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Carolina (English) No 223
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STUDENTS' E-MAIL NEWS FROM CZECH REPUBLIC
Faculty of Social Science of Charles University
Smetanovo nabr. 6
110 01 Prague 1
Czech Republic
e-mail: CAROLINA@cuni.cz
tel: (+42 2) 24810804, ext. 252, fax: (+42 2) 24810987
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
C A R O L I N A No 223, Friday, November 15, 1996.
FROM THE EVENTS OF THE PAST WEEK (November 6-13)
Secret Service Head Resigns
Stanislav Devaty resigned from his four-year position as interim
director of the Security Intelligence Service (BIS) November 11. The
government accepted his resignation November 13, and awarded Jaroslav
Jiru the position. Jiru had been working with BIS as the Director of
Security Units. Devaty's resignation followed the decision of the
Parliamentary Committee for BIS Activities to formally consult Attorney
General Bohumira Kopecna on the fact that BIS is breaking the law, and
also the November 8 announcement by government Vice-Chairman and
Chairman of the Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak Peoples' Party
(KDU-CSL) Josef Lux, that he had been placed under surveillance by
a civilian counter-intelligence group.
Lux said on Czech Television's November 10 Debate program that "in
light of this situation, nobody can exclude the possibility that for
example, someone may be shadowing the head of Parliament, the president
or the prime minister." He says that the key issue in the BIS case is
not that it should not be possible for a government official to be
followed, but rather that the whole thing can be hidden from any
controlling organ. When Vice-Prime Minister and Chairman of the Civic
Democratic Alliance (ODA) Jan Kalvoda publicly accused BIS of placing
politicians under surveillance last year, and of tampering with
documents inspected by a select committee of government ministers and
then by Parliament. When the issue of Lux's shadowing was presented,
nothing was amiss with the recorded dates. BIS presented records
documenting trailing Lux in 1993 and 1994 in connection with Antonin
Moravec, a former member of KDU-CSL and Lux's advisor concerning the
privatization of the Ralsko military base (Moravec is also well-known as
an allegedly fraudulent banker). The parliamentary Committee for BIS
Activity obtained the original list, and agreed with Civic Democratic
Party (ODS) deputies on suspicions that it may be breaking the law.
Social Democrat Jaroslav Basta heads the committee.
Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus returned early from a trip abroad and,
surprising many, took part in the Debate program, and opposed all
charges, supporting BIS and Devaty. After Devaty's resignation, Klaus
told him that he had full confidence in him. In the November 12 edition
of daily MF DNES, the prime minister blamed both smaller coalition
parties and the Social Democratic opposition for forcing Devaty to resign
due to their own pre-election interests. One of BIS's three deputy
directors, Sylva Sauerova, accused Devaty November 10 of systematically
breaking the law.
Jiri Fremuth, Batyrbek Gaparov and Lida Truneckova/Andrea Snyder
Politicians Respond to BIS Chief's Resignation
President Vaclav Havel called Stanislav Devaty's resignation
a sensible step in light of the current situation.
Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus repeated that Devaty had not committed
a crime, saying that he did not and does not agree with accusations
against the former BIS head. "I believe Mr. Devaty when he says that he
never arranged surveillance of this country's government officials and
that under his leadership, BIS was never the instrument of any political
party."
Chairman of KDU-CSL, Vice-Chairman of the government and Minister
of Agriculture Josef Lux announced that Devaty's resignation was not his
objective. He expressed satisfaction that the BIS personnel changes he
had discussed with the prime minister November 8 had come about.
ODA Chairman, Vice-Chairman of the government and Justice Minister
Jan Kalvoda was not surprised by Devaty's decision. Concerning the
newest published information, Kalvoda said, "I think that a complete,
consistent and quick investigation of BIS activities is more important,
though."
Chairman of Parliament and Social Democrat leader Milos Zeman said,
"I hope that with his resignation, the BIS will no longer be used for
narrow party purposes, and that this service will continue to be led by
a competent professional."
Minister without Portfolio and and Chairman of the government
Council for Media Activity Pavel Bratinka (ODA) said Devaty's
resignation will make it simpler to name a permanent BIS director, and
that tension within the organization will now markedly decrease.
Interior Minister Jan Ruml (ODS) was also quoted on Devaty's
resignation as saying, "unfortunately, a decent person has left under
these circumstances ... I am honestly sorry that Mr. Devaty could find
himself in this situation at all. I continue to respect him."
Denisa Vitkova/Andrea Snyder
Who is Stanislav Devaty?
Stanislav Devaty was born June 8, 1952 in Zlin. He is divorced, and
has a 21-year old daughter living in America. He graduated from the
Electro-technological High School of Industry as an electrician. He was
known in the 1980's as one of the country's foremost dissidents. He
signed Charter 77, and was later their spokesman and a member of the
Committee for the Protection of the Unjustly Persecuted. He participated
in anti-communist demonstrations and was placed under surveillance in
the late 1980's as a result of his dissident activities. In 1989, he was
repeatedly jailed, where he fasted. He then escaped to Poland, and
returned to his homeland December 10, 1989.
Following the Velvet Revolution he was a deputy in the Federal
Assembly and a member of the parliamentary Committee for Investigation
of Activities of November 17, 1989. He renounced his ODA membership when
he was named interim director of the Security Intelligence Service
December 19, 1992. He graduated last year from Charles University's
Faculty of Law, after successfully defending his thesis on legal issues
pertaining to the protection of personal interests.
Lucie Vackova/Andrea Snyder
President Criticizes Social Democrats and ODS
President Vaclav Havel called the words of the chairman of
Parliament and the Czech Social Democrat Party (CSSD) Milos Zeman
irresponsible. Zeman was quoted in the November 9 edition of Pravo
saying that for some time, CSSD had been unofficially informed that in
cooperation with the Ministry of the Interior, BIS had created an
operative unit to monitor, and eventually discredit, first certain
members of the opposition, then all members of the opposition, thirdly
coalition party members, and, finally, even certain members of the Civic
Democratic Party (ODS).
The president commented on the quote after nearly an hour-long
discussion with Interior Minister Jan Ruml of ODS, who had requested the
meeting. "As chairman of Parliament, he should know that it is neccesary
to proceed down legal paths. He should have informed either the
parliamentary Committee for Defense and Security, or the BIS committee."
In an address to ODS, Havel said it was unfortunate that the ODS
Executive Council publicly demonstrated support of Devaty. The council
supported the interim director in response to information that the Civic
Democratic Alliance and the Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak
Peoples' Party will demand a change in BIS personel leadership.
Zeman reacted to the criticism by saying that he will provide proof
at his meeting with the president next week. However, Minister Ruml has
said he is sure that no such documents exist and that it is possible
that ODS will demand a vote to recall Zeman. CSSD plans to call for
resignation of the Minister of the Interior.
Vit Bartek and Lida Truneckova/Andrea Snyder
Future Senators for Punishment of Child Offenders
More than half of Senate candidates professed support for reducing
the age limit for criminal responsibility, according to research
conducted by daily MF DNES. Elections to the first Czech Senate will
take place November 15-6, with a runoff round, if necessary, scheduled
for November 22-3. A majority agree to trying 14-year-olds as adults,
some candidates even spoke about trying 13- and 12-year-olds. Three
hundred out of 573 candidates represent the above majority, 240 were
against and 33 expressed no opinion.
The idea of punishing children younger than 15 relates to the
increase in crimes committed by youngsters. Many children and
children's gangs, which some speculate number 40 in Prague, are
exploited by adults because of their status before the law. This is the
reason why many candidates polled rather support strict punishment for
parents.
The question of trying children is not engaging only future
senators. Punitive responsibility for children is supported by police
and Justice Minister Jan Kalvoda, who said his ministry is ready to put
forward a proposal to reduce the age limit for punitive responsibility
by one year (see Carolina 219). A majority of judges do not believe in
the positive effect of the proposal and instead support the idea of
a new system of punishment and reform.
Jana Wiesnerova/Zuzana Kawaciukova
New Secretary of Anti-Drug Commission Temporarily Removed After 3 Weeks
On November 7 Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus temporarily removed the
General Secretary of the interdepartmental Anti-Drug Commission Zdenek
Poslusny (appointed in mid-October). The prime minister took the step
following the Anti-Doping Committee's allegation that in the 1980s
Poslusny participated in doping in high-performance sport (see Carolina
221). Subsequently a complaint was made by former colleagues at Palacky
University in Olomouc that, while an instructor there, Poslusny
embezzled students' funds.
Poslusny emphatically denied the Anti-Doping Committee's allegation,
but so far has not taken legal action on the matter. Concerning the
university allegation, he said, "you won't get any comment on that
because it was more than 20 years ago" (daily Lidove noviny, November
7). Dean of the Faculty of Physical Education Bretislav Hodan stated in
daily MF DNES that it is not possible to prove the fraud, but
nevertheless the finance officer at the time decided that such a person
could not remain at the university. (The matter concerned money for
a ski camp.)
The government is looking into the Poslusny case. Until the
investigation is complete, the Anti-Drug Commission will be lead by
Ludek Vychodil, the prime minister's chief-of-staff, who had recommended
Poslusny to Klaus.
Michal Schindler/Zuzana Kawaciukova,Andy Faust
Vladimir Budinsky President of Antibureaucracy Committee
Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus appointed a permanent labor committee
which should simplify bureaucracy and make the communication of the
public and businessmen with government offices easier. Klaus named the
former Minister for Transportation Vladimir Budinsky (Civic Democratic
Party, of which Klaus is chairman) to head the committee. The comittee
will have two vice-chairmen and will be divided into two parts with six
subcommittees. "One of the vice-chairmen will be the leader of the civil
section and the other will deal with the business section. One part will
focus on the principal questions about public offices and citizens, the
other on business affairs," Klaus said.
As Budinsky said, the committee will not become the office of
offices and its activity will not need financing from the state budget.
"We will have one secretary and the existence of the committee doesn't
mean the validation of the Parkinson's laws (which dictate the ceaseless
growth of bureaucracy)," Budinsky said.
The appointing of the committee was sharply criticized by the
opposition Social Democrats. "The committee seems to me absolutely
useless, it is only an irresponsible and populist act made a short time
before the Senate election," said Social Democrat leader Milos Zeman.
Zdenek Janda/Magda Vanova
Stanislav Belehradek in New Office
The former Minister of Economic Competition Stanislav Belehradek
was named head of the newly created Office for Protection of Economic
Competition. He expects from his post more effective work combatting
illegal business practices. He also wants to change the structure of the
office, which previously had a lack of lawyers and thusly often
mishandled the legal aspects of cases. Belehradek (Christian Democratic
Union-Czechoslovak People's Party) resigned from Parliament .
Pavel Novak/Magda Vanova
Universities Elect Rectors
On November 1 Dr. Karel Maly was re-elected rector of Charles
University in an uncontested election. Of the 61 ballots cast by members
of the Academic Senate, Maly received 53, 4 were against, and 4 votes
were invalid.
Maly, who will be serving his second term as rector, is a graduate
of Charles University's Law School, where he was granted the title of
Full Professor of Legal History in 1990. Among other activities, he
directs the Institute of Legal History and is head of the Czech
Commission for Scientific Degrees. In 1990 he founded the Universities
Council and until 1993 was its head.
Elections for rector are also taking place at other Prague
universities. During November, rectors will be elected at the Czech
Technical University, the Academy of Fine Arts and the Czech
Agricultural University.
The 1990 Universities Law sets the length of the rector's term at
three years and stipulates that a rector cannot serve more than two
terms successively. Changes have been called for in the law, which also
prescribes the method of election, requirements for candidacy, the
number of members of the Academic Senate and its ratio of students to
instructors.
Libuse Kolouchova/Andy Faust
Media '96 Expo in Prague
From November 6-8 the fourth annual Media '96 professional trade
fair took place in Prague's Congress Center. Most publishers and radio
and television broadcasters took advantage of the opportunity to present
their services.
Unlike Czech Television and Premiera, TV NOVA, the most-watched TV
network in the country, did not participate. Expo organizer Zdenek
Sobota indicated, however, that next year NOVA as well would have its
own display. As in Parliament, the question of TV advertising was also
debated at the trade fair. The controversy concerns whether public
broadcasting should be allowed to include advertising at all.
Parliament's Media Commission is leaning towards the view that Czech
Television should not have to reduce the amount of advertising in its
broadcasting time (currently 1 per cent daily).
The Union of Daily Press Publishers announced a contest for the best
advertisement - the "Golden Printing Block." Nominated print
advertisements will be evaluated every three months, with the first
award being presented at the latest in March.
Roman Jedlicka/Andy Faust
FOREIGN RELATIONS
Highest Czech Representatives Congratulate Bill Clinton
Top Czech representatives expressed their satisfaction with Bill
Clinton's becoming the President of the U.S.A. again.
President Vaclav Havel and Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus sent
congratulatory telegrams to the re-elected Clinton; also the Chairman of
Parliament and leader of the opposition Social Democrats Milos Zeman is
pleased with the old-new president. For Czech statesmen, Clinton means
foremost a guarantee of stability and continuance of the foreign policy
course taken by the United States towards central Europe.
Ondra Provaznik/Denisa Vitkova
FROM SLOVAKIA
Daily SME Sentenced to 7.5-Million-Crown Penalty
The opposition daily SME has to pay a penalty of 7.5 million crowns
to 18 Slovak government members who felt insulted by editor Peter
Toth's statement at the funeral of Robert Remias. Toth said, "these are
the first victims of the cold war the government is waging against the
citizens of Slovakia." The verdict was announced by the District Court
in Banska Bystrica November 6.
It is interesting that the trial took place in Banska Bystrica,
where only one of the government members, Minister of Justice Jozef
Liscak, has his permanent address. At the beginning of January, Liscak
recalled the chairman of the District and County Courts in Banska
Bystrica. The publisher of the daily SME has appealed because of alleged
court bias. The appeal trial will take place at the Regional Court in
Kosice.
The Czech Daily Press Publishers Union called for solidarity with
the SME publishers, the November 12 edition of Lidove noviny reported.
According to the Daily Press Publishers Union statement, the daily only
performed its reporting duty, for which it should not be persecuted.
Jan Potucek/Denisa Vitkova
University Students Demonstrate for Academic Freedom
On November 7, close to the government building in Bratislava, more
than 3,000 university students protested against splitting P.J. Safarik
University in Kosice into two separate schools. The separation should
take place as part of the university law which comes into effect January
1. The university's Academic Senate did not have a chance to comment on
the proposal, and it could only inactively observe coalition members'
negotiations, led by Minister of Education Eva Slavkovska.
The students were supported by President Michal Kovac, who returned
the law to the National Assembly. On November 16, the students are again
to meet at the former Peace Square, in front of the Presidential
residence. Major demonstrations are expected also on November 17,
International Student Day, according to a report in the November 8
edition of the daily SME.
Jan Potucek/Denisa Vitkova
ECONOMY
Trend Investment Fund under Forced Administration
The Trend VIF investment fund was placed under forced
administration November 7, the first such fund case in the Czech
Republic. According to Ministry of Finance spokeswoman Ludmila Nutilova,
this step was caused by the damaging effect mamnagement had on the
fund's property. The fund, which participated in both rounds of voucher
privatization and had share capital of 1.3 billion crowns, was
established by musician-politician Michael Kocab and
musician-entrepreneur Martin Kratochvil. They then sold management of
the fund to the Kralovehradecka brokerage company. According to Trend
Shareholders Association representative Petr Streitberg, the quality
stocks, such as SPT Telecom, Sokolovska uhelna and Kotva, gradually
disappeared from the fund's portfolio. But the sale prices were
evidently disadvantageous, because of which the value of the fund's
assets dropped by more than 50 per cent in the first half of 1996.
According to former Trend Chairman of the Board Miroslav Halek, the
freezing of the fund's account the Securities Registry, enacted by the
ministry's oversight department, was illegal and prevented the fund from
realizing income exceeding 500 million crowns. The freezing of the
account and the lack of transparency of new fund majority owner Bank of
Bermuda resulted in former board members' resignation, according to
Halek. The Bank of Bermuda acts as custodian for the shares' owner, the
Czech Value Fund, which was founded and is managed by Regent Kingpin.
The Czech public is still unsure who is responsible for the fund's
mismanagement. All those involved refuse to release specific information
on the status of the fund. Even forced administrator Emil Busek has not
yet acquired any information.
The ministry's spokeswoman also said the ministry is investigating
other investment funds and it is possible that the forced administration
of Trend VIF might be not the last such case.
Michaela Klevisova/Katerina Zachovalova
MARKETS AND COMPANIES
* The PX 50 Stock Exchange index continued its long-term decline,
breaking the psychological barrier of 500 points November 8. November
13 the PX 50 index ended at 488.2 points. Brokers are skeptical as to
any possible reversal of this trend, many of them do not believe the
post-election period will save the Stock Exchange. Among the rare
exceptions which surprised investors last week by not sliding, are
shares of Setuza and the unpredictable Vertex.
* The Czech Republic has retained its top spot in the world as to the
percentage of shareholders per capita. Fifty-seven of 100 Czech
inhabitants own shares.
* Bayerische Landesbank (BL), chaired by Franz Neubauer,
controversial head of the Sudenten Germans, is in the middle of
intensive negotiations to purchase the ailing Interbank from its
Hungarian owner. In the background of these talks is BL's visible effort
to remove obstacles for gaining a banking license in the Czech Republic.
BL is known as one of the most eager would-be owners of big Czech
banking insitutes like the Czech Savings Bank (Ceska sporitelna), where
BL has established the joint venture Czech Building Savings Bank (Ceska
stavebni sporitelna).
* The Savings Bank Privatization General Investment Fund (Sporitelni
privatizacni-vseobecny investicni fond), one of the biggest investment
funds involved in voucher privatization, ended its 3rd quarter 1996
balance with losses exceeding 1 billion crowns.
* Skoda Plzen goes on with its conquest of world markets. After
winning the tender to supply 61 trolley-buses for the American city of
Dayton, another excellent order is on the horizon, this time for 230
vehicles for San Francisco. The Skoda offer, which has progressed into
the final round where only one other competitor (the Italian company
Breda) is left, has the big advantage that they co-founded a factory
designed to produce their trolley-buses in America, in the state of
Maryland. According to some sources, the mayors of other American towns
are also interested. The result of the tender will be announced in
January.
* Lubomir Soudek, president of the above-mentioned Skoda company, who
is obviously not satisfied with the North American markets, decided to
go stake his claim in Brazil. The offer to build a car factory for the
production of Liaz and Tatra trucks (both trade marks belongs to the
family of the Skoda Pilsen Holding) is one of the fruits which ripened
from negotiations with the Brazilian government. The production capacity
of the factory should reach 5,000 vehicles in the year 2000. The
Brazilian army has also revealed interest in the reliable Tatra cars.
The construction of a factory for producing Czech trolley-buses has also
been debated.
* Viktor Kozeny, well-known investor and founder of the Harvard funds
whose promotional campaign is considered to have initiated public
interest in Czech voucher privatization in 1992, and who made an
alliance with the Stratton Investment Group to aquire ownership shares
in strategic Czech companies last year, is retreating from the Czech
market again. After leaving positions in Spolana Neratovice and Fatra
Napajedla to the insatiable Chemapol Group, he sold also 40 per cent of
Prague Gas Works (Prazska teplarenska) to the Opatovice Power Station
(Elektrarny Opatovice).
Martin Cermak/Milan Smid
Exchange Rates at the Czech National Bank
(valid from November 15)
country currency
------------------------------------------
Australia 1 AUD 21.169
Belgium 100 BEF 86.204
Great Britain 1 GBP 44.395
Denmark 1 DKK 4.623
Finland 1 FIM 5.915
France 1 FRF 5.248
Ireland 1 IEP 44.387
Italy 1000 ITL 17.682
Japan 100 JPY 23.577
Canada 1 CAD 20.089
Luxemburg 100 LUF 86.204
Netherlands 1 NLG 15.843
Norway 1 NOK 4.231
New Zealand 1 NZD 19.104
Portugal 100 PTE 17.529
Austria 1 ATS 2.524
Greece 100 GRD 11.279
Slovakia 100 SKK 86.387
Germany 1 DEM 17.762
Spain 100 ESP 21.095
Sweden 1 SEK 4.058
Switzerland 1 CHF 21.149
USA 1 USD 26.853
ECU 1 XEU 34.083
SDR 1 XDR 38.877
CULTURE
Slovak Film Retrospective in Prague
The second retrospective show of Slovak films is being shown to
Prague in the Congress Hall of the Palace of Culture from November
11-7. The 14 films include films representing the best of Slovak
production from 1967 to the present day. The show started with
Tenderness (Neha) and Everything I Like (Vsetko, co mam rad), two films
directed by Martin Sulik, who was awarded The Czech Lion Prize for 1995
for the film he co-produced, The Garden.
The end of the show focuses on director Juraj Jakubisko, one of the
most successful Slovak directors in last decades. Also, an exclusive
first run of Eduard Grecner's Jaskov's Dream (Jaskov sen) was screened
during the show.
Michal Schindler/Jan Majer
New Musical Written by Popular Rock Musician
After successful musicals Jesus Christ Superstar, Dracula and Les
Miserables, Prague has another musical predestined for success. Czech
rock star Daniel Landa wrote both the music and libretto based on the
legend of the Pied Piper Of Hamelin (Krysar). Landa calls it a "dirty
musical," signifying its difference from other musicals, which are
mostly spectacular and expensive. The musical had its premiere at Ta
Fantastika Theater November 7.
Landa, in the past lead singer of a skinhead band, plays the leading
role, along with the participation of other popular rock singers (Lucie
Bila, Petr Janda). The soundtrack is available on CD and cassette, and
tickets to the performance cost from 190 crowns to 420 crowns.
The new musical, directed by its author and his wife Mirjam, is
considered a racy but striking work of art.
Martin Hradecky/Jan Majer
Bozena Spravcova Receives Jiri Orten Award
The Jiri Orten Award, given to the authors younger than 30, was won
by 27-year-old female poet Bozena Spravcova for her composition Excuse
(Vymluva). The board chose from 14 works.
The award was founded non-officially in 1986, and is now organized
on behalf of the city of Prague, Mlada fronta Publishing House and the
Collegium for Independent Science, Art and Education Support. Among
former award winners are Zuzana Brabcova, Tereza Bouckova, Vit
Kremlicka, Michal Viewegh and Petr Borkovec. Spravcova, who debuted with
the poetry collection Goulash from the Blue Cow (Gulas z modry kravy),
is the first poet to win.
Martin Hradecky/Katerina Zachovalova
New Film Debuts about Gypsies
The debut film of Czech director Petr Vaclav had its domestic
premiere November 13. The film, Marian, tells the story of a gypsy boy
named Marian, who grows up in a reform school and then spends time in
jail, just the logical course of his destiny. There are almost no
celebrities in the film, and the roles of gypsies are played - in the
name of realism - by amateurs. Milan Cifra, who plays the adult Marian,
was released from prison only for the making of the film. The work of
art director Ester Krumbachova is also remarkable.
The film simply reflects the situation of gypsies in the Czech
Republic, it solves nothing and doesn't moralize. Czech critics
appreciate Vaclav's debut and it has had success abroad too - Marian was
awarded the Silver Leopard Prize and Fipresci Prize at the Locarno Film
Festival.
Martin Hradecky/Jan Majer
SPORT
Czech Republic Loses Soccer World Cup Qualification Match
The Czech representation played its third World Cup qualification
match in Belgrade and lost to Yugoslavia 0-1.
The Yugoslavs scored in the 15th minute, thanks to Predrag
Mijatovic, who was much faster than the Czech defense. Czech Pavel Kuka
did not score in two good goal chances at the first half's end. After
the break, Yugoslavia could have scored several more times, but Czech
goalie Pavel Srnicek was always ready. Nor did any goals come from good
Czech pressure at the end.
The Czech Republic now has four points, after a win over Malta and
a tie with Spain, and is third behind Yugoslavia and Slovakia. The Czech
Republic will play the return match with Yugoslavia April 2.
Roman Jedlicka/Petra Sevcikova,Mirek Langer
Czech Hockey Players Last in Finland
The Karjala Cup, played between November 7-10, enlarged the Czech
hockey team's unpleasant streak to six matches without a win.
The Czechs played against Sweden November 7 and lost 1-3 after some
brave but not too smart play. Nineteen seconds to the end of November
9's match, the Czechs led Finland 3-2, but the opponent scored during
a power-play. Goalkeeper Prusek from Vitkovice made a very good
representation debut, though. The very demanding November 10 match
against Russia finished 1-3, with many lost chances.
Final standings: 1. Finland, 2. Sweden, 3. Russia, 4. Czech
Republic.
Pavel Novak/Petra Sevcikova/Mirek Langer
WEATHER
While last year it was already snowing this time, this fall seems to
improve the whole year's weather balance. At the end of the last week we
got a hard rain, but the weekend itself begged for a stroll outside. The
temperature ranges between 12 degrees to 16 degrees Celsius/54 degrees
to 62 degrees Fahrenheit. Although the sun's rays make us think it is
warm outside, there is the always unpredictable, cold air. The top of
the mountains are already white with snow.
Bohdana Rambouskova/Petra Sevcikova
English version edited by Michael Bluhm
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ANNOUNCING: The International Study Program of the Faculty of Social
Sciences. Beginning in February 1997, a one-semester English-language
program will be offered twice a year in Central and Eastern European
Studies, with a selection of courses in modern history and recent
political and economic developments in the region. Some courses are also
available in German. For further information contact Cyril Simsa at:
E-mail-- svoz@mbox.fsv.cuni.cz
Phone-- 42/2/2481 0804
Fax-- 42/2/2481 0987
When e-mailing, please include a regular mailing address so an
information packet can be sent without delay.
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