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NL-KR Digest Volume 02 No. 04
NL-KR Digest (1/26/87 12:01:22) Volume 2 Number 4
Today's Topics:
Theoretical framework for modelling resource allocation.
Seminar - Formal Theories of Action (SU)
From CSLI Calendar, January 22, No.13
Attention, Intention, and the Structure of Discourse (AT&T)
A Four-Valued Semantics for Terminological Logics (AT&T)
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Date: 20 Jan 87 11:55 PST
From: Gail Slemon <sigart@LOGICON.ARPA>
Subject: Theoretical framework for modelling resource allocation.
We are looking for a theoretical (cognitive science) framework
for modelling a resource allocation problem for training purposes.
Has anyone applied Jens Rasmussen's theory to training? We'd
appreciate critiques of his theory. Any other candidates or
suggestions are very welcome!
Please reply to: sigart@logicon.arpa
or
Gail Slemon
c/o Logicon, Inc.
P.O. Box 85158
San Diego, CA 92138-5158
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Date: 17 Jan 87 2119 PST
From: Vladimir Lifschitz <VAL@SAIL.STANFORD.EDU>
Subject: Seminar - Formal Theories of Action (SU)
[Excerpted from AIList]
Commonsense and Nonmonotonic Reasoning Seminar
FORMAL THEORIES OF ACTION
Vladimir Lifschitz
Thursday, January 22, 4pm
Bldg. 160, Room 161K
We apply circumscription to formalizing reasoning about the effects
of actions in the framework of situation calculus. An axiomatic description
of causal connections between actions and changes allows us to solve the
qualification problem and the frame problem using only simple forms of
circumscription.
In this talk the method is illustrated by constructing a
circumscriptive theory of the blocks world in which blocks can be moved
and painted. We show that the theory allows us to compute the result of
the execution of any sequential plan.
------------------------------
Date: Wed 21 Jan 87 17:24:47-PST
From: Emma Pease <Emma@CSLI.STANFORD.EDU>
Subject: From CSLI Calendar, January 22, No.13
Tel: (415) 723-3561
[Excerpted from CSLI Calendar]
THIS WEEK'S TINLUNCH
Reading: "Pragmatics and Modularity"
by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber
Discussion led by Gary Holden
January 22
In this paper (which is a summary of some of the ideas from their 1986
book "Relevance: Communication and Cognition" Harvard University
Press) Wilson and Sperber argue that utterance interpretation is not
mediated by special-purpose pragmatic rules and principles such as
Grice's Conversational Maxims. In what is claimed to be a more
psychologically plausible theory, only one principle is needed -- the
principle of relevance -- which exploits the fact that humans are
innately wired to extract relevant information from the environment. A
wide range of phenomena is amenable to explanation in this framework
including disambiguation, reference assignment, enrichment,
conversational implicature, stylistic effects, poetic effects,
metaphor, irony, and speech acts.
------------------------------
From: allegra!dlm
Date: Wed, 21 Jan 87 11:40:20 est
Subject: Attention, Intention, and the Structure of Discourse (AT&T)
Talk Announcement:
Title: Attention, Intention, and the Structure of Discourse
Speaker: Barbara Grosz
Affiliation: Harvard University
Date: January 22, 1987
Location: AT&T Bell Laboratories - Murray Hill
Sponsors: Julia Hirshberg, Diane Litman
Abstract:
A new theory of discourse structure which emphasizes the role of purpose and
processing in discourse is discussed. In this theory, discourse consists of
three separate but interrelated components: linguistic structure, attentional
structure, and intentional structure. Distinction among these components is
critical to explaining phenomena such as cue phrases, referring expressions
and interruptions.
------------------------------
From: allegra!dlm
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 87 10:46:34 est
Subject: A Four-Valued Semantics for Terminological Logics (AT&T)
Talk Announcement:
Title: A Four-Valued Semantics for Terminological Logics
Speaker: Peter F. Patel-Schneider
Affiliation: Schlumberger Palo Alto Research
Date: Monday, February 2, 1987
Location: AT&T Bell Laboratories - Murray Hill 3D-473
Sponsor: Ron Brachman
Abstract:
Terminological logics (also called frame-based description languages)
are a clarification and formalization of some of the ideas underlying
semantic networks and frame-based systems. The fundamental
relationship in these logics is whether one concept (frame, class) is
more general than (subsumes) another. This relationship forms the
basis for important operations, including recognition, classification,
and realization, in knowledge representation systems incorporating
terminological logics.
However, determining subsumption is computationally intractable under
the standard semantics for terminological logics, even for languages
of very limited expressive power. Several partial solutions to this
problem are used in knowledge representation systems, such as NIKL,
that incorporate terminological logics, but none of these solutions
are satisfactory if the system is to be of general use in representing
knowledge.
A new solution to this problem is to use a weaker, four-valued
semantics for terminological logics, thus legitimizing a smaller set
of subsumption relationships. In this way a computationally tractable
knowledge representation system incorporating a more expressively
powerful terminological logic can be built.
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End of NL-KR Digest
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