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Neuron Digest Volume 13 Number 03
Neuron Digest Wednesday, 26 Jan 1994 Volume 13 : Issue 3
Today's Topics:
ADDRESS CHANGE for CONNECTION SCIENCE
New Research group - Digital Library Searching
extracellular matrix information
Neuro-Fuzzy product information
Optimizing NN Architecture Using GA
Book - Neural Networks in Telecommunications
EEG Models: Chaotic and Linear: PSYCOLOQUY Call for Commentary
Beyond Modularity: BBS Call for Book Reviewers
Send submissions, questions, address maintenance, and requests for old
issues to "neuron-request@psych.upenn.edu". The ftp archives are
available from psych.upenn.edu (130.91.68.31) in pub/Neuron-Digest or by
sending a message to "archive-server@psych.upenn.edu".
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: ADDRESS CHANGE for CONNECTION SCIENCE
From: N.Sharkey@dcs.shef.ac.uk
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 12:14:03 +0000
*********************************
* *
* CONNECTION SCIENCE *
* ADDRESS CHANGE *
* *
*********************************
Please note that the Headquarters of Journal: Connection Science
has moved to Sheffield University.
The Journal is now into Volume 6 and is still going strong thanks
to all of the support from the connectionist community. Because of
the move, Lyn Shakelton, who has served as assistant editor since
the beginning, is no longer with us. She has been replaced by a new
Editorial Assistant Julie Clarke.
I am sorry for any delay in responding to correspondence or in dealing
with manuscripts that the move has caused. Bear with us.
SUBMISSIONS SHOULD NOW BE SENT TO:
Julie Clarke
Connection Science
Department of Computer Science
Regent Court
University of Sheffield
S1 4DP, Sheffield, UK
j.clarke@dcs.shef.ac.uk
(or username julie)
VOLUNTEER REVIEWERS:
We have had extensive help from a number of reviewers of the
past 5 years and we have worn some of them down to the bone.
We are now trying to update our review panel to give some of
the others a bit of a rest. If you wish to volunteer please
contact Julie at the above address. We will be eternally grateful
for your assistance.
For other queries please contact me
************************************
* *
* Professor Noel Sharkey *
* Department of Computer Science *
* Regent Court *
* University of Sheffield *
* S1 4DP, Sheffield, UK *
* *
* N.Sharkey@dcs.shef.ac.uk *
* *
************************************
------------------------------
Subject: New Research group - Digital Library Searching
From: jones@cis.uab.edu (Warren Jones)
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 08:52:23 -0600
[[ Editor's Note: This seems like a novel, but promising enterprise. We
are all aware of the "information overload" and many of us struggle daily
with searching both electronic and paper "space" for information. Any
tools which help will be very welcome. -PM ]]
Peter,
I have recently established a new research group and would appreciate your
posting the following in NEURON-DIGEST. One of the methodologies we will
be applying is neural networks, so I am interested in in knowing about any
on-going research at other locations which applies neural networks to the
problems of information filtering.
Warren
_________________________________________________________________________
UAB Research Group in Information Filtering within Digital Libraries
Warren T. Jones
University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)
RESEARCH FOCUS
The exponential growth of information available over the Internet together
with the accompanying increase in the complexity of the Internet itself
requires the development of more effective tools for accessing this
environment. In order to address some of the research and development
challenges involved with dealing with this increasing complexity, we
have organized a research group: Studies in Information Filtering
Technology for Electronic Resources (SIFTER). The goal of the SIFTER
group is to make contributions to the basic understanding of both the
structure and dynamics of information processing in the Internet and to
develop new approaches as well as extensions to current techniques in
information filtering. In this research, the term information filtering
is taken to be the full scope of multimedia, including text, audio and
images.
OBJECTIVES
1. Develop strategies and conceptual models which contribute to a better
understanding of the problems of semantic information representation
and retrieval processes. These studies will investigate the application
of a variety of methodologies such as artificial neural networks,
genetic algorithms, natural language models, etc. to achieve this
increase in understanding.
2. Develop prototype tools which support the strategies and models
developed. Tool development will be accompanied by studies of tool
design quality and evaluation.
3. A comprehensive collection of available information filtering server
and client tools will be maintained within the local network
environment for experimental research purposes.
4. The results of our research will be evaluated by application in a
number of domains. Such domains provide an important source of information
from end user communities.
CURRENT PROJECTS
A major focus of the SIFTER group will be the development of new knowledge
through both theoretical and empirical studies of information filtering
processes. However, it is also important to implement and evaluate the
results of this research within specific domains of end user communities. We
see these implementation projects as partnerships between the SIFTER group
and these communities. With this arrangement the partnership serves
as a technology transfer bridge which benefits the end user community
while at the same time providing an evaluation test bed for the SIFTER
group. These partnerships are still in the process of being formed.
It is the hope of the group that such partnerships can be used as a source
of financial support for the on-going research in some cases.
We are initially seeking support for development of an Internet medical
resources Gopher server.
SIFTER PERSONNEL
SIFTER research is being carried out by faculty and students from the
Department of Computer and Information Sciences and affiliated faculty
from other UAB departments. Dr. Warren Jones is coordinating the
research which is also associated with the UAB Center for
Telecommunications Education and Research.
Contact Information
Dr. Warren Jones, Department of Computer and Information Sciences,
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170,
Telephone: (205) 934-2213, FAX: (205) 934-5473,
Internet: jones@cis.uab.edu
------------------------------
Subject: extracellular matrix information
From: Ravi Subramaniam <subraman@UMDNJ.EDU>
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 14:36:34 -0500
[[ Editor's Note: Would any neuroanatomists be able to help with some
reference? I'm not even sure where to begin. My meagre knowledge is only
of certain small area densities. -PM ]]
I need an estimate of the average length and area of cross-section
of the fibers in the extracellular matrix of human brain tissue.
I would appreciate getting even very rough estimates (if not for
humans other species would be fine for starters) or leads to
references.
Thanks.
Ravi Subramaniam
Div. of Neurosurgery, Univ. of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ.
(subraman@soma.umdnj.edu)
------------------------------
Subject: Neuro-Fuzzy product information
From: Lurdes Hernandez <LHernandez@ikerlan.es>
Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 03:13:12 +0100
We're currently involved in a NEURO-FUZZY project development but we
can't find information about neuro-fuzzy specific products.
- Can anybody tell us about any available tool?
- How can we get it?
- Can you give us any impression about your experience
working with it?
Thanks in advance.
Oskar Berreteaga, Lurdes Hernandez
Ikerlan, Aptd 146
Mondragon, E-20500 Guipuzcoa, Spain
E-mail: lhernandez@ikerlan.es
fax: 34-43-79 69 44
------------------------------
Subject: Optimizing NN Architecture Using GA
From: ai@hpmoeott.canada.hp.com
Date: Fri, 21 Jan 1994 16:06:46 -0500
Review of "Optimizing Neural Network Architecture with Genetic Algorithms"
I recently obtained a copy of a technical report called
"Forecasting with Neural Networks" through a mail-order advertisement
in PC AI magazine and posted a review to Neuron Digest (V12 #24).
The feedback has been very positive and I have decided to review
one other paper which I obtained, called "Optimizing Neural Network
Architecture with Genetic Algorithms".
I thought I would share my observations of this report.
Here goes ...
(1) Target Audience
The report notes that it is intended for those with some exposure
to calculus, linear algebra and computer programming. Unlike
"Forecasting with Neural Networks", I believe that anyone with
a basic understanding of computer programming will understand the
material.
(2) Introduction
The theory section is a general introduction to genetic algorithms.
Interestingly, there is no reliance upon bit strings. Instead, the
paper goes right into a practical method to optimize a generic software
application using integer and floating-point gene values. I am not
sure how "legitimate" this is but the author makes reference to a
paper which seems to lend credibility to his/her approach ...
Jim Antonisse, "A New Interpretation of Schema Notation that
Overturns the Binary Encoding Constraint", Proceedings of the Third
International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1989
(4) Practice
Neural Networks
A thumbnail sketch of the theory of neural networks is provided.
This won't be adequate for someone who wants to gain a working
knowledge of NNs but provides enough information to understand the
connection with genetic algorithms.
Genetic Algorithms
The author applies the general theory developed earlier to the
problem of optimizing the architecture of a backpropagation neural
network model.
The most interesting revelation is an application of variable-size
chromosomes to the problem of producing individuals with a different
number of hidden neurons on each hidden layer. Rather than having
a gene called "number of hidden layers", the author suggests
that the number of hidden layers should be represented by the number
of genes of type "number of hidden neurons" in the chromosome.
The methodolgy relies a more sophisticated crossover method.
(6) Summary
Overall, I would have liked to see ...
- a bit more detail in the history section (I like history)
- more discussion on optimization of the weight values themselves
(7) Source
I obtained the report from the Bellwood Research Center, after responding
to an ad in the May-June issue of PC AI magazine.
Regards,
Winslow
------------------------------
Subject: Book - Neural Networks in Telecommunications
From: yuhas@faline.bellcore.com (Ben Yuhas)
Date: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 17:28:49 -0500
Title: NEURAL NETWORKS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Editors: Ben Yuhas, Bellcore
Nirwan Ansari, New Jersey Institute of Technology
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
367 pp.
To Order:
Phone: 617-871-6600
Fax: 617-871-6528
email: kluwer@world.std.com
ISBN 0-7923-9417-8
Price $105.
NEURAL NETWORKS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS consists of a tightly edited
collection of chapters that provides an overview of a wide range
of telecommunications tasks being addressed with neural networks.
These tasks range from the design and control of the underlying
transport network to the filtering, interpretation and manipulation
of the transported media. The chapters focus on specific applications,
describe specific solutions and demonstrate the benefits that neural
networks can provide. By doing this, the authors have demonstrated
why neural networks should be another tool in the telecommunications
engineer's toolbox.
The contents include:
1. Introduction/ B.Yuhas, N.Ansari
2. Neural Networks for Switching/ T.X. Brown
3. Routing in Random Multistage Interconnection Networks/ M.W.Goudreau, C.L.
Giles
4. ATM Traffic Control using Neural Networks/ A. H. Hiramatsu
5. Learning from Rare Events: Dynamic Cell Scheduling for ATM Networks/ D.B. Schwartz
6. A Neural Network Model for Adaptive Congestion Control in Broadband ATM Networks/ X. Chen
7. Structure and Performance of Neural Networks in Broadband Admission Control/ P.Trans-Gia, OLiver Gropp
8. Neural Network Channel Equalization/ W.R.Kirkland, D.P.Taylor
9. Application of Neural Networks as Exciser for Spread Spectrum Communication Systems/ R.Bijjani, P. K. Das
10. Static and Dynamic Channel Assignment using Simulated Annealing/ M. Duque-Anton, D.Kunz, B.Ruber
11. Cellular Mobile Communication Design Using Self-organizing Feature Maps/ T.Fritsch
12. Automatic Language Identification using Telephone Speech/ Y.K.Muthusamy, R.A. Cole
13.Text-Independent Talker Verification using Cohort Normalized Scores/ D.Burr
14. Neural Network Applications in Character Recognition and Document Analysis/
L.D. Jackel et al.
15. Image Vector Quantization by Neural Networks/ R. Lancini
16. Managing the Infoglut: Information Filtering using Neural Networks/ T.John
by Thomas John
17. Empirical Comparisons of Neural Networks and Statistical Methods for Classification and Regression/ D.Duffy, B.Yuhas, A.Jain, A.
Buja
18. A Neurocomputing Approach to Optimizing the Performance of a Satellite Communication Network/N.Ansari
INDEX
------------------------------
Subject: EEG Models: Chaotic and Linear: PSYCOLOQUY Call for Commentary
From: Stevan Harnad <harnad@Princeton.EDU>
Date: Sat, 15 Jan 1994 20:22:50 -0500
Note: This is a PSYCOLOQUY Call for Commentators, *not* a BBS Call:
You are invited to submit a formal commentary on the target article
whose abstract appears below. It has just been published in the refereed
electronic journal PSYCOLOQUY. Instructions for retrieving the full
article and for preparing a PSYCOLOQUY commentary appear after the
abstract. All commentaries are refereed.
TARGET ARTICLE AUTHOR'S RATIONALE FOR SOLICITING COMMENTARY
The target article attempts to reconcile attractor neural network (ANN)
theory with certain current models for the generation of the EEG as a
step toward integrating ANN theory with gross observations of brain
function. Emphasis is placed on symmetry of cortical connections at a
macroscopic level as compared to symmetry at a microscopic level. We
hope to elicit commentary on (1) the methodology of the experiments and
simulations on which the work is based, (2) any contradictory
experimental findings, (3) quantitative methods in anatomy required for
further development, (4) other critiques of ANN applicability to global
brain function.
psycoloquy.93.4.60.EEG-chaos.1.wright Thursday 23 December 1993
ISSN 1055-0143 (53 parags, 12 equations, 3 figs, 62 refs, 1092 lines)
PSYCOLOQUY is sponsored by the American Psychological Association (APA)
Copyright 1993 JJ Wright, RR Kydd & DTJ Liley
EEG MODELS: CHAOTIC AND LINEAR
J.J. Wright, R.R. Kydd, D.T.J. Liley
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science,
School of Medicine, University of Auckland,
Auckland, New Zealand
jwright@ccu1.auckland.ac.nz
jjw@brain.physics.swin.oz.au
ABSTRACT: Two complementary EEG models are considered. The first
(Freeman 1991) predicts 40+ Hz oscillation and chaotic local
dynamics. The second (Wright 1990) predicts propagating EEG waves
exhibiting linear superposition, nondispersive transmission, and
near-equilibrium dynamics, on the millimetric scale. Anatomical
considerations indicate that these models must apply, respectively,
to cortical neurons which are very asymmetrically coupled and to
symmetric average couplings. Aspects of both are reconciled in a
simulation which explains wave velocities, EEG harmonics, the 1/f
spectrum of desynchronised EEG, and frequency-wavenumber spectra.
Local dynamics can be compared to the attractor model of Amit and
Tsodyks (1990) applied in conditions of highly asymmetric coupling.
Nonspecific cortical afferents may confer an adiabatic energy
landscape to the large-scale dynamics of cortex.
KEYWORDS: chaos, EEG simulation, electroencephalogram, linear
dynamics, neocortex, network symmetry, neurodynamics, pyramidal
cell, wave velocity.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PSYCOLOQUY COMMENTATORS
Accepted PSYCOLOQUY target articles have been judged by 5-8 referees to
be appropriate for Open Peer Commentary, the special service provided
by PSYCOLOQUY to investigators in psychology, neuroscience, behavioral
biology, cognitive sciences and philosophy who wish to solicit multiple
responses from an international group of fellow specialists within and
across these disciplines to a particularly significant and
controversial piece of work.
If you feel that you can contribute substantive criticism,
interpretation, elaboration or pertinent complementary or supplementary
material on a PSYCOLOQUY target article, you are invited to submit a
formal electronic commentary. Please note that although commentaries
are solicited and most will appear, acceptance cannot, of course, be
guaranteed.
1. Before preparing your commentary, please read carefully
the Instructions for Authors and Commentators and examine
recent numbers of PSYCOLOQUY.
2. Commentaries should be limited to 200 lines (1800 words, references
included). PSYCOLOQUY reserves the right to edit commentaries for
relevance and style. In the interest of speed, commentators will
only be sent the edited draft for review when there have been major
editorial changes. Where judged necessary by the Editor,
commentaries will be formally refereed.
3. Please provide a title for your commentary. As many
commentators will address the same general topic, your
title should be a distinctive one that reflects the gist
of your specific contribution and is suitable for the
kind of keyword indexing used in modern bibliographic
retrieval systems. Each commentary should have a brief
(~50-60 word) abstract
4. All paragraphs should be numbered consecutively. Line length
should not exceed 72 characters. The commentary should begin with
the title, your name and full institutional address (including zip
code) and email address. References must be prepared in accordance
with the examples given in the Instructions. Please read the
sections of the Instruction for Authors concerning style,
preparation and editing.
PSYCOLOQUY is a refereed electronic journal (ISSN 1055-0143) sponsored
on an experimental basis by the American Psychological Association
and currently estimated to reach a readership of 36,000. PSYCOLOQUY
publishes brief reports of new ideas and findings on which the author
wishes to solicit rapid peer feedback, international and
interdisciplinary ("Scholarly Skywriting"), in all areas of psychology
and its related fields (biobehavioral, cognitive, neural, social, etc.)
All contributions are refereed by members of PSYCOLOQUY's Editorial Board.
Target article length should normally not exceed 500 lines [c. 4500 words].
Commentaries and responses should not exceed 200 lines [c. 1800 words].
All target articles, commentaries and responses must have (1) a short
abstract (up to 100 words for target articles, shorter for commentaries
and responses), (2) an indexable title, (3) the authors' full name(s)
and institutional address(es).
In addition, for target articles only: (4) 6-8 indexable keywords,
(5) a separate statement of the authors' rationale for soliciting
commentary (e.g., why would commentary be useful and of interest to the
field? what kind of commentary do you expect to elicit?) and
(6) a list of potential commentators (with their email addresses).
All paragraphs should be numbered in articles, commentaries and
responses (see format of already published articles in the PSYCOLOQUY
archive; line length should be < 80 characters, no hyphenation).
It is strongly recommended that all figures be designed so as to be
screen-readable ascii. If this is not possible, the provisional
solution is the less desirable hybrid one of submitting them as
postscript files (or in some other universally available format) to be
printed out locally by readers to supplement the screen-readable text
of the article.
PSYCOLOQUY also publishes multiple reviews of books in any of the above
fields; these should normally be the same length as commentaries, but
longer reviews will be considered as well. Book authors should submit a
500-line self-contained Precis of their book, in the format of a target
article; if accepted, this will be published in PSYCOLOQUY together
with a formal Call for Reviews (of the book, not the Precis). The
author's publisher must agree in advance to furnish review copies to the
reviewers selected.
Authors of accepted manuscripts assign to PSYCOLOQUY the right to
publish and distribute their text electronically and to archive and
make it permanently retrievable electronically, but they retain the
copyright, and after it has appeared in PSYCOLOQUY authors may
republish their text in any way they wish -- electronic or print -- as
long as they clearly acknowledge PSYCOLOQUY as its original locus of
publication. However, except in very special cases, agreed upon in
advance, contributions that have already been published or are being
considered for publication elsewhere are not eligible to be considered
for publication in PSYCOLOQUY,
Please submit all material to psyc@pucc.bitnet or psyc@pucc.princeton.edu
Anonymous ftp archive is DIRECTORY pub/harnad/Psycoloquy HOST princeton.edu
- -------------------------------------------------------------
To retrieve the file by ftp from a Unix/Internet site, type either:
ftp princeton.edu
or
ftp 128.112.128.1
When you are asked for your login, type:
anonymous
Enter password as per instructions (make sure to include the specified @),
and then change directories with:
cd /pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/1993.volume.4
To show the available files, type:
ls
Next, retrieve the file you want with (for example):
get psyc.93.4.60.EEG-chaos.1.wright
[or you can abbreviate with:
mget *wright
When you have the file(s) you want, type:
quit
In case of doubt or difficulty, consult your system manager.
A more elaborate version of these instructions for the U.K. is
available on request (thanks to Brian Josephson)>
These files can also be retrieved using gopher, archie, veronica, etc.
- ----------
Where the above procedures are not available (e.g. from Bitnet or other
networks), there are two fileservers:
ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
and
bitftp@pucc.bitnet
that will do the transfer for you. To one or the
other of them, send the following one line message:
help
for instructions (which will be similar to the above, but will be in
the form of a series of lines in an email message that ftpmail or
bitftp will then execute for you).
------------------------------
Subject: Beyond Modularity: BBS Call for Book Reviewers
From: Stevan Harnad <harnad@Princeton.EDU>
Date: Sat, 15 Jan 1994 21:15:02 -0500
Below is the abstract of a book that will be accorded multiple book
review in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS), an international,
interdisciplinary journal that provides Open Peer Commentary on
important and controversial current research in the biobehavioral and
cognitive sciences. Reviewers must be current BBS Associates or
nominated by a current BBS Associate. To be considered as a reviewer
for this book, to suggest other appropriate reviewers, or for
information about how to become a BBS Associate, please send email to:
harnad@clarity.princeton.edu or harnad@pucc.bitnet or write to:
BBS, 20 Nassau Street, #240, Princeton NJ 08542 [tel: 609-921-7771]
To help us put together a balanced list of reviewers, please give some
indication of the aspects of the topic on which you would bring your
areas of expertise to bear if you are selected as a reviewer. Please
also indicate whether you already have a copy of the book or will need
one if you are selected. The author's article-length precis of the
book is available for inspection by anonymous ftp according to the
instructions that follow after the abstract.
____________________________________________________________________
BBS Multiple Book Review of:
BEYOND MODULARITY: A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE ON COGNITIVE
SCIENCE Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1992 (234 pp.)
Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Cognitive Development Unit,
Medical Research Council,
4 Taviton Street,
London WC1H 0BT, U.K.
Electronic Mail:
annette@cdu.ucl.ac.uk
KEYWORDS: cognitive development, connectionism, constructivism,
developmental stages, Fodor, modularity, nativism, Piaget,
representational redescription, species differences.
ABSTRACT: Beyond Modularity attempts a synthesis of Fodor's
anti-constructivist nativism and Piaget's anti-nativist
constructivism. Contra Fodor, I argue that: (1) the study of
cognitive development is essential to cognitive science, (2) the
module/central processing dichotomy is too rigid, and (3) the mind
does not begin with prespecified modules, but that development
involves a gradual process of modularization. Contra Piaget, I
argue that: (1) development rarely involves stage-like
domain-general change, and (2) domain-specific predispositions give
development a small but significant kickstart by focusing the
infant's attention on proprietary inputs. Development does not
stop at efficient learning. A fundamental aspect of human
development ("Representational Redescription") is the hypothesized
process by which information that is IN a cognitive system becomes
progressively explicit knowledge TO that system. Development thus
involves two complementary processes of progressive modularization
and rendering explicit. Empirical findings on the child as
linguist, physicist, mathematician, psychologist and notator are
discussed in support of the theoretical framework. Each chapter
concentrates first on the initial state of the infant mind/brain
and on subsequent domain-specific learning in infancy and early
childhood. They then go on to explore data on older children's
problem solving and theory building, with particular focus on
evolving cognitive flexibility. Throughout the book there is an
emphasis on the status of representations underlying different
capacities and on the multiple levels at which knowledge is stored
and accessible. Finally, consideration is given to the need for
more formal developmental models, and the Representational
Redescription framework is compared with connectionist simulations
of development. The concluding sections consider what is special
about human cognition and offer some speculations about the status
of representations underlying the structure of behavior in other
species.
- --------------------------------------------------------------
To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate reviewer for
this book, an electronic precis is retrievable by anonymous ftp from
princeton.edu according to the instructions below (the filename is
bbs.karmsmith). Please let us know, after having inspected it, what
relevant expertise you feel you would bring to bear on what aspect of
the article. Note that only the book, not the Precis, is the object of
the reviews.
- -------------------------------------------------------------
To retrieve a file by ftp from a Unix/Internet site, type either:
ftp princeton.edu
or
ftp 128.112.128.1
When you are asked for your login, type:
anonymous
Enter password as per instructions (make sure to include the specified @),
and then change directories with:
cd /pub/harnad/BBS
To show the available files, type:
ls
Next, retrieve the file you want with (for example):
get bbs.karmsmith
When you have the file(s) you want, type:
quit
In case of doubt or difficulty, consult your system manager.
A more elaborate version of these instructions for the U.K. is
available on request (thanks to Brian Josephson)>
These files can also be retrieved using gopher, archie, veronica, etc.
- ----------
Where the above procedures are not available (e.g. from Bitnet or other
networks), there are two fileservers:
ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
and
bitftp@pucc.bitnet
that will do the transfer for you. To one or the
other of them, send the following one line message:
help
for instructions (which will be similar to the above, but will be in
the form of a series of lines in an email message that ftpmail or
bitftp will then execute for you).
------------------------------
End of Neuron Digest [Volume 13 Issue 3]
****************************************
