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Carolina (English) No 352
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STUDENTS' E-MAIL NEWS FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Charles University in Prague
Faculty of Social Sciences
Smetanovo nabr. 6
110 01 Prague 1
Czech Republic
e-mail: CAROLINA@mbox.fsv.cuni.cz
tel: (+4202) 22112252, fax: (+4202) 24810987
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
C A R O L I N A No 352, Friday, November 19, 1999.
FROM THE EVENTS OF THE PAST WEEK (November 10 - November 17)
Leaders of 1989 Celebrate November 17 Anniversary in Prague
Mikhail Gorbachov, George Bush, Helmut Kohl, Margaret Thatcher,
Lech Walesa and Danielle Mitterrand commemorated the 10th anniversary of
the student demonstration in Prague which led to the fall of communism.
The guests were the very ones responsible for taking down the Iron
Curtain and establishing democracy in former Soviet Union satellites.
The guests arrived in Prague November 16. During individual
audiences with President Vaclav Havel, each was invited to dinner at the
Hapsburg Salon of Prague Castle.
On November 17 the guests visited a special session of the Science
Council of Charles University, Czech Technical University and the Czech
Association of the Freedom Fighters. The session was also attended by
Havel and other celebrities. The College of Humanities (Filozoficka
fakulta) Dean Frantisek Vrhel awarded Bush an honorary doctorate and the
Czech Technical University Rector Karel Zuna gave Bush a medal. Charles
University Rector Karel Maly said in his speech that the changes begun
by students 10 years ago have not finished yet, and Czechs must yet
still work on the democratization of the country. Bush recalled his
first visit to Prague on November 17, 1990, which left a great
impression on him. Bush also appreciated the fact that the former
Czechoslovakia was able to create a military unit quickly enough to help
the West during the Gulf War.
Bush and Havel then departed for the Slavia Cafe, where they joined
other foreign guests to meet the Czech political leadership - Senate
Chairwoman Libuse Benesova, Chamber of Deputies Chairman Vaclav Klaus
and Prime Minister Milos Zeman.
After laying flowers in the archway on National Avenue (Narodni
trida, the site where students were attacked by the police) the guests
spoke at the conference 10 Years After - on the Threshold of the New
Millenium (see below).
In the evening, Havel decorated all the guests with the Order of
the White Lion, the highest state honor, to express gratitude for their
great influence in dismantling the totalitarian regimes of Central and
Eastern Europe.
Martin Rusek/Ondrej Maly
Gorbachov Wanted 1968 Leaders to Rule after 1989
Mikhail Gorbachev admitted he wanted representatives of the Prague
Spring of 1968 to rule Czechoslovakia in days of November 1989, but he
fully respected the citizens' will to support independent opposition.
His comments were part of the conference 10 Years After - on the
Threshhold of the New Millenium, which was held by the Institute for the
Study of the East and West and Society 89 (Spolecnost 89). It was
moderated by well known journalist Timothy Garton Ash.
President Vaclav Havel agreed that there was antipathy toward the
reform communists of 1968.
Margaret Thatcher said people in former communist countries must
learn to decide for themselves and take responsibility. She called for
spreading democracy to countries where people still do not live in
freedom. Gorbachov did not agree, warning against efforts to spread an
ideological model. Nations should be given the possibility to decide for
themselves, he said.
Lech Walesa called for the creation of something similar to the
Marshall Plan and said it was necessary for post-communist states to
unite. Havel argued that nothing like the Marshall Plan is needed.
Danielle Mitterrand's speech was about something else entirely, as
she said Europe is now threatened by another totalitarianism, not
ideological, but commercial.
Martin Rusek/Ondrej Maly
Former Student Leaders Meet Their Descendants
Charles University students met their predecessors who started the
strikes of Prague universities 10 years ago during the so-called Velvet
Revolution. The College of Humanities' crowded auditorium listened to
Marek Benda (in 1989 a student of the School of Mathematics and
Physics), Jan Bubenik (Medical School), Vlastimil Jezek (College of
Humanities), Martin Mejstrik (School of Dramatic Arts), Monika Pajerova
(College of Humanities) and Pavel Zacek (School of Journalism).
The opening speech was made by Olrich Zacal and Jaroslav Svoboda,
members of the Prague Academic Club of 1948, an organization of students
dismissed from their universities after the communist coup in February
1948. Both men described the brutal police attack on a peaceful march of
pro-democratic students to Prague Castle February 25, 1948 and
criticized the fact that many communist crimes have still not been
punished.
The appearance of the November 1989 strike organizers proceeded, at
first, in a very pleasant, nostalgic spirit. All the speakers admitted
they were afraid that the communist Government would use force to clamp
down on their movement, but most of the time they recalled humorous
stories. Even when they noted that not all students behaved as bravely
as they did, there was no resentment in their voice. Only former
students of the College of Humanities pointed out that their school
still employs teachers who had been on more than friendly terms with the
totalitarian regime. The current faculty was also the target of
a comment that it was represented at the meeting as minimally as 10
years ago.
The atmosphere in the auditorium rapidly changed during the open
discussion. Current students were more interested in current political
affairs than in old memories, some of them voiced extreme
dissatisfaction to the auditorium's applause. Criticism of the political
scene's stagnancy, the decline of civic morality and insufficient
indictment of communism fell on the head of Benda, who is now a deputy
in the Chamber of Deputies representing the Civic Democratic Party
(ODS). He tried to defend his party's stance, but when even his friends
on the dais began to attack him, he excused himself and left the hall
with a long face for another event. Shortly afterwards, the dignified
questions started to become aggressive and organizers ended the
otherwise inspiring discussion.
Simon Dominik/Simon Dominik
Winston Churchill's Statue Unveiled in Prague
A copy of the statue of Sir Winston Churchill standing in London's
Parliament Square, was unveiled in Prague November 17. The statue was
placed in Winston Churchill Square in Prague's Zizkov district; among
the guests were former British Prime Minister Baroness Margaret
Thatcher, Czech Chamber of Deputies Chairman Vaclav Klaus and
Churchill's grandson Rupert Soames.
Iva Potrebova/Simon Dominik
Commanders of November 17, 1989, Brutal Police Attack Still Free
Although some 30 policemen of the former National Security Corps
(SNB) involved in the brutal attack on student demonstrators on National
Avenue (Narodni trida) in 1989 have already been sentenced, their
commanders are still free.
Michal Danisovic, commander of the November 17 police activity, was
sentenced in May to three and a half years in prison by a court in
Tabor. However, he immediately appealed to the High Court in Prague. The
date of his appeal has not been set. A similar situation obtains for SNB
unit commander Bedrich Houbal, sentenced to three years of probation and
awaiting appeal.
Miroslav Stepan, then-Communist Party boss in Prague, was
politically responsible for the police attack, also connected to several
people from the Interior Ministry, e.g. Alojz Lorenc, Frantisek Kincl
and Karel Vykypel. All have been sentenced - not because of the attack,
but for illegally persecuting dissidents before November 1989. While
Stepan, Kincl and Vykypel served their terms and were released from
prison, Lorenc refused to go to jail in the Czech Republic, using his
Slovak citizenship after the division of Czechoslovakia.
Martin Rusek/Veronika Hankusova
Action 99 Asks For Investigation of November 1989 Events
Signatories of Action 99 (Akce 99) want to open discussions about
the events of the November 17, 1989. Among the 74 signatories is Petr
Cibulka, who leaked the unofficial list of secret police (StB)
collaborators, Stanislav Stransky, chairman of the Association of Czech
Political Prisoners and Antonin Dusek, head of Civic Self-Defence
Association. Signatories say the events of 1989 did not defeat
bolshevism in Czechoslovakia, but rather Communist Party and secret
police leaders simply moved into top positions in the new regime.
Martin Rusek/Veronika Hankusova
Social Democrats Remain Alone in Government
The ruling Social Democrats withstood efforts to reconstruct the
Government at a meeting of the leaders of the Social Democrats, the
Civic Democratic Party (ODS), the Freedom Union (US) and the Christian
Democrats (KDU-CSL) November 13. After one month of negotiations
(a similar meeting was initiated by ODS October 8), ODS Chairman Vaclav
Klaus did not succeed with his idea for a super-coalition of all parties
in Parliament except the Communists. The Freedom Union and the Christian
Democrats did not agree with the proposal, despite Klaus for the first
time specified that each of the four parties would have six members of
a super-coalition government.
The Freedom Union and the Christian Democrats, together half of the
Four-Party Coalition (with the Civic Democratic Alliance and the
Democratic Union) also did not succeed with their plan to persuade ODS
to withdraw from the Opposition Contract and create a coalition with
them.
Prime Minister Milos Zeman, however, did promise certain changes,
saying it is on the Social Democrats to reconstruct the Government with
new ministers or independents. The press speculates that the two most
likely victims of reconstruction will be Health Minister Ivan David and
Deputy Prime Minister Jaroslav Basta.
The politicians did agree on the date of next meeting at the end of
November, this time at the behest of Zeman. The parties should discuss
Parliament co-operation and not new government possibilities.
Jakub Tronicek/Sofia Karakeva
Proposed Constitutional Changes Approved by Chamber of Deputies
The ruling Social Democrats and the Civic Democratic Party (ODS)
managed to pass through their proposals for constitutional changes
during the first reading of the amendments November 10. The Social
Democrats say the future of these amendments stand on the validity of
the Opposition Contract between their party and the ODS. If by February,
when the amendments will have their second reading in the Chamber of
Deputies, the Opposition Contract will no longer be valid, there would
be no reason to change the Constitution, said Social Democrat
parliamentary club Chairman Stanislav Gross. ODS says the Opposition
Contract can remain valid only if the amendments are passed.
The amendments would limit immunity for the president, senators,
deputies and judges just to their term of office, and the possibility
for the Chamber of Deputies to disband if three-fifths of deputies vote
for disbanding. The amendments also would restrict the president's
powers, such as it forcing the president to name members of the Czech
National Bank's Banking Council, Supreme Court justices and leaders of
the Supreme Control Office. The amendments would also restrict how the
president can give amnesty or name a prime minister after elections.
President Vaclav Havel said the proposal call into question the
meaning of the presidency and could jeopardize the country's future
development and its integration into the EU.
In favor of the amendments were 120 deputies from the ODS and the
Social Democrats, while the Christian Democrats and the Freedom Union
were against. Freedom Union parliamentary club Chairman Karel Kuhnl said
the novel represents the dismantling of the president's office and
Christian Democrat Miroslav Vyborny said such limitations of
presidential authority do not exist anywhere in the EU.
The amendments will become valid if approved by the Senate, because
the president cannot veto constitutional changes. If, however, the
Senate rejects the amendments, the Chamber of Deputies cannot overrule
it.
ODS allows that during the second reading the amendments might be
substantially changed.
Nikoleta Alivojvodic/Sofia Karakeva
Wall in Maticni Street to Come down
Prime Minister Milos Zeman promised November 12 after negotiations
with Romany representatives that the wall in Maticni Street will be
taken down by the end of the month. Romanies agreed to stop their
protests, but will renew them if the wall remains.
Zeman also denied the Government would buy the houses of white
Maticni residents: "The Czech Government will not be blackmailed," Zeman
said.
Gunter Verheugen, EU commissar for European integration, met Romany
representatives during his Prague visit. He said the wall is not
a racial, but a social problem, which should disappear as soon as
possible.
David Mirejovsky/Jakub Jirovec
Chechnya Foreign Minister Visits Prague
Chechnya Foreign Minister Ilyas Akhmadov visited Prague November
14. Tomas Pojar, director of the Human in Need Foundation that invited
Achmadov, said the aim of the visit was to break the information
blockade about the war in Chechnya.
Achmadov met Antonin Murgas, head of Russian office in the Foreign
Ministry, Senators Daniel Kroupa and Michael Zantovsky (both of the
Civic Democratic Alliance), deputy Michal Lobkowicz (Freedom Union) and
a representative of the Office of the President.
The Russian Federation sent an official protest and accused the
Czech Republic of supporting terrorists. The Russian embassy in Prague
also warned that Russia might freeze relations.
Tomas Havlin/Jakub Jirovec
Arbitration Court Issues First Ruling in TV NOVA Case
The International Commerce Court of Arbitration November 10 issued
in Stockholm a preliminary injunction in the arbitration claim of the
American company CME (Central European Media Enterprises), 99-per-cent
owner of the Czech Independent Television Company CNTS (Ceska nezavisla
televizni spolecnost), against Vladimir Zelezny, majority owner of TV
NOVA license holder CET 21.
The first arbitration ruling is in favor of CME, the NASDAQ-listed
company controlled by cosmetics heir Ronald Lauder. CME financed the
launch of the TV NOVA's broadcasting in 1994 and operates CNTS, which
provided all services for license-holder CET 21. However, Zelezny August
5 ended cooperation with CNTS and started using the services of
companies AQS and Czech Production 2000 (Ceska produkcni 2000, see
Carolina 343, 348.)
According to the preliminary injunction, Zelezny should restore
CNTS to its prior position as the exclusive service-provider for TV
NOVA. Zelezny, however, held a press conference November 11 to announce
he would not respect the injunction, saying the case between him as
a person and CME are not connected to CET 21. He also said that by
realizing of some injunction's demands he would break Czech laws. In its
quarterly report, CME said it would ask Czech courts to make CET 21
comply with the injunction, because the Czech Republic is one of the
signatories of the 1958 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of
Foreign Arbitral Awards. Zelezny said, however, that the convention
states that only final decisions, not preliminary injunctions, can be
enforced.
The arbitration court's final decision is expected in about six
months. Observers say that Zelezny's mockery of the preliminary
injunction might negatively influence the court.
Michaela Kleckova/Jaroslav Sauer
Agony of Health Minister David Continues
Members of the ruling Social Democrats (CSSD) disagreed with Prime
Minister Milos Zeman's decision to put Health Minister Ivan David's
future (which almost certainly includes his exit from office) in the
hands of the Chamber of Deputies. They criticized Zeman for trying to
transfer his responsibility for the Government onto the Chamber of
Deputies, and they asked him to resolve the problem. Their stance
mirrored that of opposition deputies last week. Zeman said November 12
that he would ask the Chamber of Deputies November 30 to vote whether
David should continue in office. Zeman said David should have the right
to defend himself in the Chamber of Deputies.
Radka Kohutova/Daniela Vrbova
NEWS IN BRIEF
* NATO is suffering from the victory syndrome, said Mikhail Gorbachov
during his visit to Prague. He said it is dangerous that NATO doctrine
now allows intervention anywhere in the world without consulting the UN.
Gorbachov said neither the USA nor Russia can be ignored. The importance
of Russian integration into a common defense system was also supported
by Helmut Kohl.
Marin Rusek/Daniela Vrbova
* Former Freedom Union deputy Marie Machata joined the Czech National
Social Party (CSNS) November 15. CSNS gained its first representative in
Parliament's Chamber of Deputies and party Chairman Jan Sula is
continuing to invite other politicians to join. Sula has refused to name
his targets. Some experts have called Machata's behavior unethical,
while Machata says she does not feel she betrayed Freedom Union voters;
on the contrary, she talks of courage and responsibility.
Petra Kovacova/Daniela Vrbova
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Zeman Visits Berlin
Prime Minister Milos Zeman visited Berlin November 10, where he
participated in celebrations marking the 10th anniversary of the fall of
the Berlin Wall. Zeman also took part in a discussion of Czech, Slovak,
Hungarian and Polish leaders called New European Peace Order.
All the premiers agreed that their common interest is to join the
European Union together and as fast as possible. While Polish Prime
Minister Jerzy Buzek and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban repeated
that they want to join the EU in three or four years, Zeman said the
Czech Republic stresses fulfilling EU criteria more than a timetable.
Zeman also talked with German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder and was
present at the opening of an exhibit of the Polish Solidarita Movement.
Lubos Kratochvil/Jakub Jirovec
FROM SLOVAKIA
Dzurinda's US Visit Seen Positively in Press
"With a bit of hyperbole it is possible to say that Dzurinda
experienced 36 hours of cumulative happiness," wrote Slovak daily SME as
a reaction to the visit of Slovak Prime Minister in the USA November
7-8. Slovak Premier Mikulas Dzurinda, together with Czech Prime Minister
Milos Zeman, observed the anniversary of the fall of communism in
Eastern Europe with American President Bill Clinton at Washington's
Georgetown University, where they also discussed the admission of
Slovakia to NATO. "It seemed that we missed our chance for admission
next to the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. But the chance arose
again and it is our duty to keep it alive," said Dzurinda.
The Slovak daily Pravda concentrated mainly on the economic success
of Dzurinda's visit, pointing to negotiations with P.J. Wilhelm,
president of U.S. Steel, who is interested in the East Slovak Iron Works
in Kosice and its massive debt.
An editorial in the daily SME summed up the images of the Czech
Republic and Slovakia abroad into two symbols: Slovakia is characterized
by the re-opened Maria-Valeria bridge between Slovakia's Sturovo and
Hungary's Ostrihom, while the Czech Republic is known for the wall in
Maticni Street. Slovakia's progress during the past year of Dzurinda's
rule, not only in regards to minority rights, was recognized n the USA.
Andrea Slovakova/Petra Kovacova
FROM SLOVAKIA IN BRIEF
* Foreign Minister Eduard Kukan announced November 12 that the
nuclear power station in Jaslovske Bohunice should be permanently shut
down sometime between 2006-2008. Austria is continuing diplomatic
efforts to muster EU support for closing the power station earlier.
Austrian Minister Barbara Prammer, responsible for the coordination of
nuclear policy, threatened to use Austria's veto against Slovakia when
the EU votes on membership negotiations.
Andrea Slovakova/Petra Kovacova
ECONOMY
Government Passes New Budget Proposal
After brief discussions, the Government passed a new budget
proposal for 2000. Their proposal projects income of 588.1 billion
crowns and expenses of 630 billion crowns. Although the Government did
not restructure its previous budget proposal, the proposed deficit rose
by 2.2 billion crowns. Finance Minister Pavel Mertlik said approval of
the budget proposal is strictly a political question.
As opposition parties recommended, the Government is not including
7 billion crowns of income from privatization among income in the
budget. The total deficit of public finances will in fact be much
larger, because the Government is not including local budgets and the
budgets of certain state institutions, such as the Consolidation Bank.
Jakub Trnka/Zuzana Janeckova
Exchange Rates at the Czech National Bank (valid November 19)
--------------------------------------------------------------
1 EUR = 36.270
country currency CZK
------------------------------------------
Australia 1 AUD 22.322
Great Britain 1 GBP 56.686
Denmark 1 DKK 4.876
Japan 100 JPY 32.971
Canada 1 CAD 23.729
IMF 1 XDR 48.023
Hungary 100 HUF 14.193
Norway 1 NOK 4.423
New Zealand 1 NZD 17.903
Poland 1 PLN 8.306
Greece 100 GRD 11.033
Slovakia 100 SKK 84.561
Slovenia 100 SIT 18.451
Sweden 1 SEK 4.197
Switzerland 1 CHF 22.645
USA 1 USD 34.875
Exchange Rates of countries participating in the euro
(converted from the euro rate)
country currency CZK
-----------------------------------------
Germany 1 DEM 18.545
Belgium 100 BEF 89.911
Finland 1 FIM 6.100
France 1 FRF 5.529
Ireland 1 IEP 46.053
Italy 1000 ITL 18.732
Luxemburg 100 LUF 89.911
Netherlands 1 NLG 16.459
Portugal 100 PTE 18.091
Austria 1 ATS 2.636
Spain 100 ESP 21.799
CULTURE
Vlasta Burian Elected King of Comics
In a Czech Television poll, Vlasta Burian was voted the Czech comic
of the century.
Results of the poll
1. Vlasta Burian 7. Jaroslav Marvan
2. Vladimir Mensik 8. Oldrich Novy
3. Jirina Bohdalova 9. Jindrich Plachta
4. Iva Janzurova 10. Miroslav Donutil
5. Jan Werich 11. Milos Kopecky
6. Jiri Sovak 12. Hugo Haas
Ten Years Exhibit Shows Newest Chapter of Czech History
Thirteen photographers of the Mafa photo agency created the exhibit
Ten Years in Prague's Carolinum to recall the past 10 years. The oldest
black-and-white pictures show the atmosphere during the changes of
1989. The photographs than follow the evolution of Czech democracy till
today. A few pictures also touch on contemporary wars in Europe.
The exhibit will last until January 5.
Simon Dominik/Zuzana Janeckova
SPORTS
Hockey: Czech Team Finishes Third in Karelian Cup
The Karelian Cup remains the last tournament of the European Hockey
Tour that the Czech Republic has not managed to win. This year the
Czechs finished third in Finland - like they did last season. They
played the first game against Finland and managed to score after 40
minutes, when they were losing 0-3. Dopita's goal later reduced the
deficit to one goal, but the win was Finland's in the end.
Also in the second match the Czechs waited for their first goal
till half the game was gone, but then - after adding three other goals
- they defeated Sweden 4-1. The last game against Russia wound up as the
Czechs' second loss. The deciding goal for the 2-1 final score was
scored one second before the end of the second period. Finland won the
tournament, ahead of Russia and the Czech Republic.
Three players made their Czech national team debuts in the
tournament: Martin Hamrlik from Zlin, Vaclav Pletka from Trinec and Jiri
Hanzlik from Plzen.
Darina Johanidesova/Mirek Langer
Results of the Czech team: Finland - Czech Republic 3-2 (Cajanek,
Dopita), Czech Republic - Sweden 4-1 (Martinek, Dopita, Spanhel,
Reichel), Czech Republic - Russia 1-3 (Cajanek).
Standings of the Euro Hockey Tour after two tournaments: 1. Finland
9, 2. Czech Republic 8, 3. Russia 5, 4. Sweden 2.
Soccer: Koller Saves Czech Team in Holland
The Czech national team's soccer players finished their outstanding
season, in which they lost only one game, with a friendly match in the
Netherlands. The 1-1 tie confirmed that the Czechs' win in the Euro
qualification group was not a fluke.
The Czech team accentuated defense in preparing for the strong
Dutch offense led by players from Barcelona, so both teams had few
chances in the first half. In the 59th minute Ronald De Boer centered
and Jap Stam scored. Jan Koller had a chance to tie one minute later,
but goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar cought his header. In the 68th minute
Karel Poborsky passed to Koller, who scored. The Dutchmen pressured the
Czech defense in the last minutes of the game, but they failed to score.
Dita Kristanova/Mirek Langer
SPORTS IN BRIEF
* The Czech under-21 soccer team advanced to the European
Championships after a 0-1 loss in Greece. In the first game, the Czech
team won 3-0.
* Cyclocrosser Radomir Simunek, four-time world champion, was
declared the Czech cyclist of the century. He defeated Olympic champion
Jiri Daler and Tour de la Paix winner Jan Vesely. Surprisingly, brothers
Jindrich and Jan Pospisil, 20-time world champions in cycleball, were
not included in the poll. "It was only about race cycling," said Robert
Bakalar, editor-in-chief of Peloton magazine, which organized the poll.
* Radka Hanakova and David Huf won the aerobics World Championships
in Helsinki.
* The Vsetin hockey team lost in its fifth game in the European
Hockey League. After a 1-6 loss in Bratislava they are in last place of
their group with one point.
* Preplayed games of the hockey extraleague: Sparta Praha - Karlovy
Vary 4-1, Plzen - Trinec 6-2.
Martin Moravec/Mirek Langer
WEATHER
The final farewell to autumn laughter and the beginning of
winter's grim faces - that was the week that was. One's breath is
becoming visible, white frost covers parked cars in the morning. Good
shoes, warm clothing and an elegant scarf are the people's best friends
in the Czech Republic now, thanks to low temperatures. The bearable 5
degrees Celsius/41 degrees Fahrenheit from the beginning of the week are
part of the irreversible past, now the mercury is sitting at minus 5
degrees Celsius/23 degrees Fahrenheit in the morning. God bless our
electric and gas heaters, as well as all our fireplaces, bonfires and
burning trashbins.
David Luksu/Milan Smid
English version edited by Michael Bluhm
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