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Carolina (English) No 246
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STUDENTS' E-MAIL NEWS FROM CZECH REPUBLIC
Faculty of Social Science of Charles University
Smetanovo nabr. 6
110 01 Prague 1
Czech Republic
e-mail: CAROLINA@cuni.cz
tel: (+4202) 24810804, ext. 252, fax: (+420 2) 24810987
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
C A R O L I N A No 246, Friday, May 9, 1997.
MAY DAY
Left-Wing Parties Celebrate May Day
The Communist Party (KSCM) and the Social Democrats (CSSD), the two
most powerful Czech left-wing parties, celebrated May Day at meetings
organized in Prague. The Communists held their celebration on the Letna
plain once again (it was the traditional site of Communist meetings in
the past) and the Social Democrats in the area of the Tesco department
store, previously known as May (Maj). There was criticism of the
government and the economic situation at both meetings. However, on the
Letna plain the criticism was expressed much more strongly.
The Communists started their demonstration listening to the former
federal anthem, including the Slovak part, and then actress Jirina
Svorcova recited Jan Neruda's poem Go on. Communist Chairman Miroslav
Grebenicek had a 30-minutes, militant speech, in which he criticized the
economic policy of the government. He called the government incompetent
and responsible for the current crisis of the economy. "They have moved
the property of the nation into the hands of frauds7, speculators and
foreign capital," he said. Furthermore, he attacked the restitutions of
church property. He spoke about the greediness of church prelates and
about the fact that the property is going "into the hands of owners
whose decision-making center is outside the Czech Republic - in the
Vatican." President Vaclav Havel, according to Grebenicek "can only
manage empty blather" and the government reacts only to wide public
disobedience and mass protests. "The tomorrow of this republic is not
frauds and speculators but it is you, honest working people," said
Grebenicek at the end of the meeting. The audience consisted mainly of
retirees, and organizers estimated 20,000 people attended the meeting.
Some sources, on the other hand, estimated 5,000 less visitors. The
meeting was finished with the singing of the Internationale.
Social Democrat Chairman Milos Zeman made a speech to about 300 or
400 sympathizers. He also criticised economic problems, placing
responsibility for the problems with the government. "The Civic
Democratic Party promised before the elections that salaries would be
doubled, now the party has doubled rents," said Zeman. Nevertheless, he
said that the Social Democrats would not call for premature elections,
in spite of the fact that the party is ready for it. After the speech he
started discussing with the crowd, tossing out his usual assortment of
many bon mots. At the end he wished his sympathizers a nice day and went
to a refreshment stand for a beer. Honza Mazak/Zdenek Janda
May 1 Celebrations
Not only were the politicians shmoozing and students partying, but
hundreds of Prague celebrants clambered up Petrin hill in search of
blossoming cherry trees. The innocent Czech tradition of kissing your
sweetheart under the blooms has turned into a mass stampede, leaving in
its wake torn trees and bruised, trampled grass. But now even that is
not enough; businessmen and hawkers are taking their turn at practicing
their trades, selling balloons and gingerbread. One enterprising fellow
even opened a stand under Karel Hynek Macha's statue, the first stop
lovers must make. Karolina Cebrovska/Andrea Snyder
May 1: Time to Love and Set Kissing Records
The Myslbek shopping center wrote its name in history according to
Guinness May 1 when, during the course of the day, 629 couples kissed
under a single blossoming cherry tree. It was organized by Pelhrimov's
Dobry den agency, who records events and curiosities. They were inspired
by the Czech tradition that a woman must be kissed under a blooming
cherry tree, so that she will bloom all year and not dry up.
After 7-Year Break, May King Crowned
About 700 university students met at Prague's Palach Square May 1 to
elect a May king. Competing with avantgarde artist Milan Knizak and poet
Eugen Brikcius, Jiri Machacek won the crown. Fans call him Dr. Vinnetou,
when DJ-ing for radio station Limonadovy Joe.
A Mardi Gras-like parade led through the center of Prague to
Hunter's Island for the election and an afternoon of theater and other
events. The parade was only complicated when a group of anarchists
protesting the possibility of school fees crossed paths with the May Day
celebrants on a bridge. The anarchists blocked the bridge, but were
peacefully dispersed by police later.
The students' May Day originated in the 19th century. In 1965, beat
poet Allen Ginsberg was crowned May King. He waited 25 years to pass the
crown in 1990 to Milan Horak, one of the student leaders in 1989's
Velvet Revolution. Karolina Cebrovska and Pavel Novak/Andrea Snyder
FROM OTHER EVENTS OF THE PAST WEEK (April 30 - May 7)
Investment and Postal Bank Managers Arrested
Investment and Postal Bank (Investicni a postovni banka - IPB)
General Director Jiri Tesar and his Deputy for Investment Banking Libor
Prochazka were detained by the police April 29 (see Carolina 245). The
top managers of the third-largest Czech banking institution were accused
of embezzlement and breaching the commercial code. They were detained in
prison April 29, so as not to influence witnesses. The state holds more
than 30 per cent of the bank's stock, and its upcoming privatization has
provided for much speculation about political maneuvering behind the
arrests.
The bankers purported crime was in using 180 million crowns to buy
an 80-per-cent share in the Military Project Institution Deco City (VPU)
for IPB. They bought the shares for more than twice the market value
from a Luxembourg company, PTE International.
The bank has been buying property on Jindrisska street, which
intersects Prague's Wenceslas Square, for quite a while, planning to
make it their office and business center. That is why they bought VPU,
which has its main assets in a building and the land along the street.
The bank bought the entire institution for tax reasons and at the wish
of the seller.
Many economic and financial experts say the deal was a standard
business transaction. Jiri Fremuth/Andrea Snyder
Communist Leaders Charged with Treason
The Prague State Attorney's office charged former Communist Party
leaders Milous Jakes, Jozef Lenart and Karel Hoffmann with treason May
2. They allegedly cooperated with occupying forces in 1968, when armies
of Warsaw Pact countries invaded then-Czechoslovakia to quell the Prague
Spring. After a 12-year investigation, the case has come to court. It
may result in sentences of 12 years to life.
The Czech daily Pravo reported May 3 that Lenart and Jakes,
according to the accusation, agreed with the Soviet ambassador then to
support and participate in the so-called Workers-Farmers Government,
which was being prepared. In doing so, they would have committed the
crime of treason. At the time, President Ludvik Svoboda refused to name
a government. Hoffman was the director of communications. He was to be
in contact with Soviet soldiers and to ensure conditions conducive to
stopping radio and television broadcast, and even ordered broadcasts to
cease August 20. That would also constituted treason.
David Vlk/Andrea Snyder
Prague Celebrates 52nd Anniversary of Anti-Nazi Uprising
Prague Mayor Jan Koukal, Chairmen of the lower and upper houses of
Parliament - Milos Zeman and Petr Pithart - and other representatives
paid tribute to memory of those who died during the May 1945 Prague
Uprising at several memorials in the Czech capital.
On May 5, Koukal laid wreaths at a memorial plaque at the Old Town
Hall along with Jakub Cermin, chairman of the Czech Union of Freedom
Fighters. Zeman, chairman of the Social Democrats, made a speech in
front of Czech Radio headquarters, where an emergency broadcast started
the uprising, a call for help for Prague at 12:33 p.m. 52 years ago.
Zeman said we must recall our history time and again in order not to
experience tragic events once more in the future.
Tributes also continued next day, when a number of ambassadors took
part in a memorial service at a Dablice Cemetery, where some of the
fallen are buried. At the same time Pithart, chairman of the Czech
Senate, and others visited the Kobylisy shooting range where many
anti-Nazi fighters and others not involved in the resistance movement
were executed. Pavel Novak, Jan Mazak/Jan Majer
Police Suppressed a Demonstration Against Ruthless of Policemen
Many minor injuries and a broken rib. That is the result of the
police crackdown on about 200 young people demonstrating in front of the
Interior Ministry in Prague May 3. The crowd wanted to mark the first
anniversary of the harsh police raid in Prague's Propast rock club and
to remind officials that no policemen have yet been punished or declared
responsible for the allegedly groundless assault.
The police started the suppression after the door of the ministry
was broken by a bottle. "I am not aware of any errors," said Antonin
Fedorko, head of Prague's uniformed police. "We asked the people to
leave several times, and only then the order to push them out was
given," he said.
But Czech Press Agency photographer Tomas Zelezny rejects this
version. "I tried to explain to the policemen I'm a journalist, but they
knocked me down and said they couldn't see my press card well," Zelezny
said. The police arrested 12 people, 8 policemen were injured.
One year ago, masked policemen armed with machine guns went
searching for drugs in the Propast club. Although they found only three
marijuana joints, they cruelly assaulted guests of the club.
Lucie Podesvova/Jan Majer
ODA's Proposal Angers Klaus
Last week the government coalition agreed that the constitutional
amendment bill on larger administrative regions will be given to
Parliament by the end of May and will be drafted by the Interior
Ministry (see Carolina 244). Nevertheless, coalition partner the Civic
Democratic Alliance (ODA) May 2 drafted their own proposal. It shows 13
regions, in contrast to the nine assumed by coalition boss the Civic
Democratic Party (ODS). ODA explained this activity by their will to
accelerate the adoption and also force the ministries concerned to speed
up their work on related bills. ODA's effort should culminate with
establishing a date for municipal elections for the larger regions in
1998.
ODA's proposal angered not only Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus. The
Christian Democrats regard the draft as an explicit violation of the
coalition agreement and claim this step could block the bill's approval
in Parliament. Lenka Javurkova/Matej Cerny
Med Students Go on Strike for Their Professor
On April 30, medical staff of the Prague-Motol Faculty Hospital went
on a five-day strike (see Carolina 245). The reason for this was the
sacking of Dr. Josef Dvorak, chief of the surgery department. Helena
Rognerova, director of the hospital, explained her decision with
3-million-crown deficit. However, Dvorak is also vice dean of the Second
Medical School of Charles University (LFUK) and his colleagues see his
sacking as interference in academic freedoms.
Medical students stand by their professor as well. "We, students of
the LFUK, are going on a protest strike from Friday, May 2 to Wednesday,
May 7," they wrote in their leaflet. According to the Respekt weekly,
only 7 per cent of the hospital's employees joined the strike, while
almost all students went on strike and 410 of 664 signed the petition.
"I am proud of them," said Physicians' Union Club Chairman Dr. David
Rath. "For the first time since the Velvet Revolution they showed that
they are able to recognize the time when democracy is in danger," he
added.
The students are also convinced that Rogner, together with Health
Minister Jan Strasky and Education Minister Ivan Pilip, interfered in
academic freedoms. However, little media and public attention was given
to their demonstration in front of the Charles University Rector's
Office. Michal Schindler/Matej Cerny
Olga Havlova Award
For the last three years the Good Will Committee - Olga Havlova
Foundation has presented the Olga Havlova Award to people who have
managed to overcome their medical disability and provide care to other
disabled people. This year's award was given to Iveta Peskova by
President Vaclav Havel and his new wife Dagmar (Olga died in 1996) May
5 in Prague's Municipal House.
Peskova, a Prague native, is the founder of the civic association
Prosaz and she work as an accountant at the movement Life 90.
During the celebration, Good Will Committee Director Milena Cerna
described Peskova as a "true example of optimism for everyone who feels
disspirited."
The most prominent sponsors, donors and those who cooperate with the
Good Will Committee received as a gesture of thanks a special edition of
Havel's book 10 Letters to Olga, signed by the president.
Denisa Vitkova/Sofia Karakeva
Armament Trade Fair IDET 97 Opens in Brno
The Armament Trade Fair IDET 97 opened May 6 in Brno under the
sponsorship of President Vaclav Havel and with the attendance of Defense
Minister Miloslav Vyborny and Interior Minister Jan Ruml.
Trade fair visitors could admire the modernized T-72 tank, destined
for the Czech army, and the Swedish JaS-39 Gripe combat plane, which is
contending for the tender to modernize the Czech Army air force.
A press conference was disrupted when two activists from the
ecological movement Duha unfurled a banner reading "Give peace
a chance." Vyborny managed the situation with the remark that giving
a chance to the army of a democratic country does not deprive the
possibility of giving peace a chance. David Vlk/Sofia Karakeva
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Klaus in Vienna focuses on Czech Entry to Supranational Structures
Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus had discussions with Austrian President
Thomas Klestil May 5 in Vienna focusing on the possible membership of
the Czech Republic in NATO and the EU. Austrian Chancellor Viktor Klima
informed Klaus that Austria does not feel any time pressure for making
its own decision on the prospective ending of its neutrality and
entrance into NATO, but it respects the Czech Republic's decision to
pursue membership.
Klestil also spoke with the Czech prime minister about the
consequences for the Czech Republic of Austria's joining the Schengen
agreements, according to which border controls among member states must
be eased and external borders more strictly guarded. As Klaus
emphasized, it would be helpful to set up special customs lanes for
Czech citizens and joint Czech-Austrian customs clearance should begin
at a minimum of two border crossings.
Klaus, together with his Austrian counterpart, also discussed the
possibility of jointly hosting the European soccer championships in
2004. On April 30 the cabinet decided to support the Czech Republic's
bid to co-host the European soccer championships in 2004 and the world
skiing championships in 2003. Petra Sevcikova/Andy Faust
Social Democrats Encouraged by Labour Victory
Czech politicians are of differing opinion whether the British
election results will influence the domestic political scene. After 18
years of Conservative rule in Britain, the Labour party, led by Tony
Blair, has now come to power.
The debate focuses on whether the British election results are
a signal of a similar trend in the Czech political scene. Czech Social
Democrat Chairman Milos Zeman asserts that they are. Immediately after
they became known, he said, "The Czech Republic is the last museum piece
of outdated economic theory and practice in Europe. We should do all
that we can to ensure that it doesn't remain so for very long." As he
further argued, the Czech Republic is now the only country in Europe
whose government wishes to create an economy without social and
environmental qualifiers.
Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus refuted Zeman's statements.
"A democratic change of government is entirely normal and it is
occurring quite naturally after a long but very successful period of 18
years of Conservative Party government," Klaus said. He also added that
for him Zeman was no Czech Blair. "The Czech labor party is still far
from having its revolution," he said.
ODA Chairman Michael Zantovsky does not expect the British election
to have any negative impact on the European integration process.
Labour's victory also gave Czech Communists reasons for optimism.
"We're convinced that a similar shift will occur sooner or later here,
too, and that will include an increase in support for our party," stated
Communist spokeswoman Vera Zezulkova. Petra Sevcikova/Andy Faust
FROM SLOVAKIA
Kinkel in Slovakia about NATO
German Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel visited Slovakia May 2. The
agenda of his talks with his Slovak counterpart Pavel Hamzik was focused
on Slovakia's possible entry into NATO. Both ministers also signed a new
agreement on mutual cultural cooperation.
German CDU deputy Andreas Krautscheid, a member of Kinkel's
delegation, told the Slovak daily SME that while Germany supports the
incorporation of Slovakia into NATO, on the other it does not agree with
Slovakia's entry in the first wave of new members. Nonetheless, both the
foreign ministers came to the conclusion that German-Slovak relations
are basically problem-free. Marketa Kropacova/Milan Smid
Czech Vice Premier Lux's Lecture in Trnava
While attending the Pan-European Parliament Conference on Peripheral
Development in Bratislava, Czech Vice Prime Minister and Agriculture
Minister Josef Lux visited Trnava University May 5. He addressed the
university audience with a paper, The Christian in Politics.
Jan Potucek/Milan Smid
ECONOMY
MARKETS & COMPANIES
* The Prague Stock Exchange is still falling, thanks to the decline of
its most reliable issues, such as Commerce Bank (Komercni banka), SPT
Telecom, CEZ (Ceske energeticke zavody) and Chemopetrol, which pulled
down the PX-50 index last week. Surprisingly, the closely followed
shares of Investment and Postal Bank (Investicni a postovni banka),
involved in a police investigation, did not change their price.
Obviously, everybody has taken a wait-and-see approach. The PX-50 index
has again come close to the psychological barrier of 500 points, its
value standing at 508 points after the May 6 session.
* The Prague Stock Exchange is going to delist another 500 seldomly
traded issues by the end of May. The number of companies removed from
stock exchage trading will exceed 1,000, with no end in sight. In the
long run, only 300 issues should remain in the game. The exchange at one
time traded about 1,700 issues.
* Philip Morris certainly made a good deal by investing in Kutna
Hora's Tabak company. The Americans have three-quarters ownership of the
company, which consistently maintains a high net profit. Last year's
profits climbed to 1.6 billion crowns with sales of 10.7 billion Czech
crowns.
* Turkish Railways chose the Trinec Steel Mill to supply its rails.
The contract is worth 600 million crowns.
* The HBSW company, known for its Good Water (Dobra voda) throughout
the country, was sold to the Dutch firm Ronaldsay, which now owns 78 per
cent of HBSW's shares.
* Marko and Vladimir Stehlik were definitively relieved of all
positions in the Poldi Steel company after Poldi's general meeting.
Martin Cermak/Milan Smid
Exchange Rates at the Czech National Bank
(valid from May 12)
country currency
------------------------------------------
Australia 1 AUD 23.773
Belgium 100 BEF 87.092
Great Britain 1 GBP 49.772
Denmark 1 DKK 4.721
Finland 1 FIM 5.946
France 1 FRF 5.327
Ireland 1 IEP 46.324
Italy 1000 ITL 18.151
Japan 100 JPY 25.041
Canada 1 CAD 22.068
Luxemburg 100 LUF 87.092
Hungary 100 HUF 16.918
Netherlands 1 NLG 15.977
Norway 1 NOK 4.334
New Zealand 1 NZD 21.042
Poland 1 PLN 9.721
Portugal 100 PTE 17.862
Austria 1 ATS 2.554
Greece 100 GRD 11.290
Slovakia 100 SKK 92.242
Germany 1 DEM 17.971
Spain 100 ESP 21.278
Sweden 1 SEK 3.988
Switzerland 1 CHF 21.245
USA 1 USD 30.587
ECU 1 XEU 34.984
IMF 1 XDR 41.825
CULTURE
Reconstructed Municipal House Reintroduces Itself on Open-Door Day
On April 30 and May 1, after a 30-month reconstruction, Prague's
Art Nouveau jewel, the Municipal House (Obecni dum), on Republic Square
(Namesti republiky) next to the Powder Tower (Prasna brana), reopened to
the public. Thus 40,000 visitors got a chance, most for the first time
in their lives, to see all the interiors in their nearly original form
(the Municipal House first opened in 1912).
To be seen were not only Smetana Hall (where, for example, Prague
Spring concerts take place), both restaurants and the famous
Secessionist Sladkovsky Dance Hall, but also rooms that are usually
closed to the public. Visitors could be dazzled by Alfons Mucha's
decoration in the Mayor's Salon, the Oriental Salon or the connecting
passage between the Municipal House and the Powder Tower. The American
bar, reconstructed only from old photographs and furnished with period
replicas, was also a focus of attention.
Since May 3 an exhibit has been open in the Municipal House about
the landmark's history, together with a Czech Art Nouveau exhibit.
Simona Malkovska/Denisa Vitkova
FAMU 97 Festival in Prague's Archa Theater
About 70 works in competition were shown at the FAMU 97 festival,
organized by FAMU (Film Arts Academy) students and graduates. Besides
the competition pieces, from among which the best works in 10 categories
were awarded the Maxim Prize, a complementary program was also arranged.
FAMU students and graduates sang, played, recited and exhibited
photographs and pictures. Director Vera Chytilova (Daisies) and
documentary filmmaker Karel Vachek let the public look into their
creative workshops, Slovak director Juraj Jakubisko loaned his drawings
as well as pictures by deceased producer Elo Havetta.
The competition grew by one category - commercials, clips and
video-art, which are considered by some a legitimate audiovisual genre,
to which the laws of filmmaking apply. The jury called the works of
a relatively high quality. Director Jaromil Jires pointed out that the
directing students are still in the shadow of popular documentary
directors, who are now FAMU favorites. Public interest was a pleasant
surprise - there were about 200 tickets sold daily, including
a non-Prague audience. Lucie Vackova/Denisa Vitkova
Art Garfunkel Sings in Prague
American singer Art Garfunkel, on a tour of Europe, gave
a performance May 5 in Prague's Congress Center (formerly the Palace of
Culture). As a special guest, British artist Mal Pope, well known in
Great Britain and Wales, also took part in the program. Aside from
Garfunkel's solo songs, the audience enjoyed well-worn hits from the
annals of Simon and Garfunkel tunes. Denisa Vitkova/Denisa Vitkova
SPORTS
Czech Hockey Players Blunder in World Championships Final Group
In their last match in the basic group, a match which could not
prevent their advance to the final part of the world championships in
Finland, the Czech national team easily defeated France 9-3 (2-3, 3-0,
4-0). They lost a careless first period due to mistakes in defense, but
after a stringent reprehension from the coaches they began a real
exhibition. The "Blue Line" of Vujtek - Patera - M. Prochazka
particularly shone. Goals: Vyborny 2, M.Prochazka 2, Vykoukal, Lang,
Patera, Reichel, Ujcik - Bozon 2, Pouget.
The first match in the final group did not turn out well for the
Czech team, it lost to the United States 3-4 (0-1, 1-3, 2-0). The Czechs
played lamely against a weak American team, they made a lot of mistakes
like goalie Cechmanek's trip to the corner for the puck, allowing Donato
take the puck and scored in an empty goal for the Americans' second
goal. The defending world champions managed to lower the score from an
outrageous 1-4 to 3-4, but that was all. Goals: Vujtek 2, Dopita
- Donato 2, Beers, Marinucci.
If the Czechs still want to get a medal, they must win their last
two matches, against Canada and Sweden.
Pavel Novak/Mirek Langer
After deadline: Czech Republic - Canada 5-3 (Vujtek's hattrick), Czech
Republic - Sweden 0-1
Olga Sipkova Became World Champion
Olga Sipkova got the first historic gold medal in the aerobic world
championships in Sydney May 3-4.
Sipkova, silver medalist from the last championships, got to the
first place already in the qualification and held it by excellent
performance through the semifinal and final. "I did not fly from Prague
with big ambitions, but when I managed to win the qualification, I
started to think about a medal. The repeated win in the semifinal then
fortified my psychically huge," champion told to the Pravo newspaper.
The men team Jakub Strakos, David Holzer and Vladimir Valouch got
bronze medals and round off the Czech team success. The Czech Republic
became the most successful country in the championships with Spain and
Australia, all getting two medals. Roman Jedlicka/Mirek Langer
Soccer League 26th Round - Sparta and Slavia Do Not Falter
The leading candidates for the league championship did not falter in
the 26th round of the soccer league May 2-4: Sparta Praha shot with
vigor and outclassed Ceske Budejovice 5-0, Slavia Praha decided its
intracity match with Bohemians in the first half and defeated them 2-0.
Third-place Liberec did not manage to overcome the barbed Viktoria
Zizkov defense and tied 0-0, so Jablonec jumped over Viktoria into third
place after a 1-0 win in Plzen.
Other results: Olomouc - Ostrava 1-1, Drnovice - Hradec Kralove
1-1, Karvina - Teplice 2-0, Brno - Opava 2-0.
With four rounds to the league season's end, Sparta leads the
standings three points ahead of Slavia, newly third-place Jablonec has
11 points less but one match (with fourth-place Liberec) still to play.
In last place, Bohemians have replaced Karvina.
Honza Mazak/Mirek Langer
SPORTS IN BRIEF
* Czech triple-jumper Sarka Kasparkova, who took third in the Atlanta
Olympics, won the first track and field Grand Prix in Rio de Janeiro.
She jumped 14.50 meters and defeated Chistyakova (Slovakia, 14.07m) and
Kravets (Ukraine, 14.02m)
* Jaroslav Hules, the only Czech racer in the motorcycling world
championships, finished 14th in the Spanish Grand Prix in Jerez May 3
and received two points. He is 16th in the season standings.
Roman Jedlicka and Honza Mazak/Mirek Langer
WEATHER
The sun over the Czech Republic gathered its strength and has been
performing in the grand style since the weekend. Not to mention
occasional showers May 4, but the next two days the sun shone as hard as
it could. The optimists put on their summer dresses, pessimists still
stuck to their jackets. The temperature climbed up to 22 degrees
Celsius/73 degrees Fahrenheit in the shade (in the sun almost 33 degrees
Celsius/90 degrees Fahrenheit), while at night the mercury holds at 15
degrees Celsius/60 degrees Fahrenheit. Alas, the summer lasted only two
days. Cool wind brought clouds and rain to Prague already May 6, and
forecasts for the rest of the week are not very rosy. Metereologists are
hesitating to give us a straightforward forecast because they do not
want to ruin their reputation. Michal Schindler/Milan Smid
English version edited by Michael Bluhm
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