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IRList Digest Volume 4 Number 46
IRList Digest Sunday, 28 August 1988 Volume 4 : Issue 46
Today's Topics:
Query - Interactive video systems
Reply - Pedagogical models (see V4 #39): some references
- Pedagogical models: work in Netherlands
Abstracts - Dissertations selected by S. Humphrey [Part 3 of 5]
News addresses are
Internet: fox@fox.cs.vt.edu or fox%fox.cs.vt.edu@dcssvx.cc.vt.edu
BITNET: foxea@vtcc1.bitnet (replaces foxea@vtvax3)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: THU, AUG 11 1988 12:33:18
From: Paul F Lambert <PLAMBERT@BENTLEY>
Subject: IRList subscription
...
I have a faculty member in Modern Languages who is interested in the use
of Interactive Video systems for teaching. If you or any list contributors
can point me to recent mailings under this topic (or other mailing-lists)
I would appreciate the help.
Thank you.
Paul Lambert Plambert@Bentley (InfoRep) (617) 891-3467
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 07 Aug 88 16:45 PDT
From: IIN4CLB@UCLAMVS.BITNET
Subject: IRlist submission about pedagogical models
Ed - for IRLIST in response to Avigail Oren (C37@TAUNOS)
about pedagogical models for IRS
There are several literature reviews in the literature
that would be helpful starting points. See my "why are
online catalogs hard to use? Lessons learned from information
retrieval studies" in JASIS, nov 86 (about 150 cites). Also
Carol Fenichel's lit review in 1981 in library research.
The last full review just on training for IR was Judy Wanger's
ARIST (annual review of info sci and technology) chapter
in 1979. All of these have long bibs with pointers elsewher
in the literature. Hope this helps.
Christine Borgman IIN4CLB@UCLAMVS
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 16 Aug 88 14:57:31 +0100
From: Frances Brazier <mcvax!psy.vu.nl!frances@uunet.UU.NET>
Subject: information retrieval
In reply to a request by the Computer in Education Research Lab
(address unknown) on a pedagogical model for IRS,
the following. Information retrieval and information retrieval
strategies have been addressed within a number of projects
within our Department for over 10 years now. At the moment we
are building a system within which help and support are embedded
to assist the process of information retrieval. This project is
a collaberation between the Department of Geography (contents
experts), the Department of Computer Science and the Department
of Cognitive Psychology. Although this particular project has
been our particular focus of activity for the last 1.5 to 2
years nothing yet has been published on the results. Results of
previous projects within this field can be found in the
following publications:
Beishuizen, J.J. & Brazier, F.M.T. Search strategies in internal
and external memories, Proceedings of the Third European
Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, Paris 1986.
Brazier, F.M.T. & Beishuizen, J.J. The influence of the
interface on information retrieval, Proceedings of the Fifith
International Conference on Technology and Education, Edinburgh,
1988.
Brazier, F.M.T. & Beishuizen, J.J. Can an interface influence
information retrieval? Paper presented at the AERA Conference,
New Orleans, 1988.
Brazier, F.M.T. & Trimp, H.C. Teaching information retrieval
skills, In Lovis, F. (ed) Proceedings of the IFIP TC3 European Conference on
Computers in Education - ECCE'88 Lausanne, Switzerland, 1988.
Beishuizen, J.J. (in press)
Search strategies in internal and external memories,
In: Human-Computer Interaction, Psychonomic Aspects,
Eds. G.C. van der Veer & G. Mulder, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg
Beishuizen, J.J. 1987
CIR: A computer coach for information retrieval
In: Eurit 86, Developments in Educational Software and Courseware,
Proceedings of the First European Conference on Eductaion and Information
Technology,
Eds. J. Moonen & T Plomp, Pergamon Press, Exeter
Brazier, F.M.T. & Beishuizen, J.J. Information retrieval: the
user interface, SIGCHI-Bulletin April 1988.
I am acquainted with Marcia Bates work, but not with Penny
Daniels. I too would be grateful for any references to related
work and results of the project mentioned.
Frances Brazier
Dept of Cognitive Psychology
Vrije Universiteit
de Boelelaan 1111
1081 Amsterdam
the Netherlands
email: frances@psy.vu.nl
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 3 Aug 88 13:36:58 EDT
From: "Susanne M. HUMPHREY" <humphrey@MCS.NLM.NIH.GOV>
Subject: dissertation abstracts [Note: Part 3 of 5 - Ed.]
.[
AN This item is not available from University Microfilms International
ADG05-62168.
AU WEDDELL, GRANT EDWIN.
IN University of Toronto (Canada) Ph.D 1987.
TI PHYSICAL DESIGN AND QUERY COMPILATION FOR A SEMANTIC DATA MODEL.
DE Computer Science.
AB In this thesis, we consider some of the problems of physical
design for the more recently proposed data models. These newer
models, called semantic data models, adopt concepts developed by
artificial intelligence researchers investigating the general
problem of knowledge representation.
Our results apply to a particular choice of model, called LDM,
that is also developed in the thesis. LDM incorporates the most
common features of other semantic data models including a
capability for a generalization hierarchy that supports multiple
inheritance, support for many-valued properties and a
non-procedural query language. This has the advantage that
implementors of these other models can then apply our techniques
for physical design to solve similar implementation problems.
The performance issues we address are based on the assumption that
all encoding of information is memory resident. With this
assumption, some problems, such as the choice of representation
for entities and simple property values, become important issues.
Other issues relating to access strategies for implementing
queries or to the choice of index types and their selection, are
fundamentally changed. The assumption also permits us to ignore
clustering problems (problems concerning the judicious placement
of data in order to reduce retrieval overhead), since they then
have much less relative significance to overall performance.
The problems that are considered include: finding representations
of entities and single valued properties, selecting a set of
indices to support access to groups of entities occurring as class
extensions or as values of many-valued properties, mapping
transactions to forms that automatically maintain indices, and
compiling queries.
.]
.[
AN This item is not available from University Microfilms International
ADG05-61648.
AU YANG, HONGZHI.
IN University of Waterloo (Canada) Ph.D 1987.
TI QUERY TRANSFORMATION.
DE Computer Science.
AB Consider a database containing not only base relations but also
stored, derived relations (also called "materialized views" or
"concrete views".) Relation fragments in distributed databases,
database snapshots and intermediate results obtained during the
processing of queries are all examples of stored derived
relations. For a query, expressed in terms of base relations, we
want to know whether we can answer the query by using only the
data in a given set of derived relations (the set may include some
base relations). The interest in the approach stems from the fact
that query evaluation based on a set of derived relations may be
more efficient than the traditional query processing. If the query
can be represented by an equivalent expression involving derived
relations, it can then be evaluated from the set of derived
relations. The real problem concerns the transformation of the
original query, expressed in terms of the base relations, to an
equivalent one expressed in terms of the derived relations.
In this thesis, we investigate the query transformation problem
under the assumption that both queries and derived relations are
defined by PSJ-expressions, that is, relational algebra
expressions involving only projections, selections and joins. We
have developed a mechanism for solving this problem. It constructs
an equivalent query consisting of a set of subqueries. Each
subquery can easily be computed from derived relations. A
prototype of the mechanism has been implemented and some data
obtained from running the prototype are also given.
Query transformation is an indispensable part of a
performance-oriented database system. With this problem solved, it
is possible to adapt the physical database to the query load and
improve the performance of query processing.
.]
.[
AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG88-00563.
AU ZAPOROZHETZ, LAURENE ELIZABETH.
IN University of Oregon Ph.D 1987, 165 pages.
TI THE DISSERTATION LITERATURE REVIEW: HOW FACULTY ADVISORS PREPARE
THEIR DOCTORAL CANDIDATES.
DE Education, Higher.
AB Thirty three active doctoral advisors on a College of Education
faculty in a research oriented university participated in the
study. They filled out questionnaires and participated in lengthy
interviews in which they described how they advised their doctoral
candidates on the literature review portion of the dissertation.
The overall response pattern from the 33 advisors indicated the
following beliefs and general advising procedures. They rated (1)
refereed journals, (2) books, (3) dissertations, and (4) ERIC, as
the most productive bibliographic formats for the dissertation
literature review in education. They ranked the literature review
chapter the lowest of the five traditional dissertation chapters
when they reflected on their level of advising expertise, and on
the amount of time/energy they gave to a chapter. They ranked the
research/methodology chapter highest on both counts. Some
advisors, especially senior faculty, expressed distrust and little
knowledge of computerized literature searching technologies. They
expected their advisees to have bibliographic skills at the
doctoral level, even if the skills are not generally taught in
graduate programs. Most advisors indicated they advised the way
they were advised, reporting that they were left on their own to
learn bibliographic skills during their graduate years. Overall,
they felt doctoral candidates should go to the library to "do the
literature review", come back with the results, and at that stage
the advisor should offer suggestions and assist in writing and
editing.
The findings suggest that graduate programs should (1) consider
bibliographic instruction on a par with research methodology
instruction in the preparation of doctoral candidates, and (2)
update faculty advisors on new searching technologies in order to
increase their advising effectiveness. New technologies for
accessing bibliographic data, and the generally low level of
advising for the dissertation literature review suggest many areas
of further research.
.]
.[
AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG88-02888.
AU SHOFF, HARRY L.
IN Indiana University of Pennsylvania Ph.D 1987, 208 pages.
TI MATERIALS AND STRATEGIES FOR LITERARY RESEARCH IN THE COMPUTER AGE.
DE Education, Language and Literature.
AB The study of literature is not exempt from the exponential growth
of information. The growth affects literary research to the point
that the scholar must reassess traditional research sources as
well as learn the new information technology. This study explores
the traditional sources of information in language and literature
and changing utilization strategies. It also assesses the direct
impact automated information storage and retrieval devices and
techniques have had on the research process. The project is
designed to form the core of a bibliographic methods text.
Most studies of the influence of computers on research neglect the
impact information growth has had on research materials that are
not yet computerized. Paper format sources are still important,
but the strategies for using them have substantially altered. The
first part of this research examines traditional sources of
information.
The chapters assess each of the primary areas of research such as
subject headings, classifications, biography, periodicals,
reference sources, government documents, and bibliographies. The
discussions in each category delineate the characteristics of the
standard research sources. In addition, strategies are developed
which permit the researcher to plan a more efficient inquiry. The
argument addreses the impact information growth has had on
standard sources such as the recent trend for consolidated indexes
that cover dozens or hundreds of individual volumes.
The second part of the study treats the direct effect automated
information storage has had on literary research. Computerized
storage of information primarily affects the literary researcher
because of three major developments. These developments are: (1)
Libraries are replacing traditional catalog listings with
automated catalogs and computer access. (2) Libraries are
combining their catalog holdings with many other libraries to form
computerized union catalogs. (3) Specialized bibliographies in the
various disciplines are combining with hundreds of other
bibliographies to form large bibliographic databases.
The final chapters of the dissertation explore the characteristics
of these computerized aids to research and analyze future trends.
.]
.[
AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG87-28256.
AU AKERS, JUANITA SMITH.
IN Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Ph.D 1986, 134
pages.
TI BEFORE AND AFTER: IMPACT OF THE LOSS OF THE ILLINOIS RESOURCES AND
DISSEMINATION NETWORK.
DE Information Science.
AB The purpose of this study was to discover and describe in more
detail the final impact, if any, of computer-generated information
dissemination in Illinois after federal funding was discontinued.
The descriptive method was chosen for this study. The data sources
for this discovery were factual information and the perceptions
from state department liaisons who delivered the information
product and provided other forms of technical assistance, and
school district administrators, who were identified as users of
the information service. To achieve the purpose of this study, a
questionnaire was developed and mailed to the two groups
identified for participation in this study. The total population
consisted of twenty state department liaisons and 80 school
district administrators. Of the 100 surveyed, 96.0 percent of the
respondents returned questionnaires.
The researcher recommended that further study be conducted to
determine more effective methods of disseminating the research
product and of controlling the quality and cost of
computer-generated research. It was recommended that once an
information dissemination project shows clearly and dramatically
that it makes a desirable difference, every effort should be made
to institutionalize that program or its successful element for the
period of time needed to enhance school improvement. Furthermore,
it was recommended that during the process of making application
for funding, incentives be awarded those agencies who provide a
realistic and economical management plan for achieving
institutionalization. Finally, it was recommended that monies
presently allocated for school improvement activities be used, in
part, for computer generated information dissemination in Illinois
school districts.
The researcher concluded that there is an above average need for
computer-generated annotated bibiographies within the public
elementary and secondary school districts in Illinois. Positive
steps should be taken to reestablish the information service for
public school educators. This action should be the direct result
of commitment and resolve on the part of the funding agency(s) and
the agency(s) administering the program. In addition to
reestablishing the program, other initiatives should be taken to
improve the methods of disseminating the educational information,
and the quality of the information product disseminated.
.]
.[
AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG88-02457.
AU CHAUNCEY, CAROLE AGATHA.
IN Case Western University Ph.D 1987, 252 pages.
TI AN ASSESSMENT OF INDEX TERM RANKING.
DE Information Science.
AB The enhancement of document retrieval is dependent on the use of
index terms which convey adequate information. It has been
postulated that index terms are not equally content-bearing and
therefore cannot promote the retrieval of relevant documents with
the same degree of dependability.
This investigation assesses how several indexers rank the selected
index terms, as well as how the agreement/consistency patterns
among indexers vary within the titles and the abstracts.
The hypotheses tested in this study are that (a) terms selected
during an indexing exercise have varying degrees of agreement; (b)
the most content-bearing terms get assigned earliest in the
indexing exercise; (c) high agreement terms are found in specific
parts of the text.
To test these hypotheses the following tests were conducted; (a)
exhaustivity-time experiment (Productivity test); and (b)
inter-indexer consistency versus exhaustivity. The results of the
exhaustivity-time test show (a) an increase in selection time as
exhaustivity increases; and (b) inter-indexer consistency
decreases as exhaustivity increases.
.]
.[
AN University Microfilms Order Number ADG88-00197.
AU COTTRILL, CHARLOTTE ALICE.
IN The Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities Ph.D
1987, 176 pages.
TI A CO-CITATION STUDY OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE OF TWO INNOVATION
RESEARCH TRADITIONS: DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER.
DE Information Science.
AB The state of a research field can be studied through the
publications produced by its members. The most revealing data from
the literature of a field are the references cited by its
practitioners in their publications. These references to earlier
literature provide information about the field as well as the
authors. References can be studied with co-citation analysis which
is a type of network analysis that identifies the relationship
among either cited documents or the combined works of individual
scholars. A co-citation occurs when two documents (or authors) are
cited together by a third and later document. The strength of the
relationship is the number of times the pair are cited together by
later documents. This relationship is established by the citing
authors, and is therefore an unobtrusive measure of the "field's
view" of the relatedness of two works which is based on the
collective judgements of many citers. Co-citation analysis has
been used to study many research fields and shown to reflect with
considerable accuracy the membership of a specialty and its
content and problem orientation.
The present study is a descriptive structural analysis of the
diffusion of innovations and technology transfer literature from
1966 through 1972. These two research traditions represent groups
of scholars within the larger innovation research scientific
community. Using samples of documents drawn from the ISI Social
Science Citation Index, the documents were reduced to groups of
works by authors, and a modified author co-citation analysis was
performed to identify the relationships among the works of these
scholars. Separate analyses were performed on the diffusion of
innovations and technology transfer co-citations and the combined
groups of co-citations. Cluster analysis was used to identify
groups of highly similar works. These clusters of similar works
represent subspecialty groups of scholars within each of the two
areas and the combined area. Multidimensional scaling was used to
generate maps spatially representing the relationships among the
subspecialties in subject space.
As publications, particularly in journals, constitute the formal
communication system of science, the present study is essentially
a study of scientific communication. The analyses employed are
network methods that were used to investigate communication flows
and identify types of relational patterns.
.]
[Note: continued in next issue - Ed]
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END OF IRList Digest
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