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AIList Digest Volume 4 Issue 133
AIList Digest Wednesday, 28 May 1986 Volume 4 : Issue 133
Today's Topics:
Reviews - Spang Robinson Report, Volume 2 No. 5 &
International Journal of Intelligent Systems,
Logic Programming - Benchmarking KBES-Tools,
Policy - Abstracts of Technical Talks,
Seminars - Analogical and Inductive Reasoning (SU) &
Reasoning about Semiconductor Fabrication (SU) &
Levels of Knowledge in Distributed Computing (SU)
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Date: WED, 20 apr 86 17:02:23 CDT
From: E1AR0002%SMUVM1.BITNET@WISCVM.WISC.EDU
Subject: Spang Robinson Report, Volume 2 No. 5
Summary of Spang Robinson Report, May 1986 Volume 2, 1986
__________________________________________________________________________
AI at Darpa, the U. S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research
Projects Agency
This year, DARPA will devote $60 million dollars to AI research.
26 million of this is for basic AI research not included in Strategic
computing, 22 million is for technology base research in Strategic
Computing and 25 million is for large prototype applications in
Strategic computing. In 1985, 47.5 percent of the research
went to industry with 40.7 to universities with the remainder
going to government agencies and federal contract research institutes.
Oak Ridge National Labs is developing a system to assist in the
analysis of budgets.
List of DARPA projects in AI
Autonomous Land Vehicle project
Integration - Martin Marietta
Terrain Data Base - ETL
Vision Based Navigation - University of Maryland
ALV Route Planning Research - Hughes Laboratory
Telepresence System - Vitalink
Navy battle Management
Force Requirements Expert System - TI
Spatial Data Management System - CCA
Combat Action Team - Naval Ocean Systems Center, CMU
Fleet Command Center Battle Management - NOSC
Commander's Display Technology - MIT
Pilot's Associate (two teams)
Team 1: Lockheed, General Electric, Goodyear Aerospace, Teknowledge,
CMU, Search Technologies Defense Systems
Team 2: McDonnel Aircraft, TI
AirLand Battle Management
System Technology definition - MIT
Soldier-Machine Interface - Lockheed
Natural Language Training Aid - Cognitive Systems
AI Planning System - Advanced Decison Systems
Message Fusion - LOGICON
Knowledge Engineering - BDM
Butterfly Benchmarking - BRL/ Los Alamos Labs
Interpretation of Reconnaissance Images
(SAIC, Advanced Decision Systems, TASC, MRJ, Mark Resources, Hughes
Aircraft)
Multiprocessor System Architectures
Tree Machines - Columbia University
Software Workbench - CMU
Programmable Systolic Array - CMU
ADA Compiler Systems - FCS, Inc
Synchronous Multiprocessor Architecture - Georgia Tech
High Performance Multiprocessor - University of California at Berkeley
VLSI design - University of Southern Carolina
Common Lisp Framework - USC-ISI
Data Flow Emulation Facility - MIT
Massive Memory Machine - Princeton University
Connection Machine - Thinking Machines
Natural Language
(BBN, System Development Corporation, University of Massachussetts,
University of Pennsylvania, USC-ISI, New York University, SRI)
Expert System Technology
(BBN, General Electric, Intellicorp, University of Massachusetts,
Tecknowledge, Ohio State University, Stanford University)
Speech Understanding
"250 word speaker-independent system with a large vocabulary" was
demonstrated in 1986
Real Time Speech - BBN
Continuous Speech Understanding - CMU
Auditory Modelling - Fairchild
Acoustic Phonetic-Based Speech - Fairchild
Speech Data Base - TI
Acoustic Phonetics - MIT
Tools for Speech Analysis - MIT
Speech Data Base - MIT
Robust Speech Recognition - Lincoln Labs
Speech Co-Articulation - NBS
Speaker Independence - SRI
Computer Vision
Optical Avoidance and Path Planning - Hughes Research Laboratory
Parallel Algorithms - CMU
Terrain Following - CMU
Dynamic Image Interpretation - University of Massachusetts
Target Motion and Tracking - USC
Reasoning, Scene Analysis - Advanced Decision Systems
Parallel Algorithms - MIT
Spatial Representation Modelling- SRI
Parallel Environments - University of Rochester
Also:
Compact Lisp Machine - Texas Instruments
__________________________________________________________________________
Japan Watch
ICOT is developing a new personal use Prolog work station called
PSI-II which will be smaller and faster than the first version, PSI-I.
PSI-II is targeted to cost $55,500. 60 PSI units have already
been installed and the version 2.0 of the operating system has been
replaced.
Sega Enterprises will market in mid-April a Prolog-based personal
computer for CAI for children in elementary school.
Nippon Steel Corporation and Mitsubishi have been testing PROLOG
for process control software.
At the Information Processing Society of Japan's national convention,
30 percent of the papers were AI related.
Fujitsu has a scheduling system for computers which will be used
with a total of 140 CPU's and peripherals for software development
in Fujitsu's Numazu Works.
Mitsubishi Electric has announced an expert sytem for making estimates
of machinery products
NEC says it will use TMS or dependency-directed backtracking in its
PECE system and it will be used in diagnosis.
__________________________________________________________________________
Other:
Tecknowledge announced revenue of 4 million and income of $180 thousand
for third fiscal quarter.
Symbolics has released version 7.0 of its LISP software.
Kurzweill has raised seven million in its third round of venture capital.
IBM has announced an expert system environment for MVS which is similar
to their product running under VM.
Battelle is developing a natural language interface for databases
which is independent of domain and DBMS. It runs on a Xerox LISP
machine and interfaces with a DBMS on a mainframe. They also
have a package for PC's which links with a mainframe and is
available in French and German
Digitalk's Smalltalk environment, Methods, now can communicate with
remote UNIX computers.
A toolkit for design of voice or telephone application packages
which interfaces with TI-Speech technology, has been announced
by Denniston.
Intermetrics is beta testing its Common LISP 370 for IBM mainframes.
It includes interfaces with C and Fortran.
A District Court found that ArtellIgence's OPS5+ product was developed
by Computer Thought employees during their employment with
Computer Thought. Compuater Thought has a Judgement and permanent injunction
against ArtellIgence.
MIT has started a project to explore the relationship
between symbolic and numeric computing, called Mixed Computing.
------------------------------
Date: Fri 23 May 86 14:09:08-PDT
From: C.S./Math Library <LIBRARY@SU-SCORE.ARPA>
Subject: Math/CS Library--New Journal-International Journal of
Intelligent Systems
[Forwarded from the Stanford bboard by Laws@SRI-AI.]
We have just received volume 1, number 1, spring 1986 of the International
Journal of Intelligent Systems. Ronald R. Yager is the editor and it is
published by John Wiley and Sons. The editorial board include the following
people: Hans Berliner, Ronald Brachman, Richard Duda, Marvin Minsky, Judea
Pearl, Dimitri Poselov, Azriel Rosenfeld, Lotfi Zadeh, Jin Wen Zhang, and
Hans Zimmerman along with others. The following articles are included
in the first issue: Constructs And Phenomena Common To The Semantically-
Rich Domains by Beth Adelson; An Intelligent Computer Vision System by
Su-shing Chen; Hierarchical Representation Of Problem-Solving Knowledge
In A Frame-Based Process Planning System by Dana S. Nau and Tien-Chien
Chang; Toward General Theory of Reasoning With Uncertainty. 1. Nonspecificity
and Fuzziness by Ronald R. Yager; and Review of Heuristics-Intelligent
Strategies for Computer Problem Solving by Judea Pearl, Henri Farreny,
and Henri Prade.
Manuscripts should be submitted to the editor, Dr. Ronald R. Yager,
International Journal of Intelligent Systems, Machine Intelligence
Institute, Iona College, New Rochelle, New York 10801. The journal
will be published quarterly and will keep a balance between the
theoretical and applied, as well as provide a venue for experimental
work.
Harry LLull
------------------------------
Date: 29 Apr 1986 18:51-EDT
From: VERACSD@USC-ISI.ARPA
Subject: Benchmarking KBES-Tools
[Forwarded from the Prolog Digest by Laws@SRI-AI.]
I have come across some recent benchmarks from NASA (U.S.
Gov't MEMORANDUM from the FM7/AI Section, April 3, 1986)
which compared various KBES tools' (ART, OP, KEE & CLIPS)
times for solving the MONKEY-AND-BANANA problem. (This
toy problem is explained in detail along with OPS source
in Brownston et. al.'s "Programming Expert Systems in OPS5".)
Although the benchmarks include backward-chaining solutions
to the problem in both KEE and ART (along with forward
chaining counterparts), there is no PROLOG implementation
in the comparison. I am very interested in a PROLOG
comparison, and am in the process of implementing one.
Unfortunately, I am not (yet) a competent PROLOG programmer
and am currently learning my way around PROLOG on a DEC-20.
Consequently, any advice/suggestions re implementing this
benchmark and timing it effectively would be be useful &
appreciated. (By the way, the time to beat is 1.2 secs. for a
forward-chaining implementation using ART on a 3640 with
4MB main-memory.)
I would be glad to share the results with anyone who offers
assistance. (Or for that matter with whomever is interested.)
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 27 May 1986 20:52 EDT
From: Dr. Alex Bykat <BYKAT%UTCVM.BITNET@WISCVM.WISC.EDU>
Subject: Re: Abstracts of Technical Talks Published on AI-LIST
In AIList V4 #120 Peter R.Spool writes:
>Date: 9 May 86 10:24:22 EDT
>From: PRSPOOL@RED.RUTGERS.EDU
>Subject: Abstracts of Technical Talks Published on AI-LIST
>
> None of us surely, can attend all of the talks announced via the
>AI-LIST. The abstracts which appear have served as a useful pointer for
>me to current research in many different areas. I trust this has been
>true for many of you as well. These abstracts could serve this secondary
>purpose even better, if those people who post these abstracts to the
>network, made an effort to include two addtional pieces of information
>in them:
> 1) A Computer Network address of the speaker.
> 2) One or more references to any recently published material
> with the same, or similar content to the talk.
>I know that this information would help me enormously. I assume the
>same is true of others.
>
Let me echo Peter's request. On a number of occasions I had to bother the
speakers' hosts requesting precisely that kind of information. While many
of the hosts respond graciously and promptly, no doubt they are busy
enough without fending off such requests.
A. Bykat
Center of Excellence - Computer Applications
University of Tennessee
Chattanooga, TN 37402
Acknowledge-To: Dr. Alex Bykat <BYKAT@UTCVM>
[Unfortunately, the people who compose these seminar notices seldom
read AIList. Those of you who wish to influence the notice formats
should contact the authors directly. -- KIL]
------------------------------
Date: Mon 26 May 86 14:57:24-PDT
From: Stuart Russell <RUSSELL@SUMEX-AIM.ARPA>
Subject: Seminar - Analogical and Inductive Reasoning (SU)
PhD Orals Announcement
Analogical and Inductive Reasoning
Stuart J. Russell
Department of Computer Science
Stanford University
Tuesday June 3rd 9.15 a.m.
Building 370 Room 370
I show the need for the application of domain knowledge in analogical
reasoning, and propose that this knowledge must take the form of a new
class of rule called a "determination". By giving determinations a
first-order definition, they can be used to make valid analogical
inferences; I have thus been able to implement determination-based
analogical reasoning as part of the MRS logic programming system.
In such a system, analogical reasoning can be more efficient than
rule-based reasoning for some tasks. Determinations appear to be a
common form of regularity in the world, and form a natural stage in
the acquisition of knowledge. My approach to the study of analogy
can be extended to the general problem of the use of knowledge in
induction, leading to the beginning of a domain-independent theory of
inductive reasoning. If time permits, I will also show how the concept
of determinations leads to a justification and quantitative analysis
of analogy by similarity.
------------------------------
Date: Tue 27 May 86 14:56:47-PDT
From: Christine Pasley <pasley@SRI-KL>
Subject: Seminar - Reasoning about Semiconductor Fabrication (SU)
CS529 - AI In Design & Manufacturing
Instructor: Dr. J. M. Tenenbaum
Title: Modeling and Reasoning about Semiconductor Fabrication
Speakers: John Mohammed and Michael Klein
From: Schlumberger Palo Alto Research and Shiva Multisystems
Date: Wednesday, May 28, 1986
Time: 4:00 - 5:30
Place: Terman 556
Abstract for John Mohammed's talk:
As part of a larger effort aimed at providing symbolic, computer-aided
tools for semiconductor fabrication experts, we have developed
qualitative models of the operations performed during semiconductor
manufacture. By qualitativiely simulating a sequence of these models
we generate a description of how a wafer is affected by the operations.
This description encodes the entire history of processing for the
wafer and causally relates the attributes that describe the structures
on the wafer to the processing operations responsible for creating
those structures. These causal relationships can be used to support
many reasoning tasks in the semiconductor fabrication domain,
including synthesis of new recipes, and diagnosis of failures in
operating fabrication lines.
Abstract for Michael Klein's talk:
Current integrated circuit (IC) process computer-aided design (CAD)
tools are most useful in verifying or tuning IC processes in the
vicinity of an acceptable solution. However, these highly
compute-intensive tools are often used too early and too often in the
design cycle.
Cameo, an expert CAD system, assists IC process designers in
synthesizing photolithography step descriptions before using other CAD
tools. Cameo has a modular knowledge base containing knowledge for all
levels of the synthesis process, including heuristic knowledge as well
as algorithms, formulas, graphs, and tables. It supports the parallel
development of numerous design alternatives in an efficient manner and
links to existing CAD tools such as IC process simulators.
Visitors welcome!
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 27 May 86 17:52:01 pdt
From: Vaughan Pratt <pratt@su-navajo.arpa>
Subject: Seminar - Levels of Knowledge in Distributed Computing (SU)
Speaker: Rohit Parikh
Date: Thursday, June 5, 1986
Time: 9:30-10:45
Place: MJ352
Title: Levels of Knowledge in Distributed Computing
Abstract:
It is well known that the notion of knowledge is a useful one for
understanding distributed computing and in particular,
synchronous and asynchronous communication can be distinguished
by the possibility or impossibility of common knowledge being
achieved. We show that knowledge of facts in distributed systems
can be at various levels, these levels are partially ordered,
and that a characterisation of these levels can be given which
brings together knowledge, regular sets and well partial
orderings (not the same as well founded partial orderings).
------------------------------
End of AIList Digest
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