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Carolina (English) No 279
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STUDENTS' E-MAIL NEWS FROM CZECH REPUBLIC
Faculty of Social Science of Charles University
Smetanovo nabr. 6
110 01 Prague 1
Czech Republic
e-mail: CAROLINA@cuni.cz
tel: (+4202) 24810804, ext. 252, fax: (+4202) 24810987
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
C A R O L I N A No 279, Friday, March 6, 1998.
FROM THE EVENTS OF THE PAST WEEK (February 25 - March 4)
Constitutional Change Should Make Early Election Possible
Parliament's Chamber of Deputies February 26 approved the Social
Democrats' proposal to shorten the Chamber's term of office, and voted
to end the lower house's current session on election day (probably June
19). The vote means a change in the Czech Constitution, to bring the
country to early elections.
The decisive moment in the discussions was the support of the
Freedom Union, which feared that the proposal's rejection would threaten
Parliament's approval of Czech NATO membership. The proposal was
approved approved by 130 deputies (the Social Democrats, Communists,
Republicans, all but two of the Christian Democrats and 12 of 31 Freedom
Union deputies.
Some deputies, such as Ivan Masek (formerly of the Civic Democratic
Alliance) and Jiri Payne (Civic Democratic Party), said they consider
the change of the Constitution despite the fact that the Constitution
already allows for Parliament to be disbanded a grave disrespect to the
rule of law.
Deputies and political parties were also criticized for the
financial aspects of the vote. The government had proposed that deputies
not discuss a certain bill for three months, which would result in
disbanding Parliament in April, but by accepting the change to the
Constitution each party will receive another 20 million crowns in state
contributions, while deputies will receive two months' more pay and
benefits and the right to severance pay.
Jana Ciglerova/Michael Bluhm
Czechs Abroad Still without Right to Vote
Parliament's Chamber of Deputies rejected February 26 the amendment
to the Election Act which would make it possible for Czechs living
outside the Czech Republic to vote in the early Parliament elections,
and returned the bill for revision to the Cabinet. Chances to adopt the
amendment by the June elections are nearly zero.
Against the amendment stood 95 of 180 deputies, mainly Social
Democrats, Communists and neo-Fascist Republicans. The deputies accepted
in general the necessity to rectify several flaws in the present
Election Act, but they claimed the hasty and imperfect amendments could
lead to more difficulties.
"This means that even Czech citizens temporarily abroad, like the
Czech hockey players, would not be able to vote," said former Interior
Minister Jan Ruml to the daily Hospodarske noviny.
Interior Minister Cyril Svoboda (Christian Democrats) was deeply
disappointed as well: "We have to feel the compassion for those living
abroad with Czech citizenship. I do not understand how anybody could
vote against this," he said.
Jana Ciglerova/Jana Ciglerova
Freedom Union Election Leaders to Include Mlynar and Kuhnl
The Freedom Union (US) recommended 10 candidates to the party's
regional organizations to top candidate lists for the June Parliament
elections. The 10 include four government ministers - Ivan Pilip
(finance), Michal Lobkowicz (defense), Jan Cerny (Regional Development)
and Stanislav Volak (labor) - and four party vice chairmen - sociologist
Petr Mateju, Kutna Hora Mayor Ivo Sanc, Vaclav Krasa and Petr Mares. The
list is rounded out by two unaffiliated ministers from Prime Minister
Josef Tosovsky's government: Karel Kunhl (trade, until recently a member
of the Civic Democratic Alliance) and Vladimir Mlynar (spokesman). While
Mlynar said he might join the US, Kunhl said he will run as an
independent. US Chairman Jan Ruml said he will not run in the elections
and will rather concentrate on leading the party.
Regional US branches will decide on the final ballots.
Katerina Murlova/Andrea Snyder
Romany Family Granted Asylum in Great Britain
A British court granted a Czech Romany (Gypsy) family asylum in
Great Britain February 27. This is the third Czech Romany family, part
of the wave of emigration in October and November, to be granted asylum
in Great Britain (see Carolina 262 and 264).
The court ruled the family had been discriminated against in the
Czech Republic and would probably be persecuted again upon returning
home. The court made its decision a few days after a Romany woman was
murdered in Vrchlabi (see Carolina 277). The family was awarded
a four-year asylum, after which they will have to apply for British
citizenship. Czech Cabinet Minister and Chairman of the government's
Committee for Romany Affairs Vladimir Mlynar said this is an isolated
incident and asked Romanies not to leave the Czech Republic. He said
granting asylum is important proof of the problems of coexistence of
Romany living with the rest of Czech society.
Dozens of Czech Romanies applied for asylum in Great Britain from
1989 to 1997, and about10 families were awarded refugee status. More
than 550 Czech and Slovak Romany emigrants have returned from Great
Britain since the October exodus.
Eva Fronkova/Andrea Snyder
Romany Civic Iniciative Demands Spots on Czech Police Force
Romany Civic Iniciative (ROI) delegates demanded the Czech
government include Romanies (Gypsies) on the Czech police force at
a meeting in Pardubice. ROI said the Interior Ministry should have at
least 10 Romanies at each police headquarters and hold at least 50
places for Romanies at police academies. The delegates also demanded
a Romany coordinator to handle the issue of racially motivated crimes.
ROI demands that its conditions be met by May 1.
Interior Vice Minister Vojtech Sedlacek, who was invited to the
meeting, said the ministry realizes the possible advantage of Romany
police officers, but will not create new posts. He said that doors are
open at police headquarters in regions where there are not enough
policemen.
Emil Scuka was again voted ROI chairman. He told Czech daily Pravo
that many other Romanies are planning to leave the country. "After they
learned that England granted one Romany family asylum, they live in hope
that they might have the same luck."
Tension is growing in the Romany community and there are more
racially motivated attacks on both sides. One of the most tragic was
January 17 in Krnovo na Bruntalsku, when a Romany woman suffered second
and third-degree burns (see Carolina 273). Another attack in Vrchlabi
(in the Trutnov district) resulted in the death of a 26-year-old Romany
woman (see Carolina 277). The most recent (the 30th this year) racially
motivated crime was last week, when three Romanies attacked some
policemen (see below).
Petr Bilek Jr./Andrea Snyder
Roma Attack Police in Moravska Trebova
About 30 Romanies (Gypsies) attacked four policemen on the night of
February 26. Investigators accused the four most aggressive Romanies of
rioting, attacking a public official and racial violence. Witnesses said
verbal attacks on the policemen were of a racial character. The Romanies
have not been sentenced. The Romany Civic Initiative (ROI) and
government officials have spoken out against the attack. ROI said the
incident will cast a bad light on Romanies.
The incident occurred in front of a bar, where Romanies attacked
four off-duty policemen. One of the attacked screamed that he was
a policeman. The police ran to safety and reported the incident at
a nearby police station. The police had cuts and bruises all over their
bodies; two of them are unable to work due to the injuries. Romanies
later gathered in front of the station to demand the release of the
accused.
Ludvik Pospisil/Andrea Snyder
Martin Bursik Named Environment Minister
President Vaclav Havel named Martin Bursik the new environment
minister at the Lany Castle February 27. Prime Minister Josef Tosovsky
recommended the 38-year-old Prague City Council's Environment Committee
chairman after Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) leader and former
Environment Minister Jiri Skalicky left his post following his party's
finance scandal. Bursik's priorities as environment minister are to
support positive ecological behavior and to re-open environmental
issues, such as the unfinished construction of the Temelin nuclear power
plant.
Bursik studied environmental protection, and graduated from Charles
University's Natural Science Faculty. He worked for seven years as
a hydrologist in the state Hydrology Construction company. In 1990 he
represented the Civic Forum in Parliament, where he was a member of the
Environment Committee and the Agricultural Committee. In 1994 he was
voted into the Prague City Council on the Free Democrats - National
Liberal Social Party ticket and chaired the Environment Committee. He
became a member of the council's Security Committee.
Havel makes no secret of the fact that Bursik's opinions on the
environment are very close to his own. Environmental organizations see
the minister as a potential partner, as do the Austrians, who believe he
will restart talks on Temelin. However, Prague Mayor Jan Koukal of the
Civic Democrat Party called his opponent from the municipal building
a cultivated populist.
Anna Kadava/Andrea Snyder
Christian Democrats: The State Should Be Stronger and Stricter
Without Chairman Josef Lux's attendance, a nationwide conference of
the Christian Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party took place
in Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad) last weekend. The conference started a series
of talks about the party's pre-election program, and a prospective
post-election government coalition with the Social Democrats was
discussed as well. In Karlovy Vary only discussions were held, and the
conference did not accept any conclusions. One of the main topics was
a call for a stronger and tighter role for the state in the economy.
According to the media, the participants agreed that unsuccessfully
privatized property should be returned to state ownership and the state
should make membership in professional associations compulsory. However,
the party then had to emphatically deny it wants to nationalize
companies.
Talks about a stronger state role evoked other right parties'
disagreement. For instance, the Freedom Union Chairman Jan Ruml said he
does not believe the Christian Democrats mean such statements seriously.
Although there was no official discussion about a prospective
post-election government coalition with the Social Democrats, the topic
was actively discussed in private. A group around party Vice Chairman
Jan Kasal has been showing some aversion to a coalition with the Social
Democrats, but some consider the coalition a foregone conclusion.
The Social Democrats are not enamored of the Christian Democrats'
hesitation. "It would not be bad to surprise the Christian Democrats
with an election result such that we would not need to cooperate with
them at all," said Social Democrat Chairman Milos Zeman.
Jan Puncochar/Denisa Vitkova
NEWS IN BRIEF
* Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) disintegration continues. Deputies
Michal Prokop, Karel Ledvinka (chairman of the ODA Parliament club and
vice chairman of the Chamber of Deputies) and Dusan Navratil left the
party March 3. The meeting between ODA Vice Chairman Miroslav Toser and
the Civic Democratic Party Chairman Vaclav Klaus was one of the impulses
for their move. ODA Chairman Daniel Kroupa expressed disagreement with
this meeting, which provoked ODA members, although Klaus and Toser said
the meeting was private. The ODA club, the smallest deputies' club in
Parliament, now consists of four ODA members and nine independents.
* NATO General Secretary Javier Solana visited Prague March 4 after
stops in Hungary and Poland.
* Media speculation appeared about the possibility of changing the
charges against Libor Novak to distortion of business information or
dropping the charges entirely. Former Civic Democratic Party (ODS) Vice
Chairman Novak, accused of evading some 500,000 crowns in donation
taxes, remains in police custody. Police do not have enough evidence to
take the case to trial. According to Novak's lawyer, former federal
Interior Minister Tomas Sokol, witness depositions speak in his
client's favor, although Chief Detective Zdenek Janicek said he does not
agree fully.
* Prague Mayor Jan Koukal (Civic Democratic Party - ODS) survived
a recall vote February 26. Only one vote lacked to pass the recall
motion initiated by the Constructive Opposition club together with Civic
Democratic Alliance (ODA) members in the City Council failed to be
approved. Opposition councilmen accused Koukal of mismanagement and
criticized his arbitrary calling of a demonstration to support former
Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus, criticized problems with Prague taxi
drivers and scandals surrounding the city bond offering.
* The first and so far the last Czech astronaut, Vladimir Remek, began
his cosmic journey 20 years ago in the spaceship Salyut 6, launched
March 2, 1978. Remek spent eight days in orbit and Czechoslovakia became
the third country - after the Soviet Union and the United States - to
send one of its citizens into space.
Katerina Murlova, Ondrej Drabek/Mirek Langer, Milan Smid
FROM SLOVAKIA
Michal Kovac No Longer President
After five years as president of Slovakia, Michal Kovac handed over
presidential powers to the government of Premier Vladimir Meciar March
2 in Bratislava. Because Kovac's term came to and end without a new
president being elected, Slovakia's constitution mandates that
presidential powers are transferred to the government. The second round
of president elections is planned for March 5, but there are no
expectations for a new president to be elected. Among the powers
conferred upon the government are the power to represent Slovakia
abroad, to sign international contracts, to accept state visitors and to
call the National Assembly into session. For now the government and the
premier are not authorized to sign bills into law, to appoint members of
the government and cannot dissolve the National Assembly.
In front of the Presidential Palace in Bratislava, where Kovac
transferred presidential powers to Meciar's government, Kovac's
supporters gathered in a demonstration of sympathy for the former
president and dislike for Meciar.
Lenka Vochocova/Sofia Karakeva
Meciar's Government Withdraws 28 Ambassadors
Premier Vladimir Meciar's government took advantage of its new
powers during its first meeting (held in the Presidential Place) after
Michal Kovac's presidency came to an end March 2. The government
declared amnesty (among others to the kidnappers of Michal Kovac Jr. and
to those who sabotaged last year's referendum) to celebrate the fifth
anniversary of Slovakia's existence. The government also revoked
Kovac's decision to call a referendum March 19 about Slovak membership
in NATO and for the direct presidential election (see Carolina 278). The
government also withdrew 28 of 42 Slovak ambassadors. Slovak ambassador
to the Czech Republic Ivan Mjartan was not withdrawn.
Meciar March 4 explained to Slovak Radio the withdrawal of Slovak
ambassadors: "Some of the government's proposals for filling important
diplomatic posts were not accepted by the president. Some posts are not
occupied at all, some of them for more than 5-6 years. But now I do not
have to discuss it with the president, because it's in the government's
authority to decide who will be appointed ambassador and who will be
withdrawn. If during the past three and a half years there was not any
room for such questions to be resolved, we have to correct this."
Slovak opposition parties see the inability to elect a new president
as a bad sign and fear the concentration of presidential powers with
government authorities, according to business daily Hospodarske noviny.
Lenka Vochocova/Sofia Karakeva
New Version of Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Contract to Be Prepared
Slovak and Hungarian delegations agreed in Bratislava February 27 to
prepare a new version of the 1977 international agreement on the
Gabcikovo-Nagymaros dam within two years. It should be preceded by
a general agreement which, after being approved by each country's
government, will be signed by the Hungarian Prime Minister Gyula Horn
and Slovak Premier Vladimir Meciar by March 25. After ratification of
the reworked international agreement by each country's legislature, the
waterworks should be finished in four to six years.
The parties plan to enter some new points into the agreement
concerning environmental protection and a renunciation of damages
compensation. Years of disagreement were brought to an end last year at
the International Court in the Hague.
According to the information from the Czech press, a protest against
the building of the dam took place last weekend in Budapest with about
20,000 participants.
Lenka Jindrlova/Ajla Zinhasovic
ECONOMY
Crown Strengthens against Deutschmark
The Czech crown reached a new high - 18.645 crowns to one
deutschmark. On March 2, the Czech currency began trading at 18.73 per
deutschmark and got stronger during the day, finishing at its high for
the year. According to currency dealer Petr Korous, the crown will now
trade within a range of 18.40 - 19.25 crowns to the deutschmark, and we
cannot expect a fast return to the level around 19.30, he said. On the
contrary, other experts said the crown's gains do not have any economic
substance and will not last long. In the summer the crown should,
according to estimates, stay at about 20 crowns to the deutschmark.
Pedro Afanador/Denisa Vitkova
Exchange Rates at the Czech National Bank
(valid from March 6)
country currency
------------------------------------------
Australia 1 AUD 22.835
Belgium 100 BEF 91.004
Great Britain 1 GBP 56.110
Denmark 1 DKK 4.926
ECU 1 XEU 37.162
Finland 1 FIM 6.188
France 1 FRF 5.598
Ireland 1 IEP 46.584
Italy 1000 ITL 19.074
Japan 100 JPY 26.761
Canada 1 CAD 23.886
Luxemburg 100 LUF 91.004
IMF 1 XDR 45.905
Hungary 100 HUF 16.283
Netherlands 1 NLG 16.659
Norway 1 NOK 4.514
New Zealand 1 NZD 19.805
Poland 1 PLN 9.775
Portugal 100 PTE 18.352
Austria 1 ATS 2.669
Greece 100 GRD 11.872
Germany 1 DEM 18.775
Slovakia 100 SKK 97.806
Slovenia 100 SIT 19.957
Spain 100 ESP 22.150
Sweden 1 SEK 4.270
Switzerland 1 CHF 23.095
USA 1 USD 34.008
CULTURE
Czech Lion 1997
The 1997 Czech Lion awards, given by the Czech Film and Television
Academy, were presented in Prague's Lucerna Hall February 28. As
expected, Petr Zelenka's film Buttoners (Knoflikari) took the three most
valuable trophies - for best film, best direction and best screenplay.
Moreover, Buttoners' Jiri Kodet won the Czech Lion for best male
supporting actor.
Juraj Jakubisko's film An Uncertain Report about the End of the
World (Nejasna zprava o konci sveta) received four Czech Lions in minor
categories (sound, editing, music, and best supporting actress - Klara
Issova). The best actor award went to Jiri Schmitzer for his role in
Boomerang (Bumerang), while the best actress trophy was given to Lenka
Vlasakova for her role in the film Lea. The Czech Lion for lifetime
achievement was awarded to Milos Forman. Bolek Polivka, last year's
winner of the best actor lion for Forgotten Light (Zapomenute svetlo),
was the host of the ceremony.
Czech media have passionately discussed later the absence of the
year's two big winners - Zelenka and Jakubisko - from the awards
ceremony. Both were heavily criticized - Jakubisko attended a theater
premiere and Zelenka intentionally rejected the invitation and watched
the ceremony on television at home.
Ales Bartl/Milan Smid
Czech Egyptologists Make Extraordinary Discovery
Workers at Charles University's Czech Egyptology Institute recently
recorded a major success in Egypt, opening the lid of the sarcophagus
belonging to Iufa, caretaker of the Pharaoh's palace. It is the first
Egyptian tomb with a sarcophagus found since 1942 that had not been
pillaged.
According to specialists, it was a very demanding technical and
financial effort, unique in the past 60 years. "Nobody here remembers
anything like this," said Ladislav Bares, who found the tomb.
The Czech Egyptology Institute began its activity in Egypt's Abu
Siru in 1975. Its staff members have made several important discoveries
- mostly from the time 2,500 years before Christ - from which the
majority are displayed in the Cairo Museum.
Eva Fronkova/Gabriela Pecic
SPORTS
Track and Field Athletes Get Complete Set of Medals in Valencia
The greatest success in the Czech Republic track and field history
are the five medals won in the 25th indoor European Championships in
Valencia, Spain. Ludmila Formanova (800 meter) won gold, Sarka
Kasparkova (triple jump) and Daniela Bartova (pole vault) got silver and
Helena Fuchsova (400 meter) and Tomas Janku (high jump) won bronze. The
fourth-place finishes of Jan Janku (high jump) and Tomas Dvorak
(septathlon) and Zuzana Kovacikova's (high jump) fifth place helped the
Czech team to an overall eighth place finish among the European elite.
Formanova's victory in the 800-meter race brought the first indoor
European gold for the independent Czech Republic and also was the first
major victory for Formanova. She is coached by Jarmila Kratochvilova,
the 1983 world champion and world-record holder. Both silver medalists
lost their golds after world-record performances from their opponents,
Ukraine's pole vaulter Angela Balakhonova and Britain's triple jumper
Ashia Hansen. Tomas Janku provided the greatest surprise, winning the
bronze in a thrilling duel against his brother Jan. "He was an opponent
like anyone else. If he was better, I would not have a medal," Tomas
Janku said to daily MF DNES.
Decathlon world champion Tomas Dvorak was very disappointed in his
fourth place. He had recently been ill and lost many points in the long
jump and the pole vault.
Milan Eisenhammer/Mirek Langer
America Hails Czech Players
The Nagano Olympics hockey "Tournament of Century" gold medalists
were welcomed by fans overseas. In Buffalo, an excited crowd waited for
goaltender Dominik Hasek and defender Richard Smehlik and, like in
Prague, there were banners in Czech reading "Hasek for President."
Before the match between Hasek's Buffalo Sabres and the Toronto Maple
Leafs, (who boast Czech Martin Prochazka on their roster), Hasek and
Smehlik received their medals again and were treated to the Czech
national anthem sung live by Waldemar Matuska.
The star of the Czech goalie now shines in the sky, too. Scientists
from the Astronomy Institute of the Academy of Sciences observatory in
Ondrejov Petr Pravec and Lenka Sauronova named an asteroid found three
years ago after Hasek. The asteroid, some five kilometers in diameter
and circling the sun between Mars and Jupiter, will be called Dominik.
In Montreal before the match between the Canadiens and the
Pittsburgh Penguins, the home team's Martin Rucinsky, his medal around
his neck, greeted the crowd, which also applauded six Penguin players:
Jaromir Jagr, Jiri Slegr, Martin Straka, Robert Lang and Russians Alexey
Morozov and Darius Kasparaitis. In the match, however, Lang disappointed
the arena with a goal in the first minute, then Jagr scored two goals
and added two assists.
In the dark Memorial Coliseum, where the matches of Robert
Reichel's New York Islanders take place, before the match against the
Dallas Stars spotlights traced the Czech center skating along the boards
with his medal. Edmonton Oilers' defender Roman Hamrlik celebrated in
the game against the Ottawa Senators with one goal and one assist.
Jiri Polak/Mirek Langer
Olympics Once Again: Acrobat Valenta Finishes Fourth
The first Olympic freestyle ski-jumping event ended with unexpected
success of Ales Valenta, the only Czech athlete in the competition. He
got the best marks in his life for his three somersaults with four
twists. It seemed he would have the bronze until the last jump of the
competition, which gave a medal to Belarussia's Dashchinsky.
Jan Kozanek/Mirek Langer
Hockey League Continues for Olympic Champions
After the Olympic break, the Staropramen ice-hockey extraleague
continued. The successful national team members built on their great
performances, as Vsetin's Jiri Dopita scored a hat trick and helped his
team defeat Vitkovice for the first time this season.
The fight for eighth place has become the main topic of these
rounds, because the eighth team will be the last to make the playoffs.
While one candidate - Zlin - smashed Opava 10-2 mostly thanks to six
goals and one assist from first-line center Cajanek, Pardubice lost
important points losing in Ceske Budejovice.
A few historic events took place. Vladimir Ruzicka, the 34-year-old
Olympic team captain, scored his 400th goal in the league. Only two
players, Milan Novy and Josef Cerny, had managed it before. In Litvinov,
the first goalless tie occurred since 1959, when Litvinov entered the
league.
Results from the 45th round: Vsetin - Kladno 7-1, Ceske Budejovice
- Opava 4-1, Jihlava - Pardubice 2-3, Karlovy Vary - Plzen 4-4, Zlin
- Trinec 5-2, Sparta Praha - Vitkovice 2-5.
46th round: Trinec - Kladno 6-3, Vsetin - Vitkovice 5-0, Opava
- Slavia Praha 3-5, Plzen - Ceske Budejovice 5-0, Litvinov - Zlin 4-1,
Sparta Praha - Jihlava 4-0, Pardubice - Karlovy Vary 2-2.
47th round: Vitkovice - Kladno 3-1, Karlovy Vary - Sparta Praha
1-7, Slavia Praha - Plzen 1-2, Litvinov - Trinec 0-0, Ceske Budejovice
- Pardubice 6-4, Zlin - Opava 10-2, Jihlava - Vsetin 2-4.
Michal Cerny/Mirek Langer
Soccer League without Surprises
The debacle of Ceske Budejovice in Jablonec will be remembered as
the main event of the 17th round of the soccer league. Penicka scored
a hat trick. The 10-point gap between Sparta and Slavia did not change,
because both teams won their matches. Sparta leads the standings with
42 points, Slavia has 32, and behind them is a group of 12 teams
separated by nine points. Plzen (15 pts.) and Lazne Bohdanec (7 pts.)
close out the standings.
Results: Sparta Praha - Viktoria Zizkov 2-0, Opava - Slavia Praha
0-1, Brno - Liberec 0-0, Olomouc - Plzen 0-1, Drnovice - Ostrava 2-2,
Jablonec - Ceske Budejovice 8-0, Teplice - Dukla 2-0, Hradec Kralove -
Bohdanec 3-0.
Jakub Svab/Mirek Langer
WEATHER
After a spring-like February, Mother Nature decided that with the
arrival of March, it will not let the government go. Daytime
temperatures dropped to 0 degrees Celsius/32 degrees Fahrenheit and fell
below freezing at night. Some snow appeared in the mountains - enough to
cause problems for drivers, but not enough to please skiers. No doubt
cold weather is back again, but no glory for winter lovers.
Karolina Kucerova/Sofia Karakeva
English version edited by Michael Bluhm
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