Atomic bombs in the Indus Valley
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization primarily located along the Indus River in the Indian subcontinent. It is often referred to as the "Indus-Sarasvati Civilization," referencing the civilization described in the Vedas, which is believed to have developed along a river called Sarasvati, whose location remains unknown. It is also known as the "Harappan Civilization," named after the first known site.
The Indus Valley Civilization is among the oldest civilizations in the world, alongside those of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. These civilizations are characterized by the development of agriculture, the formation of true cities, and the beginning of writing. Urban development occurred earlier in Egypt and Mesopotamia, but the Indus Civilization covered a larger geographic area (modern-day Pakistan and western India).
Out of the 1,052 sites identified so far, more than 140 are located along the banks of a seasonal watercourse (Ghaggar-Hakra: according to some hypotheses, this river system, once permanent and possibly identifiable with the Sarasvati River of the Rig Veda, irrigated the main agricultural production area of this culture).
Most of the other sites are located along the Indus Valley or its tributaries, but the civilization spread westward to the border with Iran, eastward to Delhi, southward to Maharashtra, and northward to the Himalayas. At its peak, the population probably reached around five million inhabitants.
The most important cities known so far are:
- Harappa (Punjab province in Pakistan, on the Ravi River)
- Mohenjo-daro (Sindh province in Pakistan)
- Dholavira (Khadir Beit island in the state of Gujarat, India)
- Lothal (on the coast of the Gulf of Cambay, also in the state of Gujarat, India)
- Rakhigarhi (state of Haryana, India)
- Ganweriwala (Punjab province in Pakistan, near the border with India)
- Daimabad (state of Maharashtra, near Bombay, India, but with a disputed status)
- Chanhu-daro (Sindh province, Pakistan)
- Sutkagen Dor (Baluchistan province in Pakistan, near the border with Iran, is the westernmost known site).
The site of Mohenjo-daro was discovered in 1872–73 by Alexander Cunningham, a British officer and archaeologist. In 1920, the Indus Valley Civilization was rediscovered thanks to the first extensive excavations at the Harappa sites by the Indian archaeologist Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni. Between 1922 and 1927, large-scale excavations were initiated by Rakhal Das Banerji and continued by Madho Sarup Vats and Kashinath Narayan Dikshit under the direction of John Marshall. Further excavations were conducted by Ernest MacKay from 1927 to 1931. Mortimer Wheeler completed these works in 1950 with smaller-scale excavations.
The work conducted at the site has uncovered about a hundred hectares of city ruins, ten times more than what was discovered in the 1920s, but probably only a third of the total area yet to be studied. With Mohenjo-daro, the vestiges of the Indus Valley Civilization were brought to light for the first time, a civilization whose existence had been unknown until then.
Its writing has not yet been deciphered, so the characteristics of the language remain unknown.
Sumerian texts repeatedly refer to a people with whom they had active trade exchanges, called Meluhha, which might be identified with the Indus Valley Civilization, possibly under the name given by its inhabitants. The term might be linked to the Dravidian Met-akam, meaning "highlands," and could also have given rise to the Sanskrit term Mleccha, of non-Indo-European origin, meaning "barbarian, foreigner."
In the absence of written texts, the beliefs of this civilization can only be hypothesized based on representations on seals (featuring deities or scenes of ceremonies) or terracotta figurines, which might have been used for ritual purposes.
Based on the large number of figurines representing female fertility left behind, it appears that a "mother goddess" akin to the Sumerian goddess “Ishtar” was worshipped.
Chronological Outline of Civilizations in the Indus Valley:
- Food Production (6500–5000 BCE) (Mehrgarh)
- Period of Regionalization (5000–2600 BCE) (Early Harappan Civilization)
- Indus Valley Civilization – Harappan Culture (2600–1900 BCE) (Indus Valley Civilization or Classical Harappan Civilization)
- Late Harappan Period (1900–1300/1000 BCE)
- Painted Grey Ware Culture (1200–800 BCE)
- Northern Black Polished Ware Culture (700–300 BCE)
- Historical Period (from around 600 BCE)
Mohenjo-daro was not built through the gradual addition of structures over time, but rather, like other cities of the Indus Civilization—such as Harappa, Kalibangan, or Lothal—it reveals a carefully planned urbanization in the layout of its streets. These streets form a grid in which at least one avenue, 10 meters wide, divided the lower city into two zones. Indeed, as in other Indus sites, there is a division of the city into two parts, traditionally referred to as the citadel or upper city and the lower city. The constructions are made of fire-hardened wood, sun-dried bricks (common in Mesopotamia), or kiln-fired bricks, a characteristic of the Indus Civilization that ensured greater longevity for the buildings. These structures followed standardized dimensional rules in the Indus Civilization, with the width being twice the height and the length being twice the width. The population of Mohenjo-daro is estimated to be around 40,000 people.
Excavations have revealed, in addition to the fact that residential houses often had a bathroom, a drainage system for wastewater—a convenience likely invented by this civilization—as well as granaries. The citadel features a Great Bath, an ancestor of the reservoirs found throughout India and Sri Lanka, measuring 14 meters in length, 9 meters in width, and 2.40 meters in depth. This reservoir is surrounded by small slabs, one of which protects a well. The citadel also includes enormous granaries measuring 50 by 20 meters and a large residential structure. Perhaps the most unexpected discovery is a building with a hypocaust, likely used for heating bathwater. To the east of the upper city lies the much larger lower city, where the grid pattern of the streets is found. These streets are straight, flanked by drainage systems, and form blocks of buildings measuring 390 by 260 meters.
So far, this is the official archaeology: but why did the people of these cities abandon them around 2000 BCE? Perhaps it was due to soil depletion, the diversion of the Indus River, or even the impact of a meteorite? The hypothesis of a nuclear massacre, however, emerged after the discovery of 24 skeletons that, when analyzed at the end of the 1970s, were found to be highly radioactive (50 times the normal emission). Nuclear physicist Surendra Gadekar, from the group of skeptics, is not surprised and explains this by stating that in recent years, nuclear experiments in India have contaminated many regions. The first nuclear test was conducted on May 18, 1978, in Pokhran, in the Rajasthan region, the same region as Mohenjo-daro. The explosion created a crater about 60 meters in diameter and 10 meters deep. The explosive force of about 5 kilotons, equivalent to 5,000 tons of TNT, has impregnated the area with radioactivity that will last for at least 24,000 years. However, it should be noted that if there were a sufficiently strong background radiation, everyone living there would have died of cancer a long time ago. On the other hand, the epic poem of the Hindu tradition, the Mahabharata (100,000 verses), states: "Suddenly a great wind arose that shook the mountains, and a flame of fire was seen sailing through the air. We saw in the sky something that looked like a bright cloud, like the flames of a blazing fire." Who or what annihilated all the inhabitants of Mohenjo-daro? Some scholars have no doubt: given that the skeletons remained highly radioactive, these people were killed by a nuclear weapon.
The Bhagavad-Gita, a book from the Mahabharata, states:
"If the light of a thousand suns were to burst forth at once in the sky, it would be like the splendor of the Great One... I have become Death, the destroyer of Worlds."
This is precisely a description of a nuclear mushroom cloud!
UFO enthusiasts explain this by suggesting the involvement of extraterrestrial UFOs. David Davenport, a young English Sanskrit scholar, wrote a book titled 2000 B.C.: Atomic Destruction to demonstrate that Mohenjo-daro was the site of an aerial battle between opposing extraterrestrial forces. In his book, Davenport points out that within the city, there is a strip, several dozen meters long, composed of bricks exposed to intense heat radiation (over 900°C for a few seconds, as established by analyses conducted at the University of Rome). Additionally, the findings consist mostly of animal skeletons and very few human remains, all clustered in a single site and, above all, scattered rather than collapsed to the ground, as if struck by a powerful shock wave.
Davenport concludes that the end of the battle between alien ships occurred with the dropping of a small "theater" type atomic bomb. Zecharia Sitchin, a scholar of Sumerian cuneiform tablets, reports that in 2024 B.C., the Great Anunnaki (the aliens as they are called in Sumerian texts) approved the use of nuclear weapons (Enlil's faction against Marduk's, or Enki's faction). Sitchin, in his book The Wars of Gods and Men (p. 247), writes:
"Particularly interesting is a long text that scholars have titled Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta, set against the backdrop of the rise to power of Uruk (the biblical Erech) and Inanna".
The text speaks of Aratta (i.e., Harappa, editor's note) as the capital of a land located beyond the southeastern region of Iran. This is precisely where the Indus Valley is located, and scholars like J. Van Dijk (Orientalia 39, 1970) have deduced that Aratta was a city located on the Iranian plateau or along the Indus Valley. ... From ancient texts, we know that initially, all that Enmerkar (ruler of Erech around 2900 B.C., editor's note) demanded from Aratta was that it contribute precious stones, bronze, lead, and lapis lazuli slabs to the construction of the Eanna temple ("House of Anu") and that it provide gold and silver to adorn the Sacred Mountain built for Inanna. ... Attracted by the prospect of residing in a grand temple in the city of Anu, in Sumer, she eventually became a sort of "commuter" deity: she "worked," so to speak, in distant Aratta but resided in metropolitan Erech. To travel from one place to another, she used her "Boat of Heaven." Various artifacts depict her as an astronaut, and it seems she piloted her craft herself, although, like all deities, she was also assigned a pilot-navigator (Nungal, editor's note) for more difficult flights. ... It was in those days that Inanna was incorporated into the pantheon of the Twelve: she was assigned the planet Venus (MUL DILBAT in Sumerian), replacing Ninharsag, as her celestial counterpart and the constellation AB.SIN (Virgo) as her zodiacal house. ... Several hymns affirmed her new status among the gods and her celestial attributes:
To the one who comes from heaven,
To the one who comes from heaven,
"Hail to you!" we say...
Majesty, greatness, reliability [are with her]
As she advances radiantly in the evening,
like a sacred torch filling the skies;
Her place in the sky is like the Moon and the Sun...
In Heaven, she stands firm, the "wild cow" of Anu...
Etc."
This, among other things, clarifies the Indian preference for women and sacred cows. Inanna was thus assigned the city of Uruk in Sumer and the Third Region (i.e., the Indus Civilization). Inanna, known in Sumer as Ishtar, was an alien from Nibiru who had made her fortune on Earth, bolstered by her position as the lover of Anu, the ruler of Nibiru. However, in 2024 B.C. (the high-ranking aliens lived for thousands of years thanks to the Bread of Life), she found herself on the wrong side, and thus the entire area of Sumer, the spaceport in Palestine, the rebellious Canaanite cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, and in the Indus Valley, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, were destroyed with atomic bombs by Nergal and Ninurta (see the article Chronology of the Earth).
