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Carolina (English) No 243
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STUDENTS' E-MAIL NEWS FROM CZECH REPUBLIC
Faculty of Social Science of Charles University
Smetanovo nabr. 6
110 01 Prague 1
Czech Republic
e-mail: CAROLINA@cuni.cz
tel: (+4202) 24810804, ext. 252, fax: (+4202) 24810987
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
C A R O L I N A No 243, Friday, April 18, 1997.
FROM THE EVENTS OF THE PAST WEEK (APRIL 9-16)
Budget-Aid Package
Under the title Correction of Economic Policy And Other
Transformation Measures, the government passed a package of steps to
shape up the flagging Czech economy. Short-term measures include
decreasing budget expenditures by 5 per cent - 25.5 billion crowns, and
slowing growth in wages in the state sector to 7.3 per cent this year,
instead of the originally planned 11.9 per cent, a step that saves 4.2
billion crowns. The government has also decided to decrease investments
by 20 per cent or 7.7 billion crowns, excluding investments for the
army. Pensions will not increase with the rate of inflation, and imports
will slow.
Long-term steps to be taken include completing privatization of
larger companies and banks, improving conditions for business and
exports and a tougher stance against financial crime.
These measures should improve the trade and payment balances, they
should balance the state budget, keep economic growth from stagnating
and maintain the current tendencies of price development.
Deputy Prime Minister and Christian Democrat Chairman Josef Lux
proposed that specific members of the government should hold political
responsibility for the current state of the economy. It was not passed.
Michaela Klevisova/Andrea Snyder
Heads Roll over Economy
The first head rolled April 10 as a result of the domestic economic
situation, when Deputy Finance Minister Vladimir Rudlovcak decided to
resign. Rudlovcak headed the Capital Market Supervision department at
the the Ministry of Finance.
The deputy's staff was unable to stop the transfer of the C.S.
Fond's property out of the country. In the transfer, the fund lost more
than 1 billion crowns (see Carolina) 239. The former deputy says he is
ready to prove that the Finance Ministry acted correctly. He explained
that his resignation was due to a media campaign against him, which
would have, in the long run, damaged the ministry.
Chairman of the Exchange Chamber Tomas Jezek (Civic Democratic
Party) has been one of Rudlovcak's sharpest critics. Prime Minister
Vaclav Klaus and Finance Minister Ivan Kocarnik support Rudlovcak, and
say his only mistake was his inability to communicate with aggressive
journalists.
Opposition leader Milos Zeman of the Social Democrats welcomes his
resignation, and has asked for the head of Kocarnik, as well.
David Simonik/Andrea Snyder
Teachers to Old Town Square
Teachers organized by the Czech Moravian Union (CMOS) demonstrated
on Old Town Square April 12 for higher wages and less teaching hours.
The government increased required teaching time to 24 hours per week
(see Carolina 239).
Reports on the demonstration vary. Police present reported 6,000 to
7,000 demonstrators; union leaders say there were twice as many present.
Demonstrators were mainly elementary school teachers. Union leader
Richard Falbr was also present, as well as union leaders from other
divisions. The neo-Fascist Republicans crashed the party, handing out
leaflets left and right.
Education Minister Ivan Pilip (Civic Democratic Party) spoke to
Czech Television about the demonstration. He stated that only 2 per cent
of teachers were on the square, and repeated that talks under pressure
are impossible. After a series of strikes in February (see Carolina
233-5), the demonstration was the next step in reminding the
administration that problems continue and to push for a 19-per-cent wage
increase.
CMOS Chairman Jaroslav Rossler says there will be no more teachers
protests in April, because Pilip has promised that he will submit a new
teachers' salary proposal to the government.
Karolina Cebrovska/Andrea Snyder
Railway Unions Stand Firm
Railway Union Chief Jaromir Dusek refuses to consider changing the
collective contract between Czech Railways management and the union, as
recommended by Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus. The contract promises
17-per-cent growth in wages to railway employees. Klaus says that this
is too high, in light of the government's new cutbacks. Dusek says that
contract was not signed with the government. Deputy Transport Minister
Michal Tosovsky has invited the railways to reconsider.
Jakub Prochazka/Andrea Snyder
Medicine Supply War Over
Medicine wholesalers and the Ministry of Health finished their 10
days of battle (see Carolina 241) without affecting hospital patients.
Health Minister Jan Strasky (Civic Democratic Party) and The Association
of Medicine Wholesalers (AVEL) reached an agreement April 11.
When AVEL stopped supplying hospitals with medicine April 1, the
minister tried to circumvent wholesalers by approaching small
distribution companies. None of the hospitals reported that supplies
were low, so AVEL only managed to refuse to negotiate for one week.
Strasky promised to aid in obtaining loans for the hospitals to pay off
half of their debts by the end of June and the remaining 1.3 billion
crowns by the end of the year. The General University Hospital and the
Motol University Hospital will pay their loans off according to
a different schedule. Wholesalers resumed medicine supplies and, for the
time being, rid themselves of competition.
Lucie Podesvova/Andrea Snyder
Zdenek Mlynar Dies
Zdenek Mlynar, one of the most important figures in the 1968
Czechoslovak reforms, died April 15. The 66-year-old succumbed to lung
cancer in a Vienna hospital.
Mlynar signed the human-rights document Charter 77 in 1977 and then
emigrated to Austria. He returned to the Czech Republic after the events
of 1989. He was known as a left-wing politician and a critic of the
government. He was an honorary chairman of the far-left Left Bloc party,
but was not elected to Parliament.
Along with other former prominent communists, Mlynar was charged
with treason in 1995 for having signed the Moscow Protocol after Warsaw
Pact countries invaded Czechoslovakia in 1968. The Attorney General
later dismissed the charges. He was respected by his colleagues.
Parliament Chairman Milan Uhde said that although their opinions
differed, "he was a noble counterpart."
He and his old schoolmate Mikhail Gorbachev published a book
together in 1995, Reformers Are Not Usually Happy, about 1968. Mlynar's
book A Frost Comes from the Kremlin, published in 1978, has been
translated into 11 languages.
Jakub Prochazka/Andrea Snyder
Cabinet Begins to Address Drug Problem
The drug situation in the Czech Republic has been labeled "critical"
in a document approved by the cabinet April 9. The report about the
state and development of the drug problem in the Czech Republic is the
first detailed study in several years.
The cabinet approved the report, which included a proposal for
urgent action by the Inter-Departmental Anti-Drug Commission, whose
secretary Pavel Bem is the report's co-author. According to Bem, the
report stresses the need to ensure funding for preventative and
treatment projects, as well as financial controls to prevent waste and
ineffective anti-drug activities.
The emphasis on prevention is expressed in the specific tasks
assigned to the individual ministries in the battle against drugs. For
example, primary prevention is the job of Education Minister Ivan Pilip
(Civic Democratic Party), who is to introduce a systematic drug
education program in every school.
In the course of its discussion of the drug problem, the cabinet did
not, however, address the Interior Ministry's proposal to change the
pertinent law. The proposal would allow for the criminal punishment of
not only dealers, but also of those possessing smaller amounts of drugs
for their personal use, i.e. consumers. They would be threatened with
fines, confiscation of driver's licenses and incarceration. Due to the
controversy surrounding the proposal, Interior Minister Jan Ruml (also
Civic Democratic Party) decided that he will present it to the cabinet
after consulting with experts.
Jaroslav Schovanec/Andy Faust
Votobia Publishing Found Innocent in Precedent-Setting Case
The Olomouc County Court ruled that the publishing of Adam
Gottlieb's book Cooking with Cannabis was not a crime, and found the
three owners of the Votobia publishing house not guilty.
Votobia published the book in May 1995. The publishers were accused
of propagation of drugs in October, which can carry a punishment of one
year in prison, a publishing ban and fine. The court found them innocent
then, but Tomas Kudela, one of the publishers, called a state prosecutor
a "communist hangover." The case was renewed and Kudela was accused of
an attack on a state official.
The county court confirmed the original decision after a fiery
trial. The publishers are satisfied with the acquittal, as they were
afraid of being sentenced because of "populist hysteria."
Jan Potucek and Vit Bartek/Jan Majer
First Czech Sociological Dictionary Published
After four years of searching for a publisher, the Big Sociological
Dictionary, the only one of its kind on the Czech sociological scene,
has finally been published by the Karolinum publishing house. One of the
authors of the dictionary is Miroslav Petrusek, former dean of the
Faculty of Social Sciences of Charles University. The dictionary has two
parts and 1,600 pages.
The dictionary contains 2,500 interpretive entries and also
a biographical supplement where the reader can find information about
2,700 personalities from the sociology field.
Jan Potucek/Sofia Karakeva
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Klaus Meets with NATO and EU Representatives in Brussels
During his two-day visit in Brussels March 13-14, Prime Minister
Vaclav Klaus gave a speech at the seat of the Council of NATO, where he
warned the Alliance against an appeasement policy toward Moscow. He also
visited the office of the European Commission, where he expressed the
Czech Republic's will to become a member of the European Union. In his
speech at NATO, Klaus reaction to the NATO General Secretary Javier
Solana's request that the Czech Republic participate more in discussions
with Russia, and Klaus clarified the Czech Republic's intention to
become an equal partner of the Alliance.
Klaus informed the commissioner of the EU in Brussels and also Czech
President Vaclav Havel, who is on vacation (see Carolina 242), about
planned economic measures in the Czech Republic.
Jana Wiesnerova/Sofia Karakeva
Antje Vollmer Given Commemorative Charles University Medal
In her acceptance speech for the commemorative Charles University
Medal, given for her role in the German-Czech Declaration, Vice
Chairwoman of the German Federal Assembly Antje Vollmer quoted
Nietzsche's comment about the smallest shortfall being the hardest to
overcome. The official act took place in the Patriots' Hall of the newly
reconstructed Carolinum April 11, where university personalities and
a few politicians, like Vice Chairwoman of the Czech Chamber of Deputies
Petra Buzkova (Social Democrat) and German ambassador to the Czech
Republic Anton Rosbach were present. Vollmer spoke mostly to students,
who she called the hope for future mutual relations. She also led
a short discussion with students as well.
Vollmer has been vice chairwoman of German Federal Assembly for two
years, and she has appeared on the Prague academic scene twice in that
time. The first time, in November 1995, she began to strive for the
reconciliation of the Czech Republic and Germany with the past. It was
in the period when the election campaign culminated in Germany and most
local politicians refused to discuss the matter.
exclusively for Carolina by Libuse Kolouchova/Magdalena Vanova
ONE-SENTENCE NEWS
* Foreign Minister Josef Zieleniec visited the United States, where he
discussed NATO expansion and the Alliance's relations with Russia with
his opposite number Madeleine Albright and other US politicians.
Magdalena Vanova
FROM SLOVAKIA
TASR Report Blames Carnogursky
The Slovak press agency TASR made an announcement April 8
indicating Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) Chairman Jan Carnogursky
is responsible for the bomb found at the meeting of his party.
Four kilograms of the plastic explosive danubit with
a remote-control detonator were found at a KDH meeting near Bratislava
March 24. The Christian Democrats expressed suspicions that the incident
was connected with the coalition (see Carolina 240). TASR reported that
the incident was staged by KDH and Carnogursky. The press agency, as is
customary, released the report without the name of author, with only
a referral to the Regional Investigation Office of the Bratislava Police
Department, which does not want to disclose any specific information or
evidence.
Carnogursky considers the report of TASR a provocation and an
attempt to discredit his party and himself, and called for a formal
investigation.
Ondra Provaznik/Magdalena Vanova
Meciar Marries off Son
Vladimir Meciar Jr., the son of the Slovak premier, and Andrea
Fabianova, a first-year medical student, were married in the Roman
Catholic Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in Banska Stiavnica
April 12. Meciar the younger, a 24-year-old electrical engineer, met his
bride in this very town five years ago, in high school. On the way to
the altar, the wedding couple were accompanied by the singing of the
world-famous Lucnica ensemble.
Libuse Kolouchova/Milan Smid
ECONOMY
Interests Will Rise Since May
The Czech National Bank (Ceska narodni banka), criticized by the
government for a restrictive monetary policy, lowered minimum required
reserve rates for banks. Bringing the rate down from 11.5 to 9.5 per
cent will enable banks to increase interest rates for deposits while
maintaing the interest rate for loans.
Czech National Bank Governor Josef Tosovsky announced the measure
will come into effect May 8. The largest domestic banks (Commerce Bank,
Czech Savings Bank, Investment and Postal Bank and the Czechoslovak
Trade Bank), which rule three-quarters of the deposit market, are ready
to raise the attractiveness of deposits from that date. Increased
deposits is the goal of the measure.
The reduction of minimal reserves should cause a revival of the
economy and business activity, but financial experts have called the
move insufficient.
Vit Bartek/Jan Majer
Exchange Rates at the Czech National Bank
(valid from April 18)
country currency
------------------------------------------
Australia 1 AUD 23.266
Belgium 100 BEF 84.426
Great Britain 1 GBP 48.957
Denmark 1 DKK 4.572
Finland 1 FIM 5.807
France 1 FRF 5.178
Ireland 1 IEP 46.370
Italy 1000 ITL 17.672
Japan 100 JPY 23.937
Canada 1 CAD 21.501
Luxemburg 100 LUF 84.426
Hungary 100 HUF 16.601
Netherlands 1 NLG 15.498
Norway 1 NOK 4.257
New Zealand 1 NZD 20.742
Poland 1 PLN 9.572
Portugal 100 PTE 17.376
Austria 1 ATS 2.475
Greece 100 GRD 11.064
Slovakia 100 SKK 89.639
Germany 1 DEM 17.415
Spain 100 ESP 20.654
Sweden 1 SEK 3.898
Switzerland 1 CHF 20.492
USA 1 USD 30.081
ECU 1 XEU 34.026
IMF 1 XDR 41.120
CULTURE
Jose Carreras Visits Prague
Famous Spanish tenor Jose Carreras received a golden record April
13 in Prague for the more than 25,000 copies sold of the 1994 recording
Three Tenors in Concert. April 14 in Prague's Congress Center, he
performed a solo recital, accompanied by pianist Lorenzo Bavaj. The
concert repertoire consisted of lesser-known songs from famous opera
composers like Bizet, Verdi and Puccini.
Michaela Klevisova/Denisa Vitkova
European Film Days on for Fourth Time
On April 4 at the 64 U Hradeb Theater, the latest picture by German
director Volker Schloendorff, The Ogre, opened what is now the fourth
installment of European Film Days in Prague. The festival, which
originally provided only a small glimpse of the world of European film,
has gained in significance in recent years and has been favorably
received by critics and the general public. This is proven by both the
sold-out showings and by the workshops held during the festival for
filmmakers and producers, where they meet and debate the current state
of European cinematography. As can be seen from the structure of the
production of most European films, the wave of the future is
international co-production, which allows even more financially
demanding pictures to be made and additionally facilitates their release
in individual EU countries.
The program for this year's European Film Days again offers
a representative cross-section of productions largely made within the
last year. Audiences can see, for example, the award-winnning picture
Breaking the Waves by Danish director Lars von Trier, the new Godard
film Mozart Forever or one of a number of subtle comedies by Finn Aki
Kaurismaki, Hold On to Your Scarf, Tatyana. Many filmmakers come to
present their works in person, such as Kaurismaki, who is very popular
in the Czech Republic, or Swedish dramatist Per Olov Enquist, author of
the screenplay of the film Knut Hamsun, in which Max Van Sydow played
the lead. The Czech films participating in the festival are Marian (see
Carolina 223), The Wonderful Years of Lousy Living (Bajecna leta pod
psa, see Carolina 242) and The Conspirators of Pleasure (Spiklenci
slasti, see Carolina 220).
The overview of European film will last two weeks in the Czech
Republic. After it has finished in Prague April 13, it will move to the
movie theaters of Brno.
Ondra Provaznik/Andy Faust
New Shepherdess Successful
The premiere of the new adaptation of Czech composer Leos
Janacek's Her Shepherdess (Jeji pastorkyna), also known as Jenufa, was
a great success in Prague's National Theater April 13. The same work has
been playing in another Prague opera house - the State Opera - since
autumn. Spectators now have the opportunity for direct comparison, which
has not been possible for a long time.
The performance was directed by Josef Pludek and conducted by
National Theater Opera Director Jiri Belohlavek. There was quite
a controversy over this new adaptation even before it went before the
public. Three leading stars - Eva Randova, Gabriela Benackova and Stefan
Margita - left rehearsals several weeks ago to protest the inclusion of
the monologue which Janacek himself scratched out in 1908. The
particular aria takes place in a dramatic part of the opera, which is
why critics point out the monologue slows down the whole production. The
producers argue that the monologue fits exactly into their conception of
the work. "We tried to produce the highly realistic theme through
realistic means, but we also wanted to consider the third dimension,
above this realism, and that's Janacek's music," said Pludek to the
Denni Telegraf daily.
Matej Cerny/Matej Cerny
Echoes of the Female Soul Concert - Celebration of the Cult of Woman
Various nationalities gathered together at the April 8 recital of
ethnic music under the angels' wings at St. Simon and Judah Church. The
concert, in which only women performed, was directed by Ida Kelarova.
This Czech singer, who lives by turns in Bohemia and Wales, decorated
the evening with stars such as are Iva Bittova, Vera Bila, the Bulgarian
Cosmic Voices Trio, African musician Stella Chiwese and Nasrin
Puohosseini from Iran.
Typical folk melodies from the individual countries represented
filled the church to the accompaniment of an international choir of 40
female voices. Slavic folk songs, African ballads and Spanish flamenco
could be heard throughout the evening, which was not composed of solo
performances but from resourcefully combined folk songs and melodies.
The pure African rythms Chiwese played on an old African string
instrument accompanied the Slovak nationalist song The Falcon is Sitting
on a Maple Tree. The concert was a celebration not only of the liberty
of soul but also of the liberty of the female body, and so the space in
front of the altar sometimes resembled an African ritual or a meeting of
witches.
Though the performances of the foreign musicians undoubtedly had an
original quality, they were not able to catch up with Bittova and Bila.
However, it was Kelarova's voice which dominated the concert, organized
by the musical publishing house Lotos. That evening she succeeded in
breaking down cultural barriers and showing female mutuality not only
through a harmony of tones but a spiritual harmony as well.
Klara Schirova/Klara Schirova
Sound of Pine Envelops Prague
British saxophonist Courtney Pine, one of the leading figures in the
acid jazz movement, performed with his band in Prague's Lucerna Music
Bar April 9. The packed club was treated to a two-hour show in which
Pine showed, thanks to his mastery of circular breathing and perfect
chops, that he comes closer than any other contemporary player to
capturing the intensity of the late John Coltrane. The key to Pine's
approach, however, lies in his accompaniment - he has eschewed
traditional jazz styles (with the exception of a Wes-Montgomery
influenced guitarist and stand-up bass) for other traditional elements
of modern black music: his band, aside from a live drummer, includes
a DJ while another band member mans the drum machine and raps. An
organist and female soul singer were also part of the ensemble.
Ethnic Festival in Prague
On April 4-5, an ethnic music festival took place on the grounds of
the Bohnice Psychiatric Home in Prague. The festival was organized by
the civic association the Sun of the Arts, Radio 1, and the Theater
between the Fences. The festival, called Walks and Smiles - Welcoming
the Spring was packed with exotic rhythms of domestic and foreign
groups. Gypsy music, Samanic Band's drums, but most of all the
Fontomfrom ensemble's performance combining African dance and music
brought the festival visitors to a boil. On the contrary, the Hare
Krishna band's performance, the medieval music of the Gothard group and
the chamber style of the Indian instruments and acoustic guitar of the
group Amoeba were of a soothing and relaxing character. The rock bands
Tata bojs and King Size played for modern music supporters; the Czech
group After-Death Experiences (Posmrtne zkusenosti) attempted an
interesting mix of ethnic music and rock.
There were oriental fashion shows and a Cabaret of Bubbles
performance to complement the festival, and a program of readings of
Korean fairy-tales, painting and ethnic music for children. The Theater
between the Fences area in Bohnice was decorated with amateur
photographs and mystic pictures by Zdenek Hajny and the Srajner
brothers. Neither vegetarian refreshment or the trendy tearoom and
incense sticks were missing.
Simona Malkovska/Denisa Vitkova
Actor Milan Nedela Dies
Stage and film actor Milan Nedela died April 14 at the age of 63.
After he graduated from Prague's Theater Academy of Musical Arts, he
started acting in Kolin. He performed in many plays, but the golden
period of his carrier was his eight-year stay in Prague's Rokoko
Theater. From 1973 he was a member of the Karlin Musical Theater.
As a film actor and singer, he performed in films like The
Adventures of the Good Soldier Schweik (Osudy dobreho vojaka Svejka),
Honzik's Trip (Honzikova cesta) and The White Lady (Bila pani). On
television he hosted the show The Comedian and His World (Komik a jeho
svet).
Gaparov Batyrbek/Sofia Karakeva
SPORT
No Surprises in Soccer League's 23rd Round
Sparta Praha held on to first place with a 3-0 win in Hradec
Kralove, with two goals scored by Horst Siegl. For the season he has
scored 11 goals and he moved into second place in the scorers table.
Radek Drulak is still in first, although he has been playing for
Austria's FC Linz since being transfered there by Drnovice in the winter
break of the season. Also Slavia Praha did not hung back and after 4-0
win over Brno it is second in the standings.
Defender Farsky's goal meant the first win for Opava this spring and
they moved into the ninth place in the standings ahead of Ostrava, which
tied its match with Drnovice 1-1. Bohemians failed also in their 12th
attempt to win on their own field and had to be content with 2-2 tie
with Plzen. The match between Jablonec and Liberec was postponed.
Jablonec is now third and Liberec fourth in the standings, but Slavia
and Jablonec have to play one match and Liberec two matches more then
first-place Sparta.
Results: Opava - Karvina 1:0, Zizkov - Teplice 0:0, Ceske Budejovice
- Olomouc 3:1, Hradec Kralove - Sparta Praha 0:3, Slavia Praha - Brno
4:0, Ostrava - Drnovice 1:1, Bohemians Praha - Plzen 2:2.
Zdenek Janda/Mirek Langer
Two Wins for Czech Hockey over Germany
In the first of two preparation matches before the World
Championships in Finland, Czech hockey players, under new coaches Hlinka
and Lener, beat Germany twice. After series of flops following the
Czechs' world championship won in Vienna, which led to the former coach
Bukac's resignation, the national team regained its confidence. "We
needed it," Ivan Hlinka said to the daily MF DNES.
In the first match April 11, Czech players did not start well and
were losing 1-2 after two periods. Lang, Vujtek and Zelenka's goals in
last two minutes gave the Czechs the win. "We had good luck for the
first time this season," Lang said.
Nor in the second match did the Czechs play too well, and the 2-0
win means more psychic encouragement.
Zdenek Janda/Mirek Langer
Results of two preparation matches with Norway April 16-17: Czech
Republic-Norway, 6-1 and 4-2.
WEATHER
The cold front which moved into the Czech Republic with strong winds
more than a week ago continues to reign over the entire country.
Freezing temperatures at night have made roads treacherous and
contributed to many traffic accidents, and in southern Moravia there are
fears that this year's apricot, peach and grape harvest may have been
adversely affected. The days have been chilly with periodic snowfall
alternating with sunshine. In the mountains this has produced great
skiing conditions but few skiers, as all schools have already had their
spring break. So the April Fools' joke which has been spring continues
beyond the first of the month, and the calendar hangs on the wall
mocking us. Spring, where are you?
Andy Faust
English version edited by Michael Bluhm
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