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Alife Digest Number 100
Alife Digest, Number 100
Tuesday, April 20th 1993
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~ Artificial Life Distribution List ~
~ ~
~ All submissions for distribution to: alife@cognet.ucla.edu ~
~ All list subscriber additions, deletions, or administrative details to: ~
~ alife-request@cognet.ucla.edu ~
~ All software, tech reports to Alife depository through ~
~ anonymous ftp at ftp.cognet.ucla.edu in ~ftp/pub/alife (128.97.50.19) ~
~ ~
~ List maintainers: Liane Gabora and Rob Collins ~
~ Artificial Life Research Group, UCLA ~
~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Today's Topics:
Calendar of Alife-related Events
Metamuse: Autocatalytic Set Theory for Music Composition
CALL FOR PAPERS: Applications of Neural Networks to Telecommunications
ICGA5 Announcement and Registration Form
World Congress on Neural Networks
Preprints Available On-line
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Tue, 20 Apr 93 18:08:48 -0700
From: liane@CS.UCLA.EDU (Liane Gabora)
Subject: Calendar of Alife-related Events
**********************************************************************
BEAM Robot Olympics, Toronto Canada Apr 22-25, 1993 v81
Workshop On Computational Neurosciences, Austin, TX May 14-15, 1993 v94
European Conf on ALife, Brussels May 24-26, 1993 v82
Intnl Workshop Neural Networks, Barcelona Spain June 9-11, 1993 v76
World Congress on Neural Networks, Portland, OR July 11-15, 1993 v95
Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology, Washington July 7-9, 1993 v84
Fifth Intnl Conf on GAs, Urbana-Champaign IL July 17-22, 1993 v80,100
Dynamically Interacting Robots Workshop Late Aug, 1993 v91
Neural Networks and Telecommunications, Princeton, NJ October 18-20,1993 v100
Neural Information Processing Systems, Denver, CO Nov 29-Dec 2, 1993 v98
Congress on Medical Informatics, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sept 9-14, 1995 v91
(Send announcements of other activities to alife@cognet.ucla.edu)
**********************************************************************
------------------------------
From: eiverson@NMSU.Edu
Date: Tue, 13 Apr 93 09:15:38 MDT
Subject: Metamuse: Autocatalytic Set Theory for Music Composition
Below is an article coming out in Discover detailing work I did on
metamuse: a program which applies autocatalytic set theory techniques
to algorithmic music composition. Given that this article is aimed at
a broad-audience, I think it turned out OK. But some of the quotes
seem a little weird out of context. Anyway, if nothing else it's more
exposure for A-Life and Computer Music.
COMPUTERWATCH
Metamusic
By Carl Zimmer
Copyright Discover, May 1993
reprinted by permission
commercial redistribution prohibited
You are what you eat, and Eric Iverson's artificial-life program eats
Bach (or Gillespie, or Abdul). Then it spits out a new piece of music.
Ever since Pythagoras made numerical sense of octaves, fifths, and
fourths, mathematicians have been stumbling onto hidden patterns in
music. Over the centuries a few people have even tried to act on those
discoveries and compose music mathematically. Nowadays that means
using computers. One popular method is to generate notes randomly and
then sort through them with an artificial-intelligence program--a set
of general rules embodying the programmer's vision of what makes music
musical. Eric Iverson of New Mexico State University has an altogether
different approach. He uses artificial life to tear an existing piece
of music apart, digest it, and assemble the pieces into a new
composition.
The term artificial life covers a wide range of computer programs that
create simple "automata," give them a few rules to follow about how
they interact, and let them go about their business. In 1986
theoreticians at the Santa Fe Institute found that an artificial-life
program could simulate a living metabolism, in which a few chemicals
acting as enzymes digest other molecules and reassemble them into
different ones in complicated cycles.
At the time, Iverson was a computer science graduate student at New
Mexico State, with long-standing but uncoupled interests in artificial
life and computer-generated music. When he read about the metabolism
program, the proverbial light bulb went on in his head. If you think
of the notes that make up a piece of music as a chain of chemicals, he
realized, you could design an artificial-life program to metabolize it
and create a new piece.
In 1990 Iverson went to the annual A-life conference at Santa Fe and
told the experts about his idea. Though far from orthodox themselves,
they thought he was crazy. He persevered, however, and the result is a
music-metabolizing program called Metamuse.
When fed a piece of music--its usual meal is no more than a page
long--Metamuse randomly extracts a string of four notes. That string
serves as a digestive enzyme: it seeks out the same sequence of notes
in the rest of the composition and cuts the composition in two in the
middle of that sequence. The enzyme is rewarded by being allowed to
reproduce itself, and the two copies then search for more matches.
Whenever an enzyme reproduces, though, it has a small chance of
mutating--of having one or more of its notes changed. Eventually,
then, a bunch of different enzymes are at work, digesting and
reproducing.
The digestive process stops when the entire composition has been
reduce to a pool of fragments roughly the size of the enzymes
themselves. Now Metamuse goes into reverse. The fragments reassemble
themselves, each one looking for two other fragments to stitch
together end-to-end. The sequence AABB, for instance, may link DFAA
and BBDC into DFAABBDC. Once again a sequence that catalyzes a
reaction is rewarded by being allowed to copy itself, and once again
it is subject to mutation.
All in all, Metamuse is designed to preserve patterns in the music (by
not cutting the fragments too small and by allowing the enzymes to
copy themselves) while introducing novelty (by allowing for mutation
and by stitching the fragments together in a different order). And
since the program doesn't contain rules about what makes music good,
Iverson can let it eat any style he wants.
"About a third of the time you get something you really like, and
two-thirds of the time it goes off into the ozone," he says. "I gave
it some songs by Paula Abdul to get the ultimate pop song, but the
best I got was something that sounded like a bad marching-band
rehearsal." Given a snippet of a Bach prelude or a Dizzy Gillespie
solo, however, Metamuse creates music that has structure and that
preserves, at least to some extent, the spirit of the
original--although the regurgitated Bach has twentieth century angst.
Ultimately, Iverson would like to turn Metamuse into a composer's
idea-generating sidekick. Such software already exists in the
artificial-intelligence format, but it is limited to a particular
style of music. "That type of program has a rigid, centralized
control," says Iverson. "This is a lot more fun to play around with.
It will surprise you more."
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Eric Iverson Internet: eiverson@nmsu.edu
Computing Research Lab
Box 30001/3CRL Life is something to do when
New Mexico State University you can't get to sleep.
Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001 -Fran Lebowitz
VOICE: (505) 646-5856
FAX: (505) 646-6218
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 14 Apr 93 10:20:57 BST
From: jfernand@bt-sys.bt.co.uk (Jose Fernandez-Villacanas)
*******************************************************************************
***** CALL FOR PAPERS *****
***** International Workshop on Applications *****
***** of Neural Networks to Telecommunications *****
***** *****
***** Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ October 18-20,1993 *****
*******************************************************************************
You are invited to submit a paper to an international workshop on applications
of neural networks to problems in telecommunications.
The workshop will be held in Princeton, New Jersey on October, 18-20, 1993.
The workshop will bring together active researchers in neural networks with
potential users in the telecommunications industry in a forum of discussion of
application issues. Applications will be identified, experiences shared, and
directions for future work explored.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suggested topics:
Application of Neural Networks in:
Network Management Dynamic Routing
Congestion Control Software Reliability
Adaptive Equalization Fraud Detection
Speech Recognition Finalcial and Marker Prediction
Security Verification Adaptive User Interfaces
Language ID/Trasnslation Fault Identification and Prediction
Information Filtering Character Recognition
Adaptive Control Data Compression
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
For further information please contact:
Betty Greer
Bellcore, MRE 2P-295
445 South St.
Morristown, NJ07960
(201)829-4993
(fax)829-5888
bg1@faline.bellcore.com
===============================================================================
------------------------------
Subject: ICGA5 announcement and registration form
Date: Fri, 16 Apr 93 07:59:03 -0600
From: Robert Elliott Smith <rob@comec4.mh.ua.edu>
Announcement and Registration Form:
ICGA-93
The Fifth International Conference on
Genetic Algorithms
17-21 July, 1993
University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
The Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms (ICGA-93), will be
held on July 17-21, 1993 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
This meeting brings together an international community from academia,
government, and industry interested in algorithms suggested by the
evolutionary process of natural selection. Topics of particular interest
include: genetic algorithms and classifier systems, evolution strategies,
and other forms of evolutionary computation; machine learning and
optimization using these methods, their relations to other learning
paradigms (e.g., neural networks and simulated annealing), and mathematical
descriptions of their behavior.
The meeting will include pre-conference tutorials, invited speakers, and
workshops.
A registration form is included below.
For more ICGA-93 registration information, contact:
Lori Costello
Conferences & Institutes
Univ. of Illinois
302 E. John St.
Suite 202, Champaign, IL 61820
Telephone: (217) 333-2888
E-Mail: loric@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu
Questions on the conference program should be directed to
icga93@unmvax.cs.unm.edu.
Other questions should be directed to rob@comec4.mh.ua.edu.
Tutorials--Levis Faculty Center
ICGA '93 will begin with the presentation of three parallel tutorial
sessions. Conference attendees may attend one of these sessions for a
supplementary fee (see registration form).
Tutorial 1: Introduction to Genetic Algorithms
Overview of Genetic Algorithms (90 minutes), Melanie Mitchell--
What genetic algorithms are; how, why, and by whom they were invented; how
and why they work; comparisons with other algorithms; how to find out more
about the genetic algorithm field; foundations of GA theory; genetic
algorithms and artificial life; partial bibliography.
Genetic Algorithm Applications (90 minutes), Lawrence Davis--
What kind of real-world problems are appropriate for genetic algorithms;
design choices that must be made when applying genetic algorithms to real
problems; partial survey of existing applications; partial survey of
existing tools; some case histories.
Tutorial 2: Advanced Genetic Algorithm Topics
Genetic Algorithm Theory (90 minutes), Darrell Whitley--
The schema theorem and its ramifications; deception; recent approaches to
the study of genetic algorithm performance; recent approaches to the study
of genetic algorithm failure.
Classifier Systems and Modeling (90 minutes), Rob Smith--
Introduction to classifier systems; recent advances in classifier system
theory and practice; classifier systems as modeling tools; genetic
algorithms and neural networks; genetic algorithms and artificial life.
Tutorial 3: Spotlighted Technologies
Evolutionary Programming (45 minutes), David Fogel--
Description and overview of evolutionary programming; history of the field;
relation of evolutionary programming to biological evolution; theoretical
aspects of the field; survey of existing applications.
Evolution Strategies (45 minutes),
Thomas Back--
Description and overview of evolution strategies; comparison with other
technologies; engineering solutions with evolution strategies; survey of
existing applications.
Genetic Programming (90 minutes),
John Koza--
Description and overview of genetic programming; example applications;
future directions; brief video demonstrations.
TENTATIVE SCHEDULE:
Saturday, July 17, 1993
12-3:00 pm Registration
Levis Faculty Center
1-5:00 pm Tutorials
Levis Faculty Center
7:00 pm Reception/Registration
Levis Faculty Center
Sunday, July 18, 1993
8am-5:00 pm Registration
Krannert Center (KCPA)
8:30-9:00 am Coffee
KCPA
9-10:15 am Invited Speaker
KCPA
10:15-11 am Break
KCPA
11-12:30 pm Technical Sessions
KCPA/Levis
12:30-2 pm Lunch
KCPA
2-3:30 pm Technical Sessions/ Registration
Levis
3:30-4 pm Break
Levis
4-5:30 pm Technical Sessions
Levis
7:00 pm Banquet
Chancellor Hotel
1501 S. Neil, Champaign
Monday, July 19, 1993
8am-5:00 pm Registration
KCPA
8:30-9:00 am Coffee
KCPA
9-10:15 am Invited Speaker
KCPA
10:15-11 am Break
KCPA
11-12:30 pm Technical Sessions
KCPA/Levis
12:30-2 pm Lunch
KCPA
2-3:30 pm Technical Sessions/
Registration
Levis
3:30-4 pm Break
Levis
4-5:30 pm Technical Sessions
Levis
7:00 pm Poster Session
Levis
Tuesday, July 20, 1993
8:30-9:00 am Coffee
KCPA
9-10:15 am Invited Speaker
KCPA
10:15-11 am Break
KCPA
11-12:30 pm Technical Sessions
KCPA/Levis
12:30-2 pm Lunch
KCPA
2-3:30 pm Technical Sessions
Levis
3:30-4 pm Break
Levis
4-5:30 pm Technical Sessions
Levis
Wednesday, July 21, 1993
8:30-9:00 am Coffee
Levis
9-10:30 am Technical Sessions
Levis
10:30-11 am Break
Levis
11-12:30 pm Technical Sessions
Levis
12:30-2 pm Break
Levis
2-3:30 pm Business Meeting
Levis
Invited Speakers
David Campbell, Head, Dept. of Physics, University of Illinois. Topic:
Dynamical Systems and Evolution
John Holland, Professor, Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan.
Topic: Using The Schema Theorem To Counter Hitchhiking And Premature
Convergence
Gunter Wagner, Professor, Dept. of Biology, Yale University. Topic:
Evolutionary Biology
Papers (preliminary list)
Erik R. Altman, "A Novel Methodology Using Genetic Algorithms for the
Design of Caches and Cache Replacement Policy"
Peter J. Angeline, "Competitive Environments Evolve Better Solutions for
Complex Tasks"
Thomas Back, "Optimal Mutation Rates in Genetic Search"
Jerzy W. Bala, "Learning to Detect Targets Using Scale-Space and Genetic
Search"
David Beasley, "Reducing Epistasis in Combinatorial Problems by Expansive
Coding"
Pierre Bonelli, "A New Approach to Fuzzy Classifier Systems"
Ralph Bruns, "Direct Chromosome Representation and Advanced Genetic
Operators for Production Scheduling"
Helen G. Cobb, "Genetic Algorithms for Tracking Changing Environments"
Yuval Davidor, "The ECOlogical Framework II: Improving GA Performance With
Virtually Zero Cost"
Lawrence Davis, "A Genetic Algorithm for Survivable Network Design"
Fred F. Easton, "A Distributed Genetic Algorithm for Employee Staffing and
Scheduling Problems"
Larry J. Eshelman, "Crossover's Niche"
Andrew Fairley, "An Investigation into Possible Causes of, and Solutions
to, Rule Strength Distortion in the Bucket Brigade"
David S. Feldman, "Fuzzy Network Synthesis and Genetic Algorithms"
Stuart J. Flockton, "Pole-Zero System Identification Using Genetic
Algorithms"
Carlos Fonseca, "Genetic Algorithms for Multiobjective Optimization:
Formulation, Discussion and Generalization"
David E. Goldberg, "Mixing in Genetic Algorithms"
David E. Goldberg, "Rapid, Accurate Optimization of Difficult Problems
Using Fast Messy Genetic Algorithms"
V. Scott Gord, "Serial and Parallel Genetic Algorithms as Function
Optimizers"
Frederic Gruau, "Genetic Synthesis of Modular Neural Networks"
H. Altay Guvenir, "A Genetic Algorithm for Classification by Feature
Partitioning"
Raphael T. Haftka, "Genetic Algorithms for Placing Actuators on Space
Structures"
Inman Harvey, "The Puzzle of the Persistent Question Marks: A Case Study of
Genetic Drift"
Abdollah Homaifar, "A New Approach on the Traveling Salesman Problem by the
Genetic Algorithms"
Jeffrey Horn, "Finite Markov Chain Analysis of Genetic Algorithms with
Niching"
Shu-Yuen Hwang, "A Genetic Algorithm with Disruptive Selection"
Hitoshi Iba, "System Identification using Structured Genetic Algorithms"
Terry Jones, "Reverse Hillclimbing, Genetic Algorithms and the Busy Beaver
Problem"
Kate Juliff, "A Multi-chromosome Genetic Algorithm for Pallet Loading"
Bryant A. Julstrom, "A Genetic Algorithm for the Rectilinear Steiner
Problem"
Michelle D. Kidwell , "Using Genetic Algorithms to Schedule Distributed
Tasks on a Bus-Based System"
Kenneth E. Kinnear, Jr., "Generality and Difficulty in Genetic Programming:
Evolving a Sort"
Michael Lee, "Dynamic Control of Genetic Algorithms Using Fuzzy Logic
Techniques"
David M. Levine, "A Genetic Algorithm for the Set Partitioning Problem"
Mauro Manela, "Fitting Spline Functions to Noisy Data Using a Genetic Algorithm"
Raul San Martin, "Genetic Algorithms for the Optimization of Integrated
Circuits Synthesis"
Tsutomu Maruyama, "A Fine-Grained Parallel Genetic Algorithm for
Distributed Parallel Systems"
Laurence D. Merkle, "Comparison of Parallel Messy Genetic Algorithm Data
Distribution Strategies"
Robert R. Meyer, "A Genetic Algorithm for Diversity Minimization and Its
Parallel Implementation"
Byung R. Moon, "Hyperplane Synthesis for Genetic Algorithms"
Toshinori Munakata, "A Genetic Algorithm Applied to the Maximum Flow
Problem"
Jim Oliver, "Discovering Individual Decision Rules: An Application of
Genetic Algorithms"
Norihiko Ono, "A Genetic Algorithm for Channel Routing Problem"
Francesco Palmieri, "Diversification Role of Crossover in the Genetic
Algorithms"
L.M. Patnaik, "Binomially Distributed Populations for Modelling GAs"
W.F. Punch, "Further Research on Feature Selection and Classification Using
Genetic Algorithms"
Nicholas J. Radcliffe, "A Study in Set Recombination"
Connie Loggia Ramsey, "Case-Based Initialization of Genetic Algorithms"
Colin Reeves, "Using Genetic Algorithms with Small Populations"
Gary Roberts, "Dynamic Planning for Classifier Systems"
Steve G. Romaniuk, "Evolutionary Growth Perceptions"
Peter Ross, "A Promising GA Approach to Job-Shop Scheduling and
Re-Scheduling Problems"
J. David Schaffer, "Designing Multiplierless Digital Filters Using Genetic
Algorithms"
Michael J. Shaw, "Joint Lot Sizing and Sequencing with Genetic Algorithms
for Scheduling: Evolving the Chromosome Structure"
Man-Tak Shing, "Genetic Algorithms for the Development of Real-Time
Multi-Heuristic Search Strategies"
Marc Shoenauer, "Constrained GA Optimization"
R. Shonkwiler, "Parallel Genetic Algorithms"
Michael M. Skolnick, "Using Genetic Algorithms in Engineering Design
Optimization with Non-Linear Constraints"
Alice E. Smith, "Genetic Optimization Using A Penalty Function"
William Spears, "On the State of Evolutionary Computation"
Joe Suzuki, "A Markov Chain Analysis on A Genetic Algorithm"
Walter Alden Tackett, "Genetic Programming for Feature Discovery and
Image Discrimination"
Dr. David M. Tate, "Expected Allele Coverage and the Role of Mutation"
Sam R. Thangiah, "Vehicle Routing and Time Deadlines Using Genetic and
Local Algorithms"
Bruce Tidor, "An Analysis of Selection Procedures with Particular Attention
Paid to Proportional and Boltzmann Selection"
Shigeyoshi Tsutsui, "Forking Genetic Algorithm with Blocking and Shrinking
Modes (FGA)"
Kirk Twardowski, "Credit Assignment for Pole Balancing with Learning
Classifier Systems"
Ron Unger, "A Genetic Algorithm for 3D Protein Folding Simulations"
Thomas Uthmann, "Training Kohonen Feature Maps in Different Topologies: an
Analysis Using Genetic Algorithms"
Benjamin W. Wah, "Scheduling of Genetic Algorithms in a Noisy Environment"
Roger L. Wainwright, "Multiple Vehicle Routing with Time and Capacity
Constraints Using Genetic Algorithms"
Hirokazu Watabe, "A Study on Genetic Shape Design"
Willfried Wienholt, "An Advanced Genetic Algorithm for Parameter
Optimization Problems"
Peter Willett, "Searching Databases of Two-Dimensional and
Three-Dimensional Chemical Structures Using Genetic Algorithms"
Jing-Jye Yang, "Query Optimization in Information Retrieval Using Genetic
Algorithms"
Xiaodong Yin, "A Fast Genetic Algorithm with Sharing Scheme Using Cluster
Analysis Methods in Multimodal Function Optimization"
Byoung-Tak Zhang, "Genetic Programming of Minimal Neural Nets Using Occam's
Razor"
Raed Abu Zitar, "Regulator Control via Genetic Search Assisted
Reinforcement Learning"
Posters (preliminary list)
Fabrizio Baiardi, "Nested Hybrid Genetic Algorithms for System
Configuration and Program Mapping in Massively Parallel Systems"
Ellie Baker, "Evolving Line Drawings"
Wolfgang Banzhaf, "Genetic Programming for Pedestrians"
Rik Belew, "Evolving Aesthetic Sorting Networks Using Developmental
Grammars"
Susan E. Carlson, "A Comparative Evaluation of Search Methods Applied to
Catalog Selection"
Hugh M. Cartwright, "The Application of the Genetic Algorithm to Two-Dimensional Strings: The
Source Apportionment Problem"
Joseph C. Culberson, "Crossover Versus Mutation in the De Jong Functions:
Fueling the Debate: TGA versus GIGA"
Fikret Ercal, "Genetic Algorithms for Vertex Splitting in DAGs"
David Fan, "GADELO: A Multi-Population Genetic Algorithm Based on Dynamic
Exploration of Local Optima"
Terence C. Fogarty, "Reproduction, Ranking, Replacement and Noisy
Evaluations: Experimental Results"
Takeshi Furuhashi, "A Proposal of Hierarchical Fuzzy Classifier Systems"
Inman Harvey, "Genetic Convergence in a Species of Evolved Robot Control
Architectures"
Brynn Hibbert, "Display of Chemical Structures in Two Dimensions and the
Evolution of Molecular Recognition"
Akio Ishiguro, "A Genetic Algorithms' Application to Inverse Problems in
Electromagnetics"
Takashi Iwamoto, "Topological Aspects of Genetic Algorithms"
Antonia J. Jones, "A Schemata Theorem for Trees"
Hillol Kargupta, "Information Transmission in Genetic Algorithm and
Shannon's Second Theorem"
Hiroaki Kitano, "A Hybrid Search for Genetic Algorithms: Combining Genetic
Algorithms, TABU Search, and Simulated Annealing"
Luis R. Lopez, "Inverse Relationship Between Complexity and Probability of
Full Deception in Trap Functions"
Sushil J. Louis, "Pareto Optimality, GA-Easiness and Deception (Extended
Abstract)"
Heinz Muhlenbein, "Optimal Interaction of Mutation and Crossover in the
Breeder Genetic Algorithm"
R. Maenner, "Parallel Execution of Sequentially Coded Standard Genetic
Algorithms on the NERV Multiprocessor"
Samir W. Mahfoud, "Simple Analytical Models of Genetic Algorithms for
Multimodal Function Optimization"
Vittorio Maniezzo, "Granularity Evolution"
Andras Markus, "Dual Insights into Genetic Algorithms"
Melanie Mitchell, "When Will a Genetic Algorithm Outperform Hill-Climbing?"
Masaharu Munetomo, "An Efficient Migration Scheme for Subpopulation-Based
Asynchronously Parallel Genetic Algorithms"
David Orvosh, "Shall We Repair? Genetic Algorithms, Combinatorial
Optimization, and Feasibility Constraints"
Kihong Park, "A Lower-Bound Result on the Power of Genetic Algorithms"
Sandip Sen, "Improving Classification Accuracy through Performance History"
Robert E. Smith, "Adaptively Resizing Populations: An Algorithm and
Analysis"
Graham Spencer, "Automatic Generation of Programs for Crawling and Walking"
Chuen-Tsai Sun, "Using Genetic Algorithms in Structuring a Fuzzy Rulebase"
Hans-Michael Voigt, "Multivalued Evolutionary Algorithms"
Michael D. Vose, "The Genetic Algorithm Fractal"
Darrell Whitley, "Toward Models of Island and Cellular Parallel Genetic
Algorithms"
Masayuki Yanagiya, "A Simple Mutation-Dependent Genetic Algorithm"
Bernard P. Zeigler, "Asynchronous Genetic Algorithms on Parallel Computers"
ICGA-93 Conference Committee:
Conference Co-Chairs: David E. Goldberg, Univ. of Illinois at
Urbana- Champaign; J. David Schaffer, Philips Labs
Publicity: Robert E. Smith, Univ. of Alabama
Program Chair: Stephanie Forrest, Univ. of New Mexico
Financial Chair: Larry J. Eshelman, Philips Labs
Local Arrangements: David E. Goldberg, Univ. of Illinois at
Urbana- Champaign
Financial supporters:
Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval
Research Laboratory; Philips Laboratories, North American Philips
Corporation
GENERAL INFORMATION
Location: The conference will be held at two locations on the University
of Illinois campus--the Krannert Center for the Performing Arts located at
500 South Goodwin, Urbana, and the Levis Faculty Center located at 919 West
Illinois, Urbana (directly east of Krannert).
ICGA '93 is a non-smoking conference. Smoking is allowed in designated
areas only.
Transportation: Champaign-Urbana is located 135 miles south of Chicago on
Interstates 72, 74, and 57.
By Car:
>From Chicago: Take I-57 south to I-74 east which runs along the north edge
of Champaign-Urbana. Take the Lincoln Avenue exit south. Once you reach
campus, turn right on Illinois Street. Campus Parking: Pay parking is available in the lot adjacent to the Levis Faculty Center and
under the Krannert Center (both accessible from Illinois Street). Do not
park in any area marked "reserved" as campus parking is enforced and you
will be towed.
By Air:
>From Champaign-Urbana's Willard Airport:
Currently, American Airlines' American Eagle Service, Trans World Express,
and US Air Express serve Willard Airport. Corky's Limousine Service is
available and meets all incoming flights. The cost from Willard to most
hotels in Champaign-Urbana is $8. If you need to contact Corky's, you may
call 217/352-3121.
By Train:
AMTRAK service is also available from Chicago and points south.
Weather: The weather in Illinois can vary to extremes. Please be prepared
to dress in layered, cool clothing as July is normally hot (80 - 100 ) and
very humid. Rain wear is also suggested.
On-Campus Recreation: If you wish to take advantage of the recreation
facilities on campus, you may purchase an IMPE
(Intramural-Physical Education) pass for $5 per day upon showing your name
badge at each recreation facility.
Messages: If someone needs to reach you during the conference, they may
call the Levis Faculty Center at 217/333-6241 and leave a message. A
message board will be placed at this conference site.
Lodging: Accommodations may be obtained at the following hotels/motels. A
shuttle service will be available for
transportation from your hotel to/from the conference sites. All hotel
reservations should be made in advance by telephoning
or writing the individual hotels. Be sure to mention that you are
attending the Genetic
Algorithms conference, as a block of rooms has been reserved for those
attending this conference. We have listed the special conference rates
beside the hotel/motel. Make your reservations early as the block of rooms
will be released for "first come, first serve" reservations after June 16,
1993.
Jumer's Castle Lodge
209 S. Broadway
Urbana, IL 61801
Located about 1/4 mile
from the campus. Within
brisk walking distance.
Toll free 800/285-8637
Single Double
$60.00 $70.00
Plus tax Plus tax
University Inn
302 E. John Street
Champaign, IL 61820
Located about 1/2 mile
from the campus. Within
brisk walking distance.
217/384-2100;
Toll free 800/252-1368 in Illinois;
Toll free 800/322-8282 outside IL
Single Double
$54.00 $61.00
Plus tax Plus tax
Travelodge
409 W. University
Urbana, IL 61801
Located about 1 mile
from the campus.
Toll free 800/255-3050
Single Double
$33.00
Plus tax
Campus Inn-University (Days Inn)
1701 S. State
Champaign, IL 61820
Located about 1 mile
from the campus
217/359-8888
Single Double
$30.00 $35.00
Plus tax Plus Tax
King or Queen
Busey-Evens Dormitory
1111 West Nevada
Urbana, IL 61801
Located on campus
217/333-1766
$23.15
Plus tax
Community Bath
Registration Fee: Registrations received before 6/12/93 are $250 for
participants and $100 for students. All registrations received on or after
6/12/93 and walk-in registrations at the conference will be $295 for
participants and $125 for students. This includes entry to all technical
sessions, 3 lunches, coffee breaks, reception Saturday evening, conference
materials, and conference proceedings. Attendee and guest tickets for the
banquet and guest tickets for the Sunday reception may be purchased at an
additional cost (see attached registration form). Also, there is a
separate fee for the tutorials.
A limited fund has been set aside to assistant students and scientists with
their travel expenses. Students should have their advisor certify their
student status and that sufficient funds are not available. If you are
interested in obtaining such assistance and need travel support, send a
letter before May 22, 1993 describing your situation and needs to: Larry
Eshelman, Philips Laboratories, 345 Scarborough Road, Briarcliff Manor, NY
10510. Address questions to: lje@philabs.philips.com.
To Register: Early registration is recommended. There are four ways you
may register. Complete and mail the attached form or phone (217)244-7659 to register.
Please be sure to call our office if your
registration may be late in arriving. You may also FAX your registration
to (217)333-9561. You may receive an e-mail registration by contacting
loric@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu If you register by phone, fax, or e-mail, please
remember to send a copy of the registration form with your payment to the
Accounting Business Office within one week. Should you have additional
questions, please call Lori Costello at 217/333-2888 or e-mail
loric@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu.
---------------------------------------------
REGISTRATION FORM:
The 5th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
July 17-21, 1993
UFAS Acct. #1-3-63141-0660
Four Easy Ways To Register
1. Fill out the form and mail with payment to: University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign Accounting Business Office, Room 162 Henry Administration
Building, 506 South Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801.
2. Call 217-244-7659 and the registration team will take your registration
over the phone.
3. Call 217-333-9561 to FAX your registration.
4. E-mail: receive an e-mail form by contacting loric@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu. The
deadline for e-mail registrations and to receive all e-mail registration
fees is July 9, 1993.
IF YOU REGISTER BY PHONE, FAX, OR E-MAIL: Please remember to send a hard copy
of the registration form with your payment to the Accounting Business Office
within one week of registration.
Registration/Badge Information
Please print or type
__________________________________________________________________
Last Name First Name MI
__________________________________________________________________
Affiliation/Business
__________________________________________________________________
Address
__________________________________________________________________
City State Zip
__________________________________________________________________
Country
__________________________________________________________________
Business Phone Home Phone
REGISTRATION FEES: (all figures in US Dollars)
Indicate your selection
Conference Registration Fee
Registration before 6/12/93 On or after 6/12/93
Participant $250 Participant $295
Student* $100 Student* $125
Tutorial for July 17
Before 6/12/93 On or after 6/12/93
Participant $75 Participant $95
Student $25 Student $50
Please specify choice:
Tutorial I:__________ Tutorial II: __________ Tutorial III: __________
Banquet Tickets**
Adult $30 # of tickets_______ amount_______
Child $10 # of tickets_______ amount_______
Additional Reception Tickets**
Saturday $10 # of tickets_______ amount_______
Total Payment ________________________(U.S. Dollars)
Method of Payment
______ Check enclosed (make payable to the University of Illinois, US banks
only, send check with form to Accounting Business Office)
______ I prefer to charge on credit card
Visa______ Mastercard______ American Express______
Card Number__________________________________ Exp. Date__________
Card Holder Signature______________________________________________
*Students must have university student ID at registration
**Please purchase additional tickets now---you will be unable to buy them
upon arrival
PLEASE MAIL THIS FORM WITH YOUR PAYMENT TO:
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Accounting Business Office, Room 162
Henry Administration Building
506 South Wright Street
Urbana, IL 61801
------------------------------
From: mathiak@mailhost.sysc.pdx.edu
Subject:
Date: Mon, 19 Apr 93 21:24:06 PDT
-------------------------------------------------------------------
The World Congress on Neural Networks will be held in
Portland, Oregon, July 11-14, 1993 (Oregon Convention Center).
In this posting we provide:
* the e-mail version of our registration form,
* information about tutorials/sessions being planned,
about housing and about WCNN'93 proceedings.
More detailed information about WCNN'93 will be sent with the
registration receipt. Quick information is available via e-mail
regarding housing, papers, registration, sessions and tutorials
at the following e-mail addresses:
housing@wcnn93.ee.pdx.edu
papers@wcnn93.ee.pdx.edu
registration@wcnn93.ee.pdx.edu
sessions@wcnn93.ee.pdx.edu
tutorials@wcnn93.ee.pdx.edu .
We are looking forward to seeing you at the conference!
Sincerely,
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Prof. George G. Lendaris email: lendarisg@wcnn93.ee.pdx.edu
General Chair FAX: (503) 725-4882
Portland State University
Portland, Oregon 97207
-------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1 -
World Congress on Neural Networks 1993, Portland
REGISTRATION FORM
=================
Reg. Fee Reg. Fee Reg. Fee
before before after
Jan 15,93 Jun 15,93 Jun 15, 93
INNS or Cooperating
Society Member $175.00 $270.00 $350.00 $ ...........
Society Member Number: ...................
Non-Members $275.00 $370.00 $450.00 $ ...........
(Includes 1993 INNS membership and 1 year subscription
of the INNS journal Neural Networks)
Full-Time Student $50.00 $75.00 $95.00 $ ...........
(Student registration and verification from department
chairman required.)
Spouse/Guest $50.00 $60.00 $70.00 $ ...........
TUTORIAL REGISTRATION
=====================
(Fee includes 4 tutorials, notes on all tutorials and lunch)
(Please circle 4 preferences, see list below:
A B C D E F G H I J K )
Members or
Non-Members $225.00 $295.00 $345.00 $ ...........
Student $50.00 $75.00 $95.00 $ ...........
(Student registration and verification from department
chairman required.)
TOTAL $
======================
Please print or type:
Name: ...............................................................
(As you would like to appear on badge)
Title: ........................ Organization: .......................
(As you would like to appear on badge)
Adress: .............................................................
City: ................... State: ..... Zip: ........ Country: .......
Bus.Tel: ....................... FAX: ...............................
Spouse/Guest Name (if fee paid): ....................................
(Complete only if paying the Spouse/Guest Registration fee -
includes 2 receptions only)
- 2 -
IMPORTANT: Please indicate any disability for special assistance
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
Unless the INNS is advised prior to the meeting of any special
requirements, we cannot guarantee that service will be available.
Please complete this form and return it with check or money order to:
Attention: WCNN'93 Portland
Meeting Registration
875 Kings Highway, Suite 200
West Deptford, NJ 08096
Tel: (609) 845-1720
FAX: (609) 853-0411
Checks must made payable in US Dollars and issued by a US correspon-
dent bank. Each registrant is responsible for any bank charges. Check
with your local bank before processing payment.
Credit Card Information: .... I wish to pay for my fees by credit card.
Circle one: Visa Master Card
Account #: ............................ Expiration Date: ............
Signature: ..........................................................
Tutorials will be offered on Sunday, July 11, 1993. Each two
hour tutorial will be offered twice.
A. Cognitive Neuroscience (Robert Desimone)
B. Structural and Mathematical Approaches to Signal Processing (S.Y. Kung)
C. Adaptive Resonance Theory (Gail Carpenter)
D. Practical Applications of Neural Network Theory (Robert Hecht-Nielsen)
E. Cognitive Science (David Rumelhart)
F. Neural Fuzzy Systems (Fred Watkins)
G. Neurobiology and Chaos (Walter Freeman)
H. Neural Control and Robotics (Michael Kuperstein)
I. Neural Computation and VLSI (Eric Schwartz)
J. Biological Vision (V.S. Ramachandran)
K. Supervised Learning (Hal White)
!!! ATTENTION !!!
If you must cancel your registration, all requests must be received in
writing by Ms. Connie Rebert, Registration Supervisor, 875 Kings High-
way, Suite 200, West Deptford, NJ 08096, no later than Monday, June 1,
1993. All fees paid will be refunded minus a $30.00 processing fee.
THERE WILL BE NO REFUNDS AFTER THE JUNE 1ST DEADLINE.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
You may make a hardcopy of this form and mail it to the above address.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
World Congress on Neural Networks 1993, WCNN'93
Portland, Oregon, Convention Center
July 11-15, 1993
TUTORIALS
=========
Tutorials will be offered on Sunday, July 11, 1993. Each two
hour tutorial will be offered twice.
A. Cognitive Neuroscience
(Robert Desimone, National Instituteof Mental Health)
B. Structural and Mathematical Approaches to Signal Processing
(S.Y. Kung, Princeton University)
C. Adaptive Resonance Theory
(Gail Carpenter, Boston University)
D. Practical Applications of Neural Network Theory
(Robert Hecht-Nielsen, HNC Corporation)
E. Cognitive Science
(David Rumelhart, Stanford University)
F. Neural Fuzzy Systems
(Fred Watkins, HyperLogic Corporation)
G. Neurobiology and Chaos
(Walter Freeman, University of California)
H. Neural Control and Robotics
(Michael Kuperstein, Symbus Technology)
I. Neural Computation and VLSI
(Eric Schwartz, Vision Applications)
J. Biological Vision
(V.S. Ramachandran, University of California)
K. Supervised Learning
(Hal White, University of California)
We are pleased to announce that in addition to the main program, we
will be offering special tracks in conjunction with the Society of
Manufacturing Engineers on Manufacturing (SME/INNS Track).
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
World Congress on Neural Networks 1993, WCNN'93
Portland, Oregon, Convention Center
July 11-15, 1993
SESSIONS
========
Plenary Speakers include:
* Federico Faggin, Real-Time-On-Chip Learning in Analog VLSI Networks
* Stephen Grossberg, 3-D Vision and Figure-Ground Pop-Out
* Bart Kosko, Neural Fuzzy Systems
* Kumpati Narendra, Intelligent Control Using Neural Networks
* Wolf Singer, Coherence as an Organizing Principal of Cortical
Function
Session Topics | Session Chairs
----------------------------------------------------------------
- Applications | J. Dayhoff, R. Hecht-Nielsen
- Associative Memory | J. Andersen, J. Taylor
- Biological Sensory-Motor Control| A. Barto, S. Kelso
- Biological Vision | C. Malsburg, V.S. Ramachandran
- Cognitive Neuroscience | R. Desimone, L. Optician
- Electro-Optical Neurocomputers | L. Giles, H. Szu
- Intelligent Neural Systems | S. Grossberg, D. Levine
- Local Circuit Neurobiology | J. Byrne, J. Houk
- Machine Vision | R. Chellappa, K. Fukushima
- Neural Fuzzy Systems | W. Daugherty, B. Kosko
- Neurodynamics | S. Amari, H. White
- Pattern Recognition | T. Kohonen, D. Specht
- Robotics and Control | M. Kuperstein, K. Narendra
- Signal Processing | S.Y. Kung, B. Widrow
- Speech and Language | M. Cohen, D. Rumelhart
- Supervised Learning | L. Cooper, P. Werbos
- Unsupervised Learning | G. Carpenter, E. Oja
(TENTATIVE)
PROPOSED SESSION SCHEDULE
=========================
The numbers associated with sessions refer to the list on the
registration form.
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
7/11/93 7/12/93 7/13/93 7/14/93 7/15/93
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Morning Sessions, starting 8:00 am
Tutorials (1) (10) (3) (8)
Biological Cognitive Speech and Pattern
Vision Neuro- Language Recognition
science
(17) (16) (5) (14)
Applications Associative Robotics and Neurodynamics
Memory Control
SME/INNS (17) (6) (4)
Track Applications Supervised Biological
Learning Sensory Motor
Afternoon Sessions, starting 1:30 pm
(11) (7) (6) (13)
Intelligent Unsupervised Supervised Signal
Neural Learning Learning Processing
Systems
(12) (9) (2) (15)
Neural Local Curcuit Machine E-O Neuro-
Fuzzy Neurobiology Vision Computers
Systems
IFSA/INNS
Track
Plenary Talks
Kosko Grossberg Reception
Narendra Faggin Gov't Panel
SIG Meeting
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
World Congress on Neural Networks 1993, Portland
HOUSING
=======
Housing application forms will be sent to each registrant. In the
mean time for your information the following are the room rates at
the hotels that are holding blocks of rooms for the WCNN'93.
1) Conference Headquarter Hotel (walking distance to convention
center):
Red Lion/Lloyd Center
$110.00 1-2 people, $15.00 each additional person
2) Other hotels within walking distance :
Best Western/Convention Center
$74.00 Flat Rate
Holiday Inn/Downtown
$72.00 1-2 people, $10 each additional person
3) Downtown Hotels (short ride on light rail train [called MAX]):
Hilton Hotel
$104.00 1-2 people, $20 each additional person
Marriott Hotel
$116.00 Flat Rate
If you wish to reserve a room before you receive the registration,
or if need further information about the Portland metropolitan
area, please contact:
Portland Oregon Visitor Association (POVA)
Attention: Silvia Robles, Housing Department
26 SW Salmon
Portland, OR 97204
STUDENT HOUSING
===============
For July 11-14, 1993, there is still a limited number of rooms
for students available:
- Montgomery Hall, PSU Campus
- single rooms
- prices: $18.00 without meal
$34.00 with meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner)
- deposit: one night stay (send check in $US or VISA number to
address below)
! PLEASE NOTE: !
! All requests for student housing MUST BE PROCESSED BEFORE !
! MAI 31, 1993. There is NO DEPOSIT REFUND for cancellations !
! after MAI 31, 1993. !
For reservation and information please contact
WCNN'93, Student Housing
Systems Science PhD Program
Portland State University
Portland, OR 97201-0751
USA
Phone : (503) 725-4961
FAX : (503) 725-4882
e-mail: housing@wcnn93.ee.pdx.edu
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
World Congress on Neural Networks 1993, Portland
PROCEEDINGS
===========
1) The WCNN`93 proceedings will be available to all
WCNN'93 attendies at the Oregon Convention Center.
2) After the WCNN`93 the proceedings will be mailed to all
who did register but could not attend.
3) The WCNN`93 proceedings will be available and mailed
to requestors who did not register. The price has not
been established yet.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 20 Apr 1993 17:14:30 +1000
From: David G Green <David.Green@anu.edu.au>
Subject: Preprints now available on-line
Australian National University Bioinformatics Facility (ANUBF)
--------------------------------------------
PREPRINTS AVAILABLE ON-LINE
--------------------------------------------
Title Complex Systems: From Biology to Computation
Editors David G. Green and Terry J. Bossomaier
Publisher IOS Press, Amsterdam
Date 1993
Preprints of papers published in the above book are now
available on-line from the ANU's LIFE information server.
Complex systems are systems dominated by second-order
effects - non-linearity or interactions between components.
The theme of this volume - "from biology to computation" -
reflects trends that have been apparent in recent years in
both biology and computer science. The organization of papers
reflects the dual notions of life as natural computation
and computation as artificial life. The papers are organized
loosely into four sections: "Life - natural and artificial",
"Fractals and chaos", "Information and control", and
"Emergent computation - natural and artificial"
The contents (including page numbers) are as follows:
LIFE: NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL
Paulien Hogeweg (pp. 2-11)
As large as life and twice as natural:
Bioinformatics and the artificial life paradigm
Doug Seeley and Simon Ronald (pp. 12-23)
The emergence of connectivity and fractal time in the
evolution of random digraphs
David G. Green (pp. 24-35)
Emergent behaviour in biological systems
John Watterson (pp. 36-45)
The wave-cluster model of water-protein interactions
Paul-Michael Agapow (pp. 46-54)
Computer viruses: the inevitability of evolution?
Tony Roberts and Mark Knackstedt (pp. 55-68
Pattern formation in physical and biological growth
Ann Preece and Craig Johnson (pp. 69-81)
Recovery of model coral communities: complex behaviour
from parameters operating at different spatial scales
Pedro Paulo Balbi de Oliveira (pp. 82-96)
Methodological issues within a framework to support a
class of artificial life worlds in cellular automata
Zoran Aleksic (pp. 97-104)
Computation in inhomogeneous cellular automata
FRACTALS, CHAOS AND NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS
Neville Fletcher (pp. 106-117)
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in musical instruments
Jon McCormack (pp. 118-130)
Interactive evolution of L-system grammars for
computer graphics modelling
Mark Knackstedt and Muhammad Sahimi (pp. 131-140)
The effect of permeability heterogeneity on
viscous fingers in porous media
Jacques Blanc-Talon (pp. 141-152)
Recognition and generation of fractal patterns
by using syntactic techniques
Dominique Luzeaux (pp. 153-151)
>From beta-expansions to chaos and fractals
Keith Tognetti and Graham Winley (pp. 162-172)
The uniform emergence of points on a circle
Margot Lyon (pp. 173-180)
Complexity and emergence: the seduction and reduction
of non-linear models in the social sciences
JeanPierre Paillet (pp. 181-192)
Steps to an ecology of form
Thomas Kirk and Gwidon W. Stachowiak (pp. 193-208)
Fractal computer image analysis of particle morphology
INFORMATION AND CONTROL (pp. 209ff)
Kit Dampney, Michael S.J. Johnson and Paul Deuble (pp. 210-222)
Taming large complex information systems
Clive Cooper (pp. 223-231)
Complexity in C3I systems
Andrew Finegan (pp. 232-241)
Soft systems methodology: an alternative approach to
knowledge elicitation onm complex and poorly defined systems
George M. Bryan and Wayne E. Moore (pp. 242-247)
A self-organizing load balancing system
Tim Payne (pp. 248-259)
Central fusion of sensor information using reasoned feedback
Patrick Fu and John P. Barford (pp. 260-270)
Reduction of modelling error of complex biosystems by an AI approach
EMERGENT COMPUTATION: NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL
Geoffrey Fox (pp. 272-287)
Advances in parallel computing
Hong Xie (pp. 288-300)
Parallel algorithms for the distance embedding problem
Abdesselam Bouzerdoum (pp. 301-312)
Convergence of symmetric shunting competitive neural networks
Jonathon Baxter (pp. 313-326)
The evolution of learning algorithms for artificial neural networks
David Howard and William Moran (pp. 327-340)
Self-annealing when learning a markov random field image model
Tony Burkitt (pp. 341-350)
External inputs to attractor neural networks
David Cake (pp. 351-360)
Computer simulation of plasticity in the primary motor cortex
Terry Bossomaier, Jevan Pipitone and Geoff Stuart (pp. 361-371)
Neural dynamics in biological visual information processing
______________________________________________________________
You can access the above papers as follows ...
FTP
Use ftp to connect to our server life.anu.edu.au
Use the login name "anonymous" and your email address as the
password.
The papers, all in postscript format, are held in the directory
/pub/complex_systems/anu92/papers .
Abstracts are held in the folder: /pub/complex_systems/anu92/abstracts
GOPHER
Point your gopher client software at this address:
Name=BioInformatics gopher at ANU
Host=life.anu.edu.au
Type=1
Port=70
Path=1/complex_systems/anu92
Select "papers" to see a list of authors; select "abstracts"
to see abstracts of the papers.
WORLD WIDE WEB
Point your client software at this URL:
http://life.anu.edu.au:80/
IMPORTANT NOTE
At this stage few papers are readable interactively.
However all manuscripts are available in postscript format
(up to 5 Mbytes) and should be downloaded for printing.
ABOUT ANU'S BIOINFORMATICS FACILITY
The Australian National University's BioInformatics Facility is
a small group of researchers and programmers located within the
Research School of Biological Sciences. Its network information
services (FTP, Gopher, WWW) provide thematic information on a
wide range of topics including: biodiversity, biomathematics &
biostatistics, complex systems, landscape ecology, molecular
biology, neurosciences, viruses, and global monitoring.
________________________________________________________________
For further information contact:
name Dr David Green
address BioInformatics Facility
Research School of Biological Sciences
Australian National University
GPO Box 475
Canberra 2601 AUSTRALIA
email david.green@anu.edu.au
phone 61-6-249-2490 or 61-6-249-5031
fax 61-6-249-4437
------------------------------
End of ALife Digest
*******************
