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OMICRON ECHO #16
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OMICRON ECHO 16 26. listopadu 1993
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OBSAH:
1. PRVE KROKY ZACATECNIKA V INTERNETU
2. DISKUZNI SKUPINA VIAMAIL.CZ.NET
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Vazeni pratele,
v tomto obcasniku prinasime slibene informace pro zacatecniky v INTERNETu a
CESNETu. Tyto informace jsou vytahem z pripravovaneho studijniho materialu
pro kurzy OMICRON. Cast "DISKUZNI SKUPINA VIAMAIL.CZ.NET" je mozna informacnim
prinosem v soucasne situaci, kdy e-konference NET at CS.FELK.CVUT.CZ prisla v
dusledku havarie o svuj archiv.
Vladimir Vrabec
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1. PRVE KROKY ZACATECNIKA V INTERNETU
-------------------------------------
Uzivatel, ktery zacina pouzivat INTERNET, potrebuje alespon minimum
informaci a znalosti, aby jeho snazeni bylo primerene uspesne. V dalsim
textu prinasime nekolik rad obsahujicich doporuceni pro samostudium.
Uvedene materialy jsou napsany v anglickem jazyce, jsou archivovany
v INTERNETu na nekterych pocitacich ve forme textovych souboru a jsou
verejne pristupne. Aby nase doporuceni mela vyznam i pro uzivatele, kteri
nemaji plnou internetovskou konektivitu, uvadime u techto souboru
pristupove metody zalozene pouze na pouziti elektronicke posty, na praci
"mailserveru" ruznych typu. Rada z techto souboru je oznacena zkratkou
RFC (Request for Comments) s cislem. Takto oznacene soubory patri do
soustavy internetovskych doporuceni ci norem. Z nich soubory navic oznacene
zkratkou FYI (For Your Comments) jsou urceny predevsim pro vseobecnou
informaci.
1.1 CO TO JE INTERNET
---------------------
Odpoved na tuto otazku shrnuje 11 stran RFC1462 (FYI20):
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group E. Krol
Request for Comments: 1462 University of Illinois
FYI: 20 E. Hoffman
Merit Network, Inc.
May 1993
FYI on "What is the Internet?"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Soubor lze ziskat pouzitim gophermailu. Zasleme na adresu
"gopher at gopher.vscht.cz" elektronicky dopis s obsahem (bez radku,
ktere dopis ramuji):
-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
You may edit the following two numbers to set the maximum sizes after which
GopherMail should send output as multiple email messages:
Split=27K bytes/message <- For text, bin, HQX messages (0 = No split)
Menu=100 items/message <- For menus and query responses (0 = No split)
#
Type=0
Port=70
Path=0/inetdocs/fyi/fyi20.txt
Host=ns.ripe.net
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------
Poznamka:
Zacatek dopisu az do znaku "#" lze vynechat. Pak plati implicitni hodnoty
Split=27K a Menu=100. Pokud chceme vypnout cleneni velkych souboru do serie
dopisu, staci pred znakem "#" uvest:
Split=0
Menu=0
1.2 ZAKLADNI LITERATURA O INTERNETU
-----------------------------------
Zakladni literatura o INTERNETu je obsazena na 4 stranach RFC1463 (FYI19):
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group E. Hoffman
Request for Comments: 1463 Merit Network, Inc.
FYI: 19 L. Jackson
May 1993
FYI on Introducing the Internet--
A Short Bibliography of Introductory Internetworking Readings
for the Network Novice
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Soubor lze ziskat pouzitim gophermailu podobne jako v minulem pripade
treba dopisem:
-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
#
Type=0
Port=70
Path=0/inetdocs/fyi/fyi19.txt
Host=ns.ripe.net
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------
1.3 DALSI ZAJIMAVE DOKUMENTY FYI
--------------------------------
Doporucujeme ze sady dokumentu typu FYI prostudovat jeste tyto soubory:
A. 53 stran kratkych vysvetlivek internetovskych pojmu
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group G. Malkin
Request for Comments: 1392 Xylogics, Inc.
FYI: 18 T. LaQuey Parker
UTexas
Editors
January 1993
Internet Users' Glossary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. 42 stran castych otazek zacatecniku s autoritativnimi odpovedmi
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group G. Malkin
Request for Comments: 1325 Xylogics
FYI: 4 A. Marine
Obsoletes: RFC 1206 SRI
May 1992
FYI on Questions and Answers
Answers to Commonly asked "New Internet User" Questions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oba tyto soubory ziskame analogicky jako v predchozich pripadech, pouze
za radku "Path" pouzijeme bud
Path=0/inetdocs/fyi/fyi18.txt
nebo
Path=0/inetdocs/fyi/fyi4.txt
1.4 ZEN AND THE ART OF THE INTERNET
-----------------------------------
B. Kehoe pred tim, nez rukopis sve knihy
-------
Kehoe, Brendan P. (1993) Zen and the Art of the Internet: A
Beginner's Guide, (second edition) 112 p. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
-------
vydal tiskem, zanechal v INTERNETu k dispozici uzivatelum pracovni verzi
rukopisu v elektronicke forme. Je oznacena jako "Revision 1.0 of February 2,
1992" a ma tento obsah:
Preface 1
Acknowledgements 3
1 Network Basics 5
1.1 Domains 5
1.2 Internet Numbers 7
1.3 Resolving Names and Numbers 7
1.4 The Networks 8
1.5 The Physical Connection 8
2 Electronic Mail 11
2.1 Email Addresses 11
2.1.1 %@!.: Symbolic Cacophony 11
2.1.2 Sending and Receiving Mail 12
2.1.3 Anatomy of a Mail Header 13
2.1.4 Bounced Mail 14
2.2 Mailing Lists 15
2.2.1 Listservs 16
3 Anonymous FTP 19
3.1 FTP Etiquette 19
3.2 Basic Commands 20
3.2.1 Creating the Connection 20
3.2.2 dir 21
3.2.3 cd 22
3.2.4 get and put 22
3.2.4.1 ASCII vs Binary 23
3.2.4.2 mget and mput 24
3.3 The archie Server 25
3.3.1 Using archie Today 25
3.3.2 archie Clients 26
3.3.3 Mailing archie 27
3.3.4 The whatis database 27
4 Usenet News 29
4.1 What Usenet Is 29
4.2 The Diversity of Usenet 29
4.3 What Usenet Is Not 29
4.4 Propagation of News 31
4.5 Group Creation 32
4.6 If You're Unhappy 33
4.7 The History of Usenet (The ABCs) 33
4.8 Hierarchies 34
4.9 Moderated vs Unmoderated 35
4.10 news.groups & news.announce.newgroups 36
4.11 How Usenet Works 36
4.12 Mail Gateways 37
4.13 Usenet "Netiquette" 37
4.13.1 Signatures 37
4.13.2 Posting Personal Messages 38
4.13.3 Posting Mail 38
4.13.4 Test Messages 39
4.13.5 Famous People Appearing 39
4.13.6 Summaries 39
4.13.7 Quoting 40
4.13.8 Crossposting 41
4.13.9 Recent News 41
4.13.10 Quality of Postings 41
4.13.11 Useful Subjects 42
4.13.12 Tone of Voice 42
4.13.13 Computer Religion 43
4.14 Frequently Asked Questions 43
4.14.1 The Pit-Manager Archive 43
5 Telnet 45
5.1 Using Telnet 45
5.1.1 Telnet Ports 45
5.2 Publicly Accessible Libraries 46
5.3 The Cleveland Freenet 47
5.4 Directories 47
5.4.1 Knowbot 48
5.4.2 White Pages 48
5.5 Databases 48
5.5.1 Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries (CARL) 48
5.5.2 PENpages 49
5.5.3 Clemson Univ. Forestry & Agricultural Network 49
5.5.4 University of Maryland Info Database 49
5.5.5 University of Michigan Weather Underground 50
5.5.6 Geographic Name Server 50
5.5.7 FEDIX_Minority Scholarship Information 50
5.5.8 Science & Technology Information System 51
5.5.9 Ocean Network Information Center 51
5.5.10 NASA/IPAC ExtragalacticDatabase (NED) 51
5.5.11 U.S. Naval Observatory Automated Data Service 52
6 Various Tools 53
6.1 Finger 53
6.2 Ping 54
6.3 Talk 55
6.4 The WHOIS Database 55
6.4.1 Other Uses of WHOIS 57
7 Commercial Services 59
7.1 Electronic Journals 59
7.2 Commercial Databases 60
7.3 Clarinet News 60
8 Things You'll Hear About 63
8.1 The Internet Worm 63
8.2 The Cuckoo's Egg 64
8.3 Organizations 64
8.3.1 The Association for Computing Machinery 65
8.3.2 Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility 65
8.3.3 The Electronic Frontier Foundation 66
8.3.4 The Free SoftwareFoundation 68
8.3.5 The League for Programming Freedom 68
8.4 Networking Initiatives 69
8.4.1 NREN 69
9 Finding Out More 71
9.1 Internet Resource Guide 71
9.2 Requests for Comments 71
Conclusion 73
Appendix A Getting to Other Networks 75
Appendix B Retrieving Files via Email 77
ArchiveServers 77
FTP-by-MailServers 77
Appendix C Newsgroup Creation 79
Discussion 79
Voting 79
The Result of a Vote 81
Creation of the Group 81
Glossary 83
Bibliography 91
Books 91
Periodicals & Papers 92
Index 95
Elektronickou formu tohoto rukopisu je mozne ziskat gophermailem znamym
zpusobem, dopisem na adresu "gopher at gopher.vscht.cz". Dopis bude mit obsah
(nechceme cleneni souboru o velikosti cca 190Kb do sady dopisu):
-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
Split=0
Menu=0
#
Type=0
Port=7077
Path=0/docs/introducing.the.internet/zen.txt
Host=pub.vse.cz
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------
Rukopis muzeme rovnez ziskat z "nic.merit.edu" pomoci mailserveru "nic-info".
Posleme na adresu "nic-info at nic.merit.edu" e-dopis s obsahem:
-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
get zen.txt
-------- Konec dopisu -----------
Jako odpoved ziskame dopis se souborem zen.txt.
1.5 DALSI ZAJIMAVE SOUBORY Z NIC.MERIT.EDU
------------------------------------------
Na pocitaci NIC.MERIT.EDU v adresari "introducing.the.internet" je archivovan
soubor "access.guide" o velikosti 15 Kb (Hoffman, Ellen May 1993).
Je vysledkem pracovniho usili
"User-Doc2 Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force" a "Merit
Network, Inc." Obsahuje seznam souboru doporucenych k prostudovani zacatecnikum
v Internetu. Vedle nekterych jiz nami uvedenych souboru obsahuje tento seznam
radu dalsich. Dulezite mezi nimi jsou soubory
"information.sources" - znama prehledova prace J. Decembera z dubna t.r.,
110 Kb,
"internet.basics.eric-digest" - prace od R. Tennanta ze zari t.r.(ERIC Digest),
12 Kb,
archivovane spolu s "access.guide". Lze je tedy ziskat pomoci e-posty zaslanim
e-dopisu na adresu "nic-info at nic.merit.edu" s obsahem:
-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
get access.guide
get information.sources
get internet.basics.eric-digest
-------- Konec dopisu -----------
Protoze existuje jiz nova - listopadova - verze "information.sources", ktera je
archivovana na pocitaci FTP.RPI.EDU v adresari "pub/communications" jako
soubor "internet-cmc.txt" o obsahu
Section -0- HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT
Section -1- THE INTERNET AND SERVICES
Section -2- INFORMATION SERVICES/ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS
Section -3- SOCIETIES AND ORGANIZATIONS
Section -4- NEWSGROUPS
Section -5- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Section -6- DESCRIPTION OF ITEMS,
lze doporucit tuto novou verzi. Muzeme ji ziskat nejakym "ftpmail" serverem,
treba "ftpmail at grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr", kteremu zasleme e-dopis o obsahu
-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
open ftp.rpi.edu
size 1024K
mode ascii
get pub/communications/internet-cmc.txt
-------- Konec dopisu -----------
Prikazem "size 1024K" jsme nastavili maximalni povolenou delku e-dopisu
odpovedi.
1.6 INTERNET-SERVICES
---------------------
Mezi dulezite FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions and Answers) patri
znamy Yanoffuv seznam "Special Internet Connections" (list) a Savetzuv soubor
"Internet Services Frequently Asked Questions and Answers" (faq) majici obsah
SECTION 0: THE BASICS
0.1: What is the purpose of this document?
0.2: What is alt.internet.services?
0.3: I'm new to the Internet. Where do I start?
0.4: What kind of information is on the Internet?
Why isn't there an encyclopedia on the Internet?
SECTION 1: WHAT IS...?
1.1: What is Telnet?
1.2: What is anonymous FTP?
1.3: What is Usenet?
1.4: What is finger?
1.5: What is IRC?
1.6: What is Alex/Archie/Gopher/Hytelnet/Netfind/Prospero/
Veronica/WAIS/WHOIS/WWW/X.500?
1.7: What is MUD/MUSH/MOO/MUCK/DUM/MUSE, etc.?
SECTION 2: HOW DO I...?
2.1: How do I send mail from the Internet to another network?
2.2: How do I access other systems from the Internet?
2.3: How do I contact a service provider?
2.4: How do I find out someone's e-mail address?
2.5: How do I get a name resolved?
2.6: How do I send e-mail to the White House?
2.7: How do I get stock market information?
2.8: How do I access the Library of Congress?
SECTION 3: I NEED INFORMATION ABOUT...
3.1: Where can I get Internet access in my area?
3.2: I need a BBS (on the Internet or in my area)!
3.3: Is there a list of all the Internet services?
3.4: How do I get information about the Internet online?
3.5: Are there any magazines about the Internet?
3.6: What's a good book to read for more information about the Internet?
Oba soubory jsou zahrnuty do archivu diskuzni skupiny "news.answers", ktera
obsahuje nejdulezitejsi FAQs periodicky zasilane do urcenych skupin NETNEWS
(USENET). Uplny archiv takovychto FAQs je udrzovan na RTFM.MIT.EDU v
adresari "usenet". Tedy uvedene soubory muzeme ziskat primo z toho pocitace
e-dopisem na adresu "mail-server at rtfm.MIT.EDU" s obsahem
-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
send usenet/news.answers/internet-services/list
send usenet/news.answers/internet-services/faq
-------- Konec dopisu -----------
Muzeme take vyuzit skutecnost, ze na brnenskem gopheru RHINO.CIS.VUTBR.CZ
se drzi kopie archivu skupiny "news.answers". Pak pomoci gophermailu muzeme
ziskat prvy nebo druhy soubor. Na adresu "gopher at gopher.vscht.cz" posleme
bud e-dopis
-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
Split=0
Menu=0
#
Name=faq
Type=0
Port=70
Path=ftp:rtfm.mit.edu@/pub/usenet/news.answers/internet-services/list
Host=rhino.cis.vutbr.cz
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------
nebo e-dopis
-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
Split=0
Menu=0
#
Name=list
Type=0
Port=70
Path=ftp:rtfm.mit.edu@/pub/usenet/news.answers/internet-services/faq
Host=rhino.cis.vutbr.cz
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------
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2. DISKUZNI SKUPINA VIAMAIL.CZ.NET
----------------------------------
Na gopherech "pub.vse.cz" a "vcdec.cvut.cz" se kopiruji prispevky
e-konference NET at CS.VAX.FELK.CVUT.CZ do lokalnich news, ve kterych zustavaji
cca 14 dnu jako diskuzni skupina "viamail.cz.net". Prispevky lze pouze cist,
zapsat prispevek je mozne pouze pres NET at CS.VAX.FELK.CVUT.CZ.
Pristup k "viamail.cs.net" je mozny touto postupnou volbou radek menu na
gopherskych serverech:
"pub.vse.cz" "vcdec.cvut.cz"
4. Diskusni skupiny ... 10. USENET NEWS ...
( dale spolecne volby )
21. viamail
1. cz
6. net
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Obcasniky OMICRON-ECHO vydava vyukove a poradenske sdruzeni OMICRON. Autori
souhlasi s jejich elekronickym kopirovanim a vyuzivanim vyhradne pro osobni
nevydelecnou potrebu. Zverejnovani odbornych casti obcasniku je
mozne pouze pri zachovani uplnosti textu a s uvedenim autorske citace. Jine
vyuziti podminuji autori svym souhlasem.
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