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NL-KR Digest Volume 06 No. 39
NL-KR Digest (Tue Oct 3 11:39:15 1989) Volume 6 No. 39
Today's Topics:
morphological analyzer for English
Help on Discourse and Anaphora Rep.
Abstracts from Third JETAI
7th Intl Conference on Machine Learning
Biotech/AI Seminar 10/3/89
Announcement: Knowledge Acquisition WS
Speech Act Interpretation: ...(Unisys AI Seminar)
CSLI Calendar, 28 September 1989, vol. 5:2
Submissions: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Requests, policy: nl-kr-request@cs.rpi.edu
Back issues are available from host archive.cs.rpi.edu [128.213.1.10] in
the files nl-kr/Vxx/Nyy (ie nl-kr/V01/N01 for V1#1), mail requests will
not be promptly satisfied. If you can't reach `cs.rpi.edu' you may want
to use `turing.cs.rpi.edu' instead.
BITNET subscribers: we now have a LISTSERVer for nl-kr.
You may send submissions to NL-KR@RPIECS
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-----------------------------------------------------------------
To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 89 16:38 EST
From: KROVETZ@cs.umass.EDU
Subject: morphological analyzer for English
Professor Choueka recently asked about the availability of morphological
analyzers for English. There is one that is part of the Alvey toolkit,
which also includes a GPSG parser, grammar, and lexicon. The toolkit
is written in Common Lisp and costs 500 pounds for academic use. The
following article describes the morphology component:
Ritchie G., Pulman S., Black A., and Russell G., ``A Computational
Framework for Lexical Description'', Computational Linguistics,
Vol. 13, No. 3-4, 1987
You can obtain more information and an application form by writing to:
Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute
University of Edinburgh
80 South Bridge
Edinburgh EH1 1HN
U.K.
ph. 44-031-225 4464
-bob
krovetz@cs.umass.edu
------------------------------
To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 89 10:16:33 -0500
From: gkp@mentor.cc.purdue.edu (gkp)
Subject: Help on Discourse and Anaphora Rep.
I am going to write my Master's thesis about discourse representation and
anaphora resolution, with emphasis on the point that the former is a
prerequisite for the latter. My plan is to implement a kind of experimental
"discourse workbench" that maintains syntactic and semantic information,
focus sets, co-reference constraints, etc. - If there is time left afterwards,
I shall move to the actual process of anaphora resolution, using a blackboard
approach with hypotheses of antecedent assignments that are to be evaluated
against each other. So far my ambitions...
In case anybody is working in this or a related area, or has heard about
somebody else working on it - I am grateful for every hint, since I would
not like to ponder questions that have already been answered elsewhere.
/| /|
/ | / |anfred Stede, gkp@mentor.cc.purdue.edu
/ |/ |
------------------------------
To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
From: cfields@NMSU.Edu
Date: Sat, 30 Sep 89 15:39:02 MDT
Subject: Abstracts from Third JETAI
The following are abstracts of papers appearing in the third issue
of the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial
Intelligence, to appear in April, 1989.
For submission information, please contact either of the editors:
Eric Dietrich Chris Fields
PACSS - Department of Philosophy Box 30001/3CRL
SUNY Binghamton New Mexico State University
Binghamton, NY 13901 Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001
dietrich@bingvaxu.cc.binghamton.edu cfields@nmsu.edu
JETAI is published by Taylor & Francis, Ltd., London, New York, Philadelphia
_________________________________________________________________________
Consequences of nonclassical measurement for the algorithmic
description of continuous dynamical systems.
Chris Fields, Computing Research Lab, New Mexico State University, Las
Cruces, NM 88003-0001, USA
Continuous dynamical systems intuitively seem capable of more complex
behavior than discrete systems. If analyzed in the framework of the
traditional theory of computation, a continuous dynamical system with
countably many quasistable states has at least the computational power
of a universal Turing machine. Such an analysis assumes, however, the
classical notion of measurement. If measurement is viewed
nonclassically, a continuous dynamical system cannot, even in
principle, exhibit behavior that cannot be simulated by a universal
Turing machine.
__________________________________________________________________________
Principles of continuous analogical reasoning.
Thomas Eskridge, Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State
University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001, USA
This paper presents evidence supporting the view of analogical
reasoning as a continuous process. The phrase continuous analogical
reasoning refers to the continuous flow of information between the
three stages in analogical reasoning: selection, mapping, and
evaluation. This paper presents the motivations behind the
development of the continuous analogical reasoning approach, along
with evidence of the interactions between stages from the
psychological community. Implications for discrete analogical
reasoning systems are discussed. The implementation of a continuous
analogical reasoning system called ASTRA is presented and discussed in
terms of the interactions between the stages.
_________________________________________________________________________
Philosophical issues in Edelman's neural darwinism
R. J. Nelson, Department of Philosophy, Gerald Edelman's Neural
Darwinism advances an hypothesis that the brain develops
epigenetically in the individual according to principles of natural
selection operating over populations of neuronal groups. The central
idea is that the organism does not adapt to a pre-categorized world,
but generates categories (for instance for visual recognition) that
have survival value. Hence, it is argued, brain process-development
cannot be modeled by instructionist - program-driven sequential
processes - methods. AI must therefore fail in principle in
attempting to explain cognitive processes.
The alternative is the parallel, distributed processing model, which
must be subject to evolutional change and devoid of precategorization
or based on assumptions of a pre-labelled world.
In the present paper I argue that computational models are not limited
to sequential programs, but that embodied algorithms as are realized
in hardware and probably in neural circuits do afford adequate models.
Thus there is no principled reason for adoption of nondigital models,
although Edelman is right about conventional AI, which uses free
sequential algorithms.
I conclude by remarking that semantical and intentional properties of
the mind/brain cannot be modeled by the type of parallel connectionist
system that Edelman advocates, but requires computational (recursive)
models.
________________________________________________________________________
OSCAR: A general theory of rationality.
John Pollack, Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona, Tucson,
AZ 85721 USA
The enterprise is the construction of a general theory of rationality,
and its implementation in an automated reasoning system called OSCAR.
The paper describes a general architecture for rational thought. This
includes both theoretical reasoning and practical reasoning, and
builds in important interconnections between them. It is urged that a
sophisticated reasoner must be an introspective reasoner, capable of
monitoring its own reasoning and reasoning about it. An introspective
reasoner is built on top of a nonintrospective reasoner that
represents the system's default reasoning strategies. The
introspective reasoner engeges in practical reasoning about reasoning
in order to override these default strategies. The paper concludes
with a discussion of some aspects of the default reasoner, including
the manner in which reasoning is interest driven, and the structure of
defeasible reasoning.
________________________________________________________________________
The a priori meaningfulness measure and resolution theorem proving.
Joseph Fulda* and Kevin De Fontes**, *Department of Biomathematical
Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA;
**Hofstra University, New York, USA
(No abstract available)
__________________________________________________________________________
------------------------------
To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
From: ml90@cs.utexas.edu (B. Porter and R. Mooney)
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 89 13:45:37 CDT
Subject: 7th Intl Conference on Machine Learning
SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE
LEARNING: CALL FOR PAPERS
The Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning will be
held at the University of Texas in Austin during June 21--23,
1990. Its goal is to bring together researchers from all
areas of machine learning. The conference will include
presentations of refereed papers, invited talks, and poster
sessions. The deadline for submitting papers is February 1,
1990.
REVIEW CRITERIA
In order to ensure high quality papers, each submission will
be reviewed by two members of the program committee and
judged on clarity, significance, and originality. All sub-
missions should contain new work, new results, or major extensions
to prior work. If the paper describes a running system, it
should explain that system's representation of inputs and outputs,
its performance component, its learning methods, and its evalua-
tion. In addition to reporting advances in current areas of
machine learning, authors are encouraged to report results on
exploring novel learning tasks.
SUBMISSION OF PAPERS
Each paper must have a cover page with the title, author's
names, primary author's address and telephone number, and an
abstract of about 200 words. The cover page should also give
three keywords that describe the research. Examples of keywords
include:
PROBLEM AREA GENERAL APPROACH EVALUATION CRITERIA
Concept learning Genetic algorithms Empirical evaluation
Learning and planning Empirical methods Theoretical analysis
Language learning Explanation-based Psychological validity
Learning and design Connectionist
Machine discovery Analogical reasoning
Papers are limited to 12 double-spaced pages (including figures
and references), formatted with twelve point font. Authors
will be notified of acceptance by Friday, March 23, 1990 and
camera-ready copy is due by April 23, 1990.
Send papers (3 copies) to: For information, please contact:
Machine Learning Conference Bruce Porter or Raymond Mooney
Department of Computer Sciences ml90@cs.utexas.edu
Taylor Hall 2.124 (512) 471-7316
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas 78712-1188
------------------------------
To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 89 9:59:07 EDT
From: Fran Lewitter <lewitter@BBN.COM>
Subject: Biotech/AI Seminar 10/3/89
**** NOTE ROOM CHANGE ****
Joint Biotechnology and
Artificial Intelligence
Seminar Series
BBN Laboratories
Science Development Program
Topic: PRODIGY: An Integrated Reasoning Architecture
Speaker: Jaime Carbonell, Ph.D.
Department of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon University
and member of the NIH Genome Advisory Committee
Location: Conference Center, Room F
10 Fawcett Street, Cambridge
Date & Time: Tuesday October 3, 1989 - 3 pm
Abstract: Integrated reasoning architectures are the major intellectual focus
of Artificial Intelligence research at Carnegie Mellon University, with
Newell's SOAR, Mitchell's THEO, Carbonell's PRODIGY, and VanLehn's TETON. The
presentation focuses on the PRODIGY architecture and its component parts: the
universal problem solver, the explanation-based learning method, the
abstraction learner for hierarchical planning, the derivational analogy
case-builder, and the experimentation module. Examples are drawn from several
application domains, such as machine-shop scheduling, robotic planning and
specialized domains such as telescope making. It is argued that PRODIGY can
provide a flexible substrate for the next generation of knowledge-based systems
in planning-intensive tasks. If time permits, the presentation will address
implementation issues, such as fast matching algorithms for large knowledge
bases, and the utility of this technology beyond PRODIGY (e.g. to aspects of
bibliographic matching, and human-genome sequence matching).
------------------------------
To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
From: wntrmute@cmx.npac.syr.edu (Jim Brule)
Newsgroups: comp.ai
Subject: Announcement: Knowledge Acquisition WS
Keywords: Knowledge Acquisition, Expert Systems
Date: 26 Sep 89 21:28:28 GMT
Reply-To: jfbrule@rodan.acs.syr.edu (Jim Brule)
Strategies for Knowledge Acquisition
1990 Winter Workshop
January 22 - 25, 1990
Minnowbrook Conference Center
Blue Mountain Lake, NY
Sponsored by:
Coherent Research, Inc.
and
New York State Center for Advanced
Technology in Computer Applications and
Software Engineering at Syracuse University
Syracuse, NY
"Strategies for Knowledge Acquisition" is a workshop
designed to give the knowledge engineer a pragmatic
understanding of the problems of knowledge engineering,
along with the tools and techniques for their solution.
This hands-on workshop presents a theoretic framework
based on the cybernetics of human interaction within
which the knowledge acquisition relationship can be
understood and predicted. It then proceeds to deliver
practical methods for meeting the everyday concerns of
knowledge engineers:
* establishing a productive environment for knowledge
acquisition
* enhancing the opportunities for uncovering knowledge
of which the domain expert is not fully aware
* generating the richest set of information possible
* dealing with contradictory information
* translating the acquired knowledge into a useful form
* creating the best organizational chances for the
project to succeed
In order to provide the greatest potential benefit, the
workshop incorporates individual practice of the tools,
techniques, and concepts presented. Upon completion, the
student will have gained an understanding of both the
principles underlying knowledge acquisition and the
practical tools and techniques required to apply these
principles to the building of expert systems in
operational applications.
Attendees should be individuals who have built, or are
preparing to build, expert systems involving knowledge
to be acquired from human experts. Other individuals who
are already familiar with the issues of expert systems
from an academic standpoint are encouraged to attend.
This workshop has been presented throughout the United
States and England. The instructors are experienced in
the problems of knowledge acquisition from a diverse set
of perspectives. Mr. Brule' has led the development of
successful expert systems many fields (including
medical, financial, and nursing care) using the
techniques which led to this workshop. Dr. Blount has
been applying the cybernetics of human systems to
organizations, groups, families, and individuals for
nearly a decade. Their text, "Knowledge Acquisition"
(McGraw-Hill, 1989), will be distributed as part of the
workshop.
Workshop Schedule:
=================
Monday Afternoon:
- ---------------
Introduction
The case for a Cybernetic/Psychological study of the
human expert
The Theory of Cybernetics
Cybernetics and Human Systems
Levels of Learning
Coding / Representation of Abstract Learning
Tuesday:
- ------
The Dynamics of the Knowledge Acquisition Relationship
Fundamentals
Establishing a Productive Context
Pitfalls in Interviewing Experts
Practical Techniques
Practice
Assessment
Metaphor
Relevance of Metaphor to Knowledge Acquisition
Metaphor in non-Poetic Discourse
Metaphor in Building the Knowledge Acquisition
Relationship
Metaphor in Hypothesis Generation
Practical Techniques
Practice
Assessment
Wednesday:
- --------
Organization of the Knowledge Acquisition Session
Planning
Orientation
Development of Structure
Elicitation of Specifics
Practice
Assessment
Special Concerns
The Value of Conflicting Information
The Use of Multiple Experts
Validation and Verification
Tools & Techniques
Practice
Assessment
Integration
The Knowledge Template
The Knowledge Acquisition Team
The Organizational Context of Knowledge Acquisition
Tools & Techniques
Practice
Assessment
Thursday Morning:
- ---------------
Summary
Practical Applications
Future Directions
=================
Accomodations and Travel
The Minnowbrook Conference Center is one of the elegant
Adirondack "Camps" located on Blue Mountain Lake in the
high-peaks region of the Adirondack Mountains. Recently
renovated, the main lodge offers year-round services in
a relaxed setting with modern amenities. Winter sports
opportunities abound nearby, including downhill and
cross-country skiing,and exhilirating hikes through the
mountainous region. Minnowbrook itself has a recreation
center, which is made exclusively available to workshop
attendees. Ample opportunities for relaxing and
establishing cameraderie are provided in the schedule.
All meals, lodging, and workshop materials are included
in the fee. Minnowbrook is best reached through Syracuse
Airport, from where ground transportation to Blue
Mountain Lake can be easily arranged.
=================
Registration Form
Name:
Title:
Organization:
Address:
City/State/Zip:
Phone:
EMail:
Fees:
Until After
11/1/89 11/1/89
$650 $750
(Includes meals, lodging, and all workshop materials).
Please make check payable to:
Coherent Research, inc.
Return payment and form to:
Strategies for Knowledge Acquisition
Coherent Research, Inc.
100 East Washington Street
Syracuse, NY 13202
(315) 426-0929
jfbrule@rodan.acs.syr.edu
------------------------------
To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Date: Mon, 2 Oct 89 23:00:35 -0400
From: finin@PRC.Unisys.COM
Subject: Speech Act Interpretation: ...(Unisys AI Seminar)
AI SEMINAR
UNISYS PAOLI RESEARCH CENTER
Speech Act Interpretation:
Linguistic Structure meets Knowledge Representation
James F. Allen
University of Rochester
One of the crucial problems facing natural language research is the
interpretation of language in context. This requires not only
sophisticated systems to analyze the underlying structure of language,
but also the representation of general knowledge about the world, and
the modelling of natural inference processes. In this talk I will look
at one particular problem that requires both structural constraints
and inference in order to identify the correct interpretation, namely
the identification of the intentions of the speaker. This area of
research often falls under the heading of indirect speech act
recognition. I will argue, however, that the distinction between
literal speech acts and indirect speech acts is impossible to make,
since both notions depend critically on contextual interpretation. I
will then describe a system that uses syntactic and semantic clues to
the speech act as well as inferential processes embodying the context,
to produce a range of acceptable interpretations.
11:00am October 6
BIC Conference Room
Unisys Paoli Research Center
Route 252 and Central Ave.
Paoli PA 19311
-- non-Unisys visitors who are interested in attending should --
-- send email to finin@prc.unisys.com or call 215-648-7446 --
------------------------------
To: nl-kr@cs.rpi.edu
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 89 16:43:15 PDT
From: ingrid@russell.Stanford.EDU (Ingrid Deiwiks)
Subject: CSLI Calendar, 28 September 1989, vol. 5:2
C S L I C A L E N D A R O F P U B L I C E V E N T S
_____________________________________________________________________________
28 September 1989 Stanford Vol. 5, No. 2
_____________________________________________________________________________
A weekly publication of the Center for the Study of Language and
Information (CSLI), Ventura Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4115
____________
CSLI ACTIVITIES FOR THIS THURSDAY, 28 SEPTEMBER 1989
12:00 noon TINLunch
Cordura 100 Document Image Analysis by Tree Structure Model
Y. Nishimura, T. Takahashi, and Y. Kobayashi
ATR Communication Systems Research Laboratories
(nisimura@atr-sw.atr.co.jp)
Abstract in last week's Calendar
2:15 p.m. CSLI Seminar
Cordura 100 Models of Rational Agency
First meeting
Michael Bratman, Martha Pollack, Stan Rosenschein
(bratman@csli.stanford.edu,
pollack@warbucks.ai.sri.com, stan@teleos.com)
Abstract in last week's Calendar
CSLI ACTIVITIES FOR NEXT THURSDAY, 5 OCTOBER 1989
12:00 noon TINLunch
Cordura 100 Logical Form and the Identity of Events
Stephen Neale
Visiting Scholar, Princeton University
(neale@csli.stanford.edu)
Abstract in next week's Calendar
2:15 p.m. CSLI Seminar
Cordura 100 Models of Rational Agency 2
Michael Bratman, Martha Pollack, Stan Rosenschein
(bratman@csli.stanford.edu,
pollack@warbucks.ai.sri.com, stan@teleos.com)
Abstract below
3:30 p.m. Tea
Cordura 117 There will be a beginning-of-the-quarter tea
(second lounge) so that new visitors and students may meet "old"
CSLI-ites.
____________
ANNOUNCEMENT
This fall, the STASS Seminar will be oriented towards introducing
people to post-SITUATIONS AND ATTITUDES developments in situation
theory, and nonlinguistic applications thereof. Meetings will be held
(some) Tuesdays, 3:15-5:05, starting 3 October, in Cordura 100. Those
who plan to attend the meetings should get a copy of THE SITUATION IN
LOGIC, by Jon Barwise, available at the Stanford Bookstore and other
bookstores. Related class: Linguistics 223, "Topics in Semantics,"
Nerbonne and Halvorsen, TTh 1:15-2:45, e229.
____________
NEXT WEEK'S CSLI SEMINAR
Models of Rational Agency 2
Michael Bratman, Martha Pollack, Stan Rosenschein
We will discuss a model of practical reasoning that is intended to
provide part of an answer to the challenge of resource limitations.
In this model, the mental attitudes of belief and desire are not seen
as sufficient for explaining rational behavior: instead, intentions
and plans play a central role.
------------
STASS SEMINAR
Organizational and Introductory Remarks
David Israel and John Perry
Tuesday, 3 October 1989, 3:15-5:05
Cordura 100
This is an organizational meeting. Attendees should bring their copy
of Barwise's THE SITUATION IN LOGIC.
------------------------------
End of NL-KR Digest
*******************
