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AIList Digest Volume 5 Issue 003
AIList Digest Thursday, 8 Jan 1987 Volume 5 : Issue 3
Today's Topics:
Queries - Prediction of Actions & Reasoning Under Uncertainty &
AI in Space Applications & Educational Material on AI &
Reviewers for New Review Journal in AI &
Reviewers for Methodologies for Studying Human Knowledge
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Date: 6 Jan 87 16:17 PST
From: zilberg.pasa@Xerox.COM
Subject: Query: goals based prediction
I am looking for pointers to
a. publications on intelligent prediction of a human object's actions
basing on his goals
b. an introdution literature on reasoning under uncertainty
Anna Zilberg
Zilberg.pasa@Xerox
Xerox Artificial Intelligence Systems
250 North Halstead Street, MS 432,
Pasadena, CA 91109
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 5 Jan 87 10:24:29 GMT
From: Ann Macintosh <alm%aiva.edinburgh.ac.uk@Cs.Ucl.AC.UK>
Subject: AI in Space Applications
Request for Information
AI in Space Applications
The AI Applications Institute at University of Edinburgh has recently been
awarded a grant by the UK Science and Engineering Research Council to look
at AI systems for a Technology Proving Satellite Study (T-SAT).
The proposed work is to consider two areas of application of AI for a
spacecraft: mission operation systems (MOS) and an on-board AI
technology demonstrator (O-BAIT).
One part of the study is a survey of previous and on-going research and
development of AI techniques related to spacecraft (ground-based and
on-board). We are now looking to complete our survey and in this
context I would appreciate any information on current work in this area
or surveys carried out.
Those that contribute significantly to our study will receive a copy of
the final report.
Replies to:
Ann Macintosh
AIAI
University of Edinburgh
80 South Bridge
Edinburgh EH1 1HN
UK
uk mail:alm@uk.ac.edinburgh.aiva
arpanet mail: alm%uk.ac.edinburgh.aiva@ucl-cs.arpa
------------------------------
Date: Tue 6 Jan 87 13:26:35-EST
From: John C. Akbari <AKBARI@CS.COLUMBIA.EDU>
Subject: educational material on ai
ever try explaining ai concepts to people who are good programmers and
even know something about ai, but who are not real experienced in
implementing ai? they've read the intro ai books & are ready for
intermediate and advanced levels of ai wizardry.
(have encountered this several times recently, & must
confess that it's difficult, especially when you try to explain
something you've haven't hacked a lot yourself.)
so, the question is, how do you do it? in looking around, it seems that
there is not a lot of material out there between the intro ai books that
explain at high levels (& the intro lisp books that give tons of syntax)
and the papers in _artificial intelligence_. on behalf of others who
may have run into this also, i'm willing to collect suggestions.
the best sort of thing is tutorial stuff like the second half of winston
& horn's lisp book (incremental description of some of the ideas that go
into developing a simplified version of something [rule-based expert
system, atn, object-oriented system]) with enough code to play with that
actually *works*. _inside computer understanding_ is also excellent.
experimenting with the simple version seems to be very helpful in
*incrementally* understanding how to design & debug a system.
does anyone in net land have, or know of, other sources? has anyone
done this sort of thing for a course, perhaps? pointers to
tech reports, course notes, tutorials, books in progress, mini versions
of master's or dissertation work, or especially
well-documented sources for simple versions of systems that can be studied
independently (in apprenticeship mode) are all great. public domain stuff
is probably best, but licenses are ok, too. any dialect of lisp is ok, even
prolog.
topics of interest (all the usual ai stuff):
expert systems (rule-based, object-oriented, etc.)
atn's
frame systems
truth maintenance systems
machine learning
intelligent computer-assisted instruction
...
so far:
winston & horn. _lisp_ (2nd ed.). [part ii.]
charniak, riesbeck, mcdermott. _artificial intelligence programming_.
charniak & mcdermott. _intro to ai_. [sprinkled throughout]
cullingford. _natural language processing: a knowledge engineering
approach_. [lots of sources sprinkled throughout]
keravnou & johnson. _competent expert systems: a case study in fault
diagnosis_. [lots of sources at the end]
touretzky. _advanced common lisp programming_. ijcai 86 tutorial.
[higher stages of hacking karma]
schank & riesbeck. _inside computer understanding_. [mini versions of
several dissertations.]
dekleer & forbus. _truth maintenance systems_. ijcai 86 tutorial.
[tough going, no sources]
will summarize to bboard.
ad...THANKS...vance!
john c akbari
ARPANET & Internet akbari@CS.COLUMBIA.EDU
BITnet akbari%CS.COLUMBIA.EDU@WISCVM.WISC.EDU
uucp & usenet ...!seismo!columbia!cs!akbari
DECnet akbari@cs
PaperNet 380 riverside drive, no. 7d
new york, new york 10025
SoundNet 212.662.2476
[The new AI Expert magazine seems to be what you want. -- KIL]
------------------------------
Date: 6 JAN 87 16:21-CST
From: SZTIPAJ%VUENGVAX.BITNET@WISCVM.WISC.EDU
Subject: New Review Journal in AI
To: The AI Community
From: J. R. Bourne and J. Sztipanovits,
Editors, CRC Critical Reviews in Artificial Intelligence
Subject: Knowledge Acquisition for CRC-CRAI
The CRC Press has recently announced the creation of
a new journal entitled "CRC Critical Reviews in Artificial
Intelligence" to be edited by J. Bourne and J. Sztipanovits
of Vanderbilt University. The CRC-CRAI will seek to
provide in-depth reviews of tightly constrained areas
in the broad field of Artificial Intelligence. We plan
to cover the breadth of the field and publish in the
following format. Each volume will consist of 4 issues
of roughly 100 pages in each issue. Each issue will contain
either 2 or 3 articles. The number of volumes published
each year will depend on the interest of the AI community.
The topic areas in AI that we have initially selected for
review include:
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Representation
Automated reasoning
Learning
Education/Cognitive Modelling
Natural Language
Intelligent Robotics
Machine Vision
AI Languages
Applications
The purpose of this memorandum is to solicit opinions
and recommendations from the AI community concerning
prospective authors who would be capable of writing and
potentially willing to contribute excellent review articles
in the above areas. We are seeking authors who can review,
in depth, tightly constrained areas of research. At this
time we are not accepting papers for review or inviting
reviews; we are collecting a knowledge base about
authors and topics. Once this phase of the work is
complete we will begin to structure the initial
volumes of the journal.
If any of the above is of interest to anyone, and you
have suggestions for us, please reply to:
AIREVIEW@VUENGVAX.bitnet
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 87 10:50:24 EST
From: princeton!mind!harnad@seismo.CSS.GOV
Subject: Methodologies for Studying Human Knowledge
Subject: Anderson on algorithm/implementation: BBS Call for Commentators
Keywords: cognitive science, instructional science, AI, connectionism
Organization: Cognitive Science, Princeton University
The following is the abstract of a forthcoming article on which BBS
[Behavioral and Brain Sciences -- An international, interdisciplinary
Journal of Open Peer Commentary, published by Cambridge University Press]
invites self-nominations by potential commentators.
(Please note that the editorial office must exercise selectivity among the
nominations received so as to ensure a strong and balanced cross-specialty
spectrum of eligible commentators. The procedure is explained after
the abstract.)
-----
METHODOLOGIES FOR STUDYING HUMAN KNOWLEDGE
John R. Anderson
Psychology Department
Carnegie-Mellon University
Pittsburgh PA 15213
ABSTRACT
The appropriate methodology for psychological research depends
on whether one is studying algorithms or their implementation.
Mental algorithms are abstract specifications of the steps taken
by procedures that run in the mind. Implementational issues concern
factors that determine the speed and reliability with which these
procedures run. Issues at the algorithmic level can only be explored by
studying across-task variation. This contrasts with psychology's
dominant methodology of looking for within-task generalities,
which is only appropriate for studying implementational issues.
The implementation/algorithm distinction is related to a number of
other "levels" proposed in cognitive science. Its realization in the
ACT (Anderson 1973) theory of cognition is discussed. Research at the
algorithmic level is more promising because it is hard to make further
fundamental scientific progress at the implementational level with
the methodologies available at this level. Protocol data, which are
only appropriate for algorithm-level theories, provide a richer data
source than data available at the implementational level. Research at
the algorithmic level will also yield more insight into fundamental
properties of human knowledge because the significant learning
transitions are defined at this level.
The best way to study the algorithmic level is by pedagogical
experiments that manipulate instructional experience and look for
differential learning outcomes. This is because they provide control
and prediction in realistically complex learning situations. The
intelligent tutoring paradigm provides a particularly fruitful way to
implement such experiments. In addition to these major points, the
implications of this analysis are developed for the issue of modularity
of mind, the status of language, research on human-computer interaction,
and connectionist models.
-----
This is an experiment in using the Net to find eligible commentators
for articles in the Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS), an
international, interdisciplinary journal of "open peer commentary,"
published by Cambridge University Press, with its editorial office in
Princeton NJ.
The journal publishes important and controversial interdisciplinary
articles in psychology, neuroscience, behavioral biology, cognitive science,
artificial intelligence, linguistics and philosophy. Articles are
rigorously refereed and, if accepted, are circulated to a large number
of potential commentators around the world in the various specialties
on which the article impinges. Their 1000-word commentaries are then
co-published with the target article as well as the author's response
to each. The commentaries consist of analyses, elaborations,
complementary and supplementary data and theory, criticisms and
cross-specialty syntheses.
Commentators are selected by the following means: (1) BBS maintains a
computerized file of over 3000 BBS Associates; the size of this group
is increased annually as authors, referees, commentators and nominees
of current Associates become eligible to become Associates. Many
commentators are selected from this list. (2) The BBS editorial office
does informal as well as formal computerized literature searches on
the topic of the target articles to find additional potential commentators
from across specialties and around the world who are not yet BBS Associates.
(3) The referees recommend potential commentators. (4) The author recommends
potential commentators.
We now propose to add the following source for selecting potential
commentators: The abstract of the target article will be posted in the
relevant newsgroups on the net. Eligible individuals who judge that they
would have a relevant commentary to contribute should contact the editor at
the e-mail address indicated at the bottom of this message, or should
write by normal mail to:
Stevan Harnad
Editor
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
20 Nassau Street, Room 240
Princeton NJ 08542
(phone: 609-921-7771)
"Eligibility" usually means being an academically trained professional
contributor to one of the disciplines mentioned earlier, or to related
academic disciplines. The letter should indicate the candidate's
general qualifications as well as their basis for wishing to serve as
commentator for the particular target article in question. It is
preferable also to enclose a Curriculum Vitae. (This self-nomination
format may also be used by those who wish to become BBS Associates,
but they must also specify a current Associate who knows their work
and is prepared to nominate them; where no current Associate is known
by the candidate, the editorial office will send the Vita to
approporiate Associates to ask whether they would be prepared to
nominate the candidate.)
BBS has rapidly become a widely read read and highly influential forum in the
biobehavioral and cognitive sciences. A recent recalculation of BBS's
"impact factor" (ratio of citations to number of articles) in the
American Psychologist [41(3) 1986] reports that already in its fifth year of
publication (1982) BBS's impact factor had risen to become the highest of
all psychology journals indexed as well as 3rd highest of all 1300 journals
indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index and 50th of all 3900 journals
indexed in the Science Citation index, which indexes all the scientific
disciplines.
Potential commentators should send their names, addresses, a description of
their general qualifications and their basis for seeking to comment on
this target article in particular to the address indicated earlier or
to the following e-mail address:
{allegra, bellcore, seismo, rutgers, packard} !princeton!mind!harnad
harnad%mind@princeton.csnet
--
Stevan Harnad (609) - 921 7771
{allegra, bellcore, seismo, rutgers, packard} !princeton!mind!harnad
harnad%mind@princeton.csnet
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End of AIList Digest
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