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Neuron Digest Volume 05 Number 28
Neuron Digest Wednesday, 5 Jul 1989 Volume 5 : Issue 28
Today's Topics:
TR: CONNECTIONISM AND COMPOSITIONAL SEMANTICS
EURASIP Workshop on Neural Networks
TR available: Optimum Supervised Learning
Connection Science Journal
TRs on Reasoning and Somatagastic System
Back Propagation vs Perceptrons (paper reference)
Cognitive Science Society Meeting
We're back on the air with lots of submissions in backlog!
Send submissions, questions, address maintenance and requests for old issues to
"neuron-request@hplabs.hp.com" or "{any backbone,uunet}!hplabs!neuron-request"
ARPANET users can get old issues via ftp from hplpm.hpl.hp.com (15.255.16.205).
------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: TR: CONNECTIONISM AND COMPOSITIONAL SEMANTICS
From: Dave.Touretzky@B.GP.CS.CMU.EDU
Date: Wed, 31 May 89 21:53:16 -0400
CONNECTIONISM AND COMPOSITIONAL SEMANTICS
David S. Touretzky
School of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890
Technical report CMU-CS-89-147
May 1989
Abstract:
Quite a few interesting experiments have been done applying neural networks
to natural language tasks. Without detracting from the value of these early
investigations, this paper argues that current neural network architectures
are too weak to solve anything but toy language problems. Their downfall is
the need for ``dynamic inference,'' in which several pieces of information
not previously seen together are dynamically combined to derive the meaning
of a novel input. The first half of the paper defines a hierarchy of
classes of connectionist models, from categorizers and associative memories
to pattern transformers and dynamic inferencers. Some well-known
connectionist models that deal with natural language are shown to be either
categorizers or pattern transformers. The second half examines in detail a
particular natural language problem: prepositional phrase attachment.
Attaching a PP to an NP changes its meaning, thereby influencing other
attachments. So PP attachment requires compositional semantics, and
compositionality in non-toy domains requires dynamic inference. Mere
pattern transformers cannot learn the PP attachment task without an
exponential training set. Connectionist-style computation still has many
valuable ideas to offer, so this is not an indictment of connectionism's
potential. It is an argument for a more sophisticated and more symbolic
connectionist approach to language.
An earlier version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 1988
Connectionist Models Summer School.
================
TO ORDER COPIES of this tech report: send electronic mail to
copetas@cs.cmu.edu, or write the School of Computer Science at the address
above.
------------------------------
Subject: EURASIP Workshop on Neural Networks
From: Connectionists-Request@cs.cmu.edu
Date: Thu, 01 Jun 89 10:13:45 -0400
CALL FOR PAPERS
EURASIP WORKSHOP ON NEURAL NETWORKS
Sesimbra, Portugal
February 15-17, 1990
The workshop will be held at the Hotel do Mar in Sesimbra, Portugal. It
will take place in 1990, from February 15 morning to 17 noon, and will be
sponsored by EURASIP, the European Association for Signal Processing. It
will be open to participants from all countries, both from inside and
outside of Europe.
Contributions from all fields related to the neural network area are
welcome. A (non-exclusive) list of topics is given below. Care is being
taken to ensure that the workshop will have a high level of quality.
Proposed contributions will be evaluated by an international technical
committee. A proceedings volume will be published, and will be handed to
participants at the beginning of the workshop. The number of participants
will be limited to 50. Full contributions will take the form of oral
presentations, and will correspond to papers in the proceedings. Some short
contributions will also be accepted, for presentation of ongoing work,
projects (ESPRIT, BRAIN, DARPA,...), etc. They will be presented in poster
format, and will not originate any written publication. A small number of
non-contributing participants may also be accepted. The official language of
the workshop will be English.
TOPICS:
- - signal processing (speech, image,...)
- - pattern recognition
- - algorithms (training procedures, new structures, speedups,...)
- - generalization
- - implementation
- - specific applications where NN have been proved better than other
approaches
- - industrial projects and realizations
SUBMISSION PROCEDURES:
Submissions, both for long and for short contributions, will consist of
(strictly) 2-page summaries. Three copies should be sent directly to the
Technical Chairman, at the address given below. The calendar for
contributions is as follows:
Full contributions Short contributions
Deadline for submission June 15, 1989 Oct 1, 1989
Notif. of acceptance Sept 1, 1989 Nov 15, 1989
Camera-ready paper Nov 1, 1989
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
General Chairman: Luis B. Almeida, INESC, Apartado 10105,
P-1017 Lisboa, Codex, Portugal
Phone: +351-1-544607;
Fax: +351-1-525843;
E-mail: {any backbone, uunet}!mcvax!inesc!lba
Technical Chairman: Christian J. Wellekens,
Philips Research Laboratory Brussels,
Av. Van Becelaere 2, Box 8, B-1170 Brussels, Belgium
Phone: +32-2-6742275;
Fax: +32-2-6742299;
E-mail: wlk@prlb2.uucp
Technical committee:
John Bridle (Royal Signal and Radar Establishment, Malvern, UK),
Herve Bourlard (Intern. Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, USA),
Frank Fallside (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK),
Francoise Fogelman (Ecole de H. Etudes en Informatique, Paris, France),
Jeanny Herault (Institut Nat. Polytech. de Grenoble, Grenoble, France),
Larry Jackel (AT\&T Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA),
Renato de Mori (McGill University, Montreal, Canada),
H. Muehlenbein (GMD, Sankt Augustin, FRG).
REGISTRATION, FINANCE, LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS:
Joao Bilhim, INESC, Apartado 10105, P-1017 Lisboa, Codex, Portugal
Phone: +351-1-545150; Fax: +351-1-525843.
WORKSHOP SPONSOR
EURASIP - European Association for Signal Processing
CO-SPONSORS:
INESC - Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Lisbon,
Portugal
IEEE, Portugal Section
THE LOCATION:
Sesimbra is a fishermens village, located in a nice region about 30 km south
of Lisbon. Special transportation from/to Lisbon will be arranged. The
workshop will end on a Saturday at lunch time; therefore, the participants
will have the option of either flying back home in the afternoon, or staying
for sightseeing for the remainder of the weekend in Sesimbra and/or Lisbon.
An optional program for accompanying persons is being organized.
------------------------------
Subject: TR available: Optimum Supervised Learning
From: Manoel Fernando Tenorio <tenorio@ee.ecn.purdue.edu>
Date: Tue, 06 Jun 89 17:05:00 -0500
The Tech Report below will be available by June, 15. Please do not reply to
this posting. Send all you requests to jld@ee.ecn.purdue.edu
Self Organizing Neural Network for Optimum Supervised Learning
Manoel Fernando Tenorio Wei-Tsih Lee
School of Electrical Engineering School of Electrical Engineering
Purdue University Purdue University
W. Lafayette, IN. 47907 W. Lafayette, IN. 47907
tenorio@ee.ecn.purdue.edu lwt@ed.ecn.purdue.edu
Summary
Current neural network algorithms can be classified by the following
characteristics: the architecture of the network, the error criteria used,
the neuron transfer function, and the algorithm used during learning. For
example: in the case of back propagation, one would classify the algorithm
as a fixed architecture (feedforward in most cases), using a MSE criteria,
and a sigmoid function on a weighted sum of the input, with the Generalized
Delta Rule performing a gradient descent in the weight space. This
characterization is important in order to assess the power of such
algorithms from a modeling viewpoint. The expressive power of a network is
intimately related with these four features.
In this paper, we will discuss a neural network algorithm with noticeably
different characteristics from current networks. The Self Organizing Neural
Network (SONN) [TeLe88] is an algorithm that through a search process
creates the network necessary and optimum in the sense of performance and
complexity. SONN can be classified as follows. The network architecture is
constructed through a search using Simulated Annealing (SA),and it is
optimum in that sense. The error criteria used is a modification of the
Minimum Description Length Criteria called the Structure Estimation Criteria
(SEC); it takes into account both the performance of the algorithm and the
complexity of the structure generated. The neuron transfer function is
individually chosen from a pool of functions, and the weights are adjusted
during the neuron creation. This function pool can be selected with a priori
knowledge of the problem, or simply use a class of non-linearities shown to
be general enough for a wide variety of problems.
Although the algorithm is stochastic in nature (SA), we show that its
performance is extremely high both in comparative and absolute terms. In
[TeLe88], we have used SONN as an algorithm to identify and predict chaotic
series, particularly the Mackey-Glass equation [LaFa87, Mood88] was used.
For comparison, the experiments of using Back Propagation for this problem
were replicated under the same computational environment. The results
indicated that for about 10% of the computational effort, the SONN delivered
a 2.11 times better model (normalized RMSE). Some inherited aspects of the
algorithm are even more interesting: there were 3.75 times less weights, 15
times less connections, 6.51 times less epochs over the data set, and only
1/5 of the data was fed to the algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm
generates a symbolic representation of the network which can be used to
substitute it, or be used for the analysis of the problem.
******************************************************************************
We have further developed the algorithm, and although not part of the report
above, it will be part of a paper submitted to NIPS'89. There, some major
improvements on the algorithm are reported. The same chaotic series problem
can now run with 26.4 less epochs over the data set that BP, and have
generated the same model in about 18.5 seconds of computer time. (This is
down from 2 CPU hours in a Gould NP1 Powernode 9080).
Performance on a Sun 3-60 was sightly over 1 minute. These performance
figures include the use of an 8 times larger function pool; the final
performance now independs of the size of the pool.
Other aspects of the algorithm are also important considering. Because of
its stochastic nature, no two runs of the algorithm should be the same. This
can become a hindrance if a suboptimal solution is desired, since at every
run the set of suboptimal models can be different. A report on modifications
of the original SONN to run on an A* search are presented. Since the
algorithm generates partial structures at each iteration, the learning
process is only optimized for the structure presently generated. If such
substructure is used as a part of a larger structure, then no provision is
made to readjust its weights making the final model slightly stiff. A
provision for melting the structure (parametric readjustment) is also
discussed. Finally, the combination of symbolic processing with this
numerical method can lead to construction of AI-NN based methods for
supervised and unsupervised learning. The ability of SONN to take symbolic
constraints and produce symbolic information can make such a system
possible. Implications of this design are also explored.
[LaFa87] - Alans Lapedes and Robert Farber, How Neural Networks Work, TR
LA-UR-88-418, Los Alamos, 1987.
[Mood88] - J. Moody, Fast Learning in Multi-Resolution Hierarchies, Advances
in Neural Information Processing Systems, D. Touresky, Ed., Morgan Kaufmann,
1989 (NIPS88).
[TeLe88] - M. F. Tenorio and W-T Lee, Self Organizing Neural Networks for
the Identification Problem, Advances in Neural Information Processing
Systems, D. Touresky, Ed., Morgan Kaufmann, 1989 (NIPS88).
------------------------------
Subject: Connection Science Journal
From: Lyn Shackleton <lyn@CS.EXETER.AC.UK>
Date: Wed, 07 Jun 89 13:36:25 -0000
ANNOUNCEMENT
Issue 1. of the new journal CONNECTION SCIENCE has just gone to press and
Issue 2. will follow shortly. The editors are very pleased with the response
they have received and would welcome more high quality submissions or
theoretical notes.
VOLUME 1 NUMBER 1 CONTENTS
Michael C Mozer & Paul Smolensky
'Using Relevance to Reduce Network Size Automatically'
James Hendler
'The Design and Implementation of Symbolic Marker-Passing Systems'
Eduardo R Caianello, Patrik E Eklund & Aldo G S Ventre
'Implementations of the C-Calculus'
Charles P Dolan & Paul Smolensky
'Tensor Product Production System: A Modular Architecture and
Representation'
Christopher J Thornton
'Learning Mechanisms which Construct Neighbourhood Representations'
Ronald J Williams & David Zipser
'Experimental Analysis of the Real-Time Recurrent Learning
Algorithm'
Editor: Dr NOEL E SHARKEY, Centre for Connection Science, Dept of Computer
Science, University of Exeter, UK
Associate Editors:
Andy CLARK (University of Sussex, Brighton, UK)
Gary COTTRELL (University of California, San Diego, USA)
James A HENDLER (University of Maryland, USA)
Ronan REILLY (St Patrick's College, Dublin, Ireland)
Richard SUTTON (GTE Laboratories, Waltham, MA, USA)
FORTHCOMING IN VOLUMES 1 & 2
Special Issue on Natural Language, edited by Ronan Reilly & Noel Sharkey
Special Issue on Hybrid Symbolic/Connectionist Systems, edited by
James Hendler
For further details please contact.
lyn shackleton
(assistant editor)
Centre for Connection Science JANET: lyn@uk.ac.exeter.cs
Dept. Computer Science
University of Exeter UUCP: !ukc!expya!lyn
Exeter EX4 4PT
Devon BITNET: lyn@cs.exeter.ac.uk.UKACRL
U.K.
------------------------------
Subject: TRs on Reasoning and Somatagastic System
From: Ron Sun <rsun@cs.brandeis.edu>
Date: Mon, 12 Jun 89 09:07:57 -0400
[[ Editor's Note: This is an interesting juxtaposition of topics! Wet-ware
enthusiasts, I'm sure, would wish to remind the non-biologists in the field
that the spiny lobster stomatogastric system is one of the best understood
complete "neural nets" we currently have (another being, the sluggish
aplysia). Creating computational models which provide predictions, not
merely mimicry, would be a great step forward in the wedding of artifical
and natural neural network models. -PM ]]
The following two tech reports are available from
rsun%cs.brandeis.edu@relay.cs.net
or
R. Sun
Brandeis U.
CS
Waltham, MA 02254
#############################################################
A Discrete Neural Network Model
for Conceptual Representation and Reasoning
Ron Sun
Computer Science Dept.
Brandeis University
Waltham, MA 02254
Current connectionist models are oversimplified in
terms of the internal mechanisms of individual neurons and
the communication between them. Although connectionist
models offer significant advantages in certain aspects, this
oversimplification leads to the inefficiency of these models
in addressing issues in explicit symbolic processing, which
is proven to be essential to human intelligence. What we
are aiming at is a connectionist architecture which is capa-
ble of simple, flexible representations of high level
knowledge structures and efficient performance of reasoning
based on the data. We first propose a discrete neural net-
work model which contains state variables for each neuron in
which a set of discrete states is explicitly specified
instead of a continuous activation function. A technique is
developed for representing concepts in this network, which
utilizes the connections to define the concepts and
represents the concepts in both verbal and compiled forms.
The main advantage is that this scheme can handle variable
bindings efficiently. A reasoning scheme is developed in
the discrete neural network model, which utilizes the
inherent parallelism in a neural network model, performing
all possible inference steps in parallel, implementable in a
fine-grained massively parallel computer.
(to appear in Proc. CogSci Conf. 1989)
###############################################################
Model local neural networks in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion
Ron Sun
Eve Marder
David Waltz
Brandeis University
Waltham, MA 02254
ABSTRACT
We describe a simulation study of the pyloric network
of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. We demonstrate that
a few simple activation functions are sufficient to describe
the oscillatory behavior of the network. Our aim is to
determine the essential mechanisms necessary to specify the
operation of biological neural networks so that we can
incorporate them into connectionist models. Our model
includes rhythmically active bursting neurons and long
time-constant synaptic relations. In the process of doing
this work, various models and algorithms were compared. We
have derived some connectionist learning algorithms. They
have proved useful in terms of ease and accuracy in model
generation.
(to appear in IJCNN-89)
**************************************************************
------------------------------
Subject: Back Propagation vs Perceptrons (paper reference)
From: worden@emx.utexas.edu (Sue J. Worden)
Date: Tue, 13 Jun 89 06:09:50 -0500
Persons working with "structured" type neural networks may be interested in
the following paper:
Brady, Martin L.; Raghu Raghavan; Joseph Slawny. "Back Propagation Fails to
Separate Where Perceptrons Succeed". IEEE Trans. Circuits & Systems,
Vol.36, No.5, May 1989, pp.665-674.
Abstract: "It is widely believed that the back propagation algorithm in
neural networks, for tasks such as pattern classification, overcomes the
limitations of the perceptron. We construct several counterexamples to this
belief. We also construct linearly separable examples which have a unique
minimum which fails to separate two families of vectors, and a simple
example with four two-dimensional vectors in a single layer network showing
local minima with a large basin of attraction. Thus back propagation is
guaranteed to fail in the first, and likely to in the second, example. We
show that even multilayered (hidden layer) networks can also fail in this
way to classify linearly separable problems. Since our examples are all
linearly separable, the perceptron would correctly classify them. Our
results disprove the presumption, made in recent years, that, barring local
minima, back propagation will find the best set of weights for a given
problem."
------------------------------
Subject: Cognitive Science Society Meeting
From: Sue Schuon <sue@csmil.umich.edu>
Date: Fri, 09 Jun 89 15:24:18 -0400
*********************************
* Program Announcement *
*The 11th Annual Conference of *
*The Cognitive Science Society *
* August 16-19, 1989 *
* University of Michigan *
* Ann Arbor, Michigan *
*********************************
TECHNICAL PROGRAM
INVITED SPEAKERS
Roger Shepard, Stanford University
Ulric Neisser, Emory University
David Waltz, Thinking Machines
SYMPOSIA
Cognitive Science Ten Years After the Society's Initial Meeting
Distributed Representations in Adaptive Systems
Connectionist Models of Language
Conceptual Change in Scientists and Children
The Role of Attention in High Level Vision: Cognitive Neuroscience
Perspectives
Rules & Inductive Reasoning
Distributed Cognition
On-Line Analyses of Sentence Processing: The Role of Structure and Inference
Applications of Cognitive Science
TECHNICAL PAPERS
POSTER SESSIONS
PRE-CONFERENCE TUTORIALS
Parallel Distributed Processing, Jay McClelland & David Rumelhart (Full Day)
Soar, John Laird, Alan Newell, & Paul Rosenbloom (Half Day)
GENERAL INFORMATION
SCHEDULE
Wednesday
9:00 am - 5:00 pm -- PDP Tutorial
1:00 pm - 5:00 pm -- Soar Tutorial
7:00 pm -10:30 pm -- Opening Reception & Poster Session
Thursday
8:30 am - 6:00 pm -- Technical Program
7:00 pm -10:00 pm -- Reception & Poster Session
Friday
8:30 am - 6:00 pm -- Technical Program
6:30 pm - 9:00 pm -- Banquet
Saturday
8:00 am - 5:00 pm -- Technical Program
LOCATION The 11th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society will be
held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on the Central Campus of The University of
Michigan. Conference sessions will be held in the Michigan League, 911 N.
University. The meeting is located within walking distance of restaurants,
shopping areas, museums and galleries. Even during the summer the University
offers a wide range of cultural activities including plays, concerts,
libraries, and movies. Ann Arbor also provides a rich mixture of
recreational and cultural events. In some of the excellent - parks, for
example, you may rent equipment for canoeing and paddle boating or go
swimming or take a botanical garden walk.
ADVANCED REGISTRATION To assure your reservation for the conference, please
complete the accompanying registration form and return it to the address
below:
University of Michigan Extension Service
Department of Conferences & Institutes
200 Hill Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-3297
The conference registration desk will open at 7:30 a.m. on Wednesday, August
16, on the second floor Concourse of the Michigan League, 911 N. University
Avenue. It will remain open during the tutorials and reopen at 7:30 a.m. on
Thursday, August 17, for the conference sessions. Staff will be available
throughout the conference at the registration desk.
FEES
Conference Registration (August 17 - 19)
Advanced (by Aug. 1) On-site (after Aug. 1)
Member: $120.00 $160.00
Nonmember: $160.00 $200.00
Student: $80.00 $100.00
Banquet: $30.00
Tutorial Registration (August 16)
PDP Soar
University/Government: $120.00 $ 60.00
Corporate: $250.00 $125.00
Student: $ 80.00 $ 40.00
Fees for advanced registration by check or money order payable to University
of Michigan Extension Service. Remittance should be made in U.S. funds drawn
on a U.S. bank. Advance registrants' conference fees may be charged on VISA
and Mastercard as indicated on the registration form. Credit cards will not
be accepted for on- site registration.
The banquet has a separate fee and should be ordered in advance. The
Conference Banquet will be at the Michigan League on Friday evening, August
18, and the fee is $30 per person. Please send payment for banquet together
with the registration fee.
CANCELLATIONS Cancellations received by telephone or written application
prior to August 9 will be entitled to a full refund minus a $10 handling
charge. Refunds will take approximately six to eight weeks. Those who do not
appear at the conference, thereby cancelling by default, will not be
eligible to receive any refund.
CONFIRMATION OF REGISTRATION Acknowledgements confirming registration in the
conference sessions, guests' programs, etc, will be sent to the participants
after the remittance has been received if time permits. Off-campus lodging
confirmations will be sent directly from the hotel chosen by the
participant.
ACCOMMODATIONS Accommodations for participants in the conference and their
spouses and guests are available at the facilities listed below. To arrange
for hotel rooms, please contact the hotel directly. Reservations should be
placed not later than July 25, 1989, to assure accommodations. These
facilities will honor reservations until 6:00 p.m. on the date you indicate
you will arrive. Reservations will be held after that time only if prior
arrangements are made to guarantee late arrival. All rates are subject to
change and a 6% tax is levied. Mention the Cognitive Science Society when
making your reservation.
Ann Arbor Inn:
Huron at Fourth Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48104,
(313) 769-9500, about four blocks from the conference.
Rates: $62, single occupancy, and $72, double occupancy.
Bell Tower Hotel:
300 S. Thayer Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104,
(313)769-3010, less than one block from the conference.
Rates: $70, single occupancy, and $80, double occupancy.
Campus Inn:
East Huron at State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104,
(313)769-2200, about two blocks from the conference.
Rates: $60, single occupancy, and $70, double occupancy.
University Residence Hall Lodging: Mosher-Jordan Residence Hall, three
blocks northeast of the meeting on U-M Central Campus, and Cambridge House,
three blocks southwest, will offer lodging the nights of August 15-18. All
rooms have single beds or bunk beds; there are no double beds. In
Mosher-Jordan, participants will share several large communal bathrooms on
each floor. Cambridge House features private bath facilities. Both
Residence Halls are air-conditioned. Residence Hall front desk hours are
7:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Only Residence Hall lodgers will have keys and
access to the buildings 24 hours a day.
Cost for rooms in both residence halls is $108.16, single, and a double is
$74.88 per person for the four-night package.
Participants with accompanying children under 12 are not encouraged to stay
in the dormitories, due to the lack of space and lounge areas. Children 12
and over may stay in the dorms at the adult rate.
Participants desiring lodging in the residence halls should make
reservations on the Conference Registration form. Payment for residence
hall lodging should be made in advance with the registration fees. No
residence hall reservations will be accepted after July 25, 1989. If
residence hall reservations are cancelled after August 1, cost of a night's
lodging will be deducted from the refund.
The residence hall package provides lodging for the nights of August 15-18
(check-out by noon on August 19). If you need lodging prior to the 15th or
after the l9th, you must make arrangements with a local hotel or there may
be space available in the Mary Markley Residence Hall, 1503 Washington Hts.
(across the street from Mosher- Jordan/Stockwell). To stay at Mary Markley
(313)764-5297, you will need to make your own reservation and make payment
directly to The University of Michigan Housing Office.
CHILD CARE Due to insurance constraints, The University cannot provide child
care. The hotels have some child care arrangements, but must be contacted in
advance by the participant to discuss details.
MEALS A banquet open to all registrants and their spouses and guests will be
held at the Michigan League on Friday, August 18, 1989. The cost of the
banquet is $30 per person. Vegetarians and persons with other special
dietary/medical requirements should indicate that information on the
conference registration form.
All other meals may be obtained on your own at restaurants and hotels in the
Ann Arbor area. There are numerous restaurants within five blocks of the
conference. Ethnic specialties, fast food, cafeteria fare, and excellent
American dishes can be chosen. Costs range from economical to expensive;
ambiance, from spartan to luxurious. Listings will be provided among the
conference materials distributed at the meeting.
TRANSPORTAION Ann Arbor may be reached by car via US-23 from the north and
south and I-94 and M-14 from the east and west. The city is served by the
Detroit Metropolitan Airport (25 miles east of Ann Arbor) with regular daily
flights via major domestic and international airlines. There is regularly
scheduled limousine service between the airport and Ann Arbor. Tickets may
be purchased at the Ground Transportation Desk at the airport for $13
one-way and $24 round trip. There is a "no refund" policy. Stops will be
made at the conference hotels and University residence halls. Return
reservations are required; call 1-800- 351-5466 from Ann Arbor. Taxi service
from the airport to Ann Arbor hotels is approximately $30.00 one way. Major
car rental companies are located at the Detroit Metropolitan Airport. Ann
Arbor is also served by Greyhound Bus and Amtrak Railroad Service.
Participants are urged to contact their local travel offices for current
air, bus, and rail service schedules and rates.
Most conference activities are within comfortable walking distance of one
another. There is no need to bring a car to this event unless you have
additional plans which would require independent transportation. Ann Arbor
has an excellent bus system which provides access to the city and
surrounding communities. Each ride is 60 cents. University buses are free
and serve all campus areas.
SOCIAL EVENTS A welcoming reception and poster session will be held in the
Michigan League Ballroom on Wednesday, August 16, from 5-7 p.m. A cash bar
and light hors d'oeuvres will be provided. On Thursday, August 17, there
will be a reception in the Ballroom in conjunction with the poster display.
These events will provide opportunities to greet old friends and welcome new
Society members.
On Friday, August 18, the Society will hold its banquet from 6:30-9 p.m. at
the Michigan League. The cost of the event is $30 per person. Tickets may be
ordered on the registration form. Participants would be well advised to
order banquet ticket(s) in advance.
RECREATION Conference participants and their registered guests may purchase
passes to use the Central Campus Recreation Building (CCRB), located near
the Residence Halls, two blocks from the conference sites. A weekly pass
costs $12 and a daily pass is $4 per person. Passes can be purchased at the
conference registration desk or at the Residence Hall registration desk upon
arrival. CCRB contains courts for racquetball, squash, volleyball and
basketball, and a swimming pool, indoor jogging track, weight training
rooms, saunas, and other features. Nearby outdoor facilities include a
jogging track, softball fields and tennis courts.
SMOKING POLICY No smoking is allowed in University buildings except in
designated areas. The designated areas are identified in public buildings
and you may smoke in your own room in the Residence Hall. This will mean
that there is no smoking allowed in the meeting rooms where the conference
will be held.
PARKING Limited parking is available in the University's structures on
Fletcher Street, one block east of the Rackham Building; on Thayer Street,
one block west of the Rackham Building; and on Thompson Street, one block
west of the Michigan Union, at $4.00 per day, payable at the structures.
Participants staying in Mosher-Jordan and Cambridge House Residence Halls
may buy parking permits for a University parking facility at $4.00 per day.
These permits will be available at the main desk in the dormitory. Such
parking is usually five-six blocks from the Residence Halls.
Conference hotels provide different parking arrangements for registered
guests. Please check with the hotel when making your original reservations
to determine the policy.
WEATHER Ann Arbor is a northern city, some 55 miles from Lake Erie. Average
August temperatures range from nighttime lows of 57 F degrees to daytime
highs of 79 F degrees. Rain, although infrequent, is possible.
Further Information Additional information about registration and other
administrative questions should be addressed to:
The University of Michigan Extension Service
Department of Conferences & Institutes
200 Hill Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-3297
phone: (313) 764-5304
Requests or questions concerning the conference technical program should be
addressed to Gary M. Olson, University of Michigan, Cognitive Science and
Machine Intelligence Laboratory, 701 Tappan Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1234
or gmo@csmil.umich.edu
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** 11th Annual Conference of the **
** Cognitive Science Society **
** The University of Michigan **
** Ann Arbor, Michigan **
**August 16-19, 1989 Registration Form 401684**
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**************************************************
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*(for office use only) ck/m.o.# ______$ ______________ *
*Personal check ____ Other check ____ *
*Issued by ________________________________ *
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Please complete this form and return before August 1, 1989,
to assure acknowledgement. Accompanying visitors should
be included on participant's form. Please print or type.
Name _______________________ Title ___________________
Organization _________________________________________
Address _____________________________________________
City ____________ State _______ Zip ____________
Daytime Phone ( )___________ E-mail ____________
Accompanied by (Names, include ages of children)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
**ADVANCED REGISTRATION FEES**
_____ Member @ $120.00 $_________________
_____ Nonmember @ $160.00 $_________________
_____ Student @ $ 80.00 $_________________
_____ Banquet @ $ 30.00 $_________________
Special Dietary Requirement _____________________
**TUTORIAL FEES**
Parallel Distributed Processing
_____ University/Government @ $120.00 $___________
_____ Corporate @ $250.00 $___________
_____ Student @ $80.00 $___________
Soar
_____ University/Government @ $60.00 $___________
_____ Corporate @ $125.00 $___________
_____ Student @ $40.00 $___________
*RESIDENCE HALL HOUSING*
(fees are per person and include 4 nights)
_____ Single @ $108.16 $___________________
_____ Double @74.88 $___________________
Circle one: Male Female
Dorm-arrange roommate? Yes _____ No _____
Name of pre-arranged roommate: ____________________
Total Fees $_____________________
*METHOD OF PAYMENT*
_____ Enclosed is check/money order for the total amount
in US funds payable to University of Michigan
Extension Service.
_____ Please charge my credit card#__________________
_____ VISA _____ Mastercard Expiration date: ________
Signature: _______________________________
MAIL TO: U-M Extension Service, Conferences &
Institutes, 200 Hill Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-3297.
Telephone: (313) 764-5304
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End of Neurons Digest
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