Como recompilar o Linux kernel

Death Knights Issue 5

eZine lover (@eZine)

Published in 

Death Knights

 · 2 years ago

CeZiNHa

Para compilar o kernel eh necessario o arquivo linux-2.0.xx.tar.gz (onde xx eh a versao mais atual). Esse texto explica como atualizar o kernel 2.0.xx, a configuracao eh a mais simples, em caso de duvida leia /usr/src/linux/README, ou ainda

Download
ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/
ftp://ftp.kernel.com/pub/
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel

Copie o arquivo linux-2.0.xx.tar.gz para /usr/src

                cp linux-2.0.xx.tar.gz /usr/src

Descompacte o arquivo (nao esqueca de alterar 'xx' para a versao atual)

                cd /usr/src 
                tar zxvpf linux-2.0.xx.tar.gz

Vc pode usar patch para atualizar o kernel tb.

                cd /usr/src 
                gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0

Tenha certeza que os links simbolicos estao corretos:

                cd /usr/include 
                rm -rf asm linux scsi 
                ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm-i386 asm 
                ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux linux 
                ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/scsi scsi

Compilando

   cd /usr/src/linux 
   make mrproper 
   make menuconfig (pode ser usado tb 'make config' no console mesmo ou 'make xconfig' no X)

Configuracoes
Ao executar o menunconfig, aparecera um menu com opcoes. Deve-se escolher cada opcao, a partir dai aparecerao outros menus. Tecle 'Y' para incluir, 'N' para excluir, 'M' para deixar como modulo, 'ESC ESC' para sair, ? para help. Legenda: [*] built-in [ ] excluido <M> modulo <> aceita modulo

Configuracao simples: Este eh um exemplo configuracao basica do kernel 2.0.35 com acesso discado a Internet, c/ cdrom IDE, e placa de som SoundBlaster 16, s/ scsi para um Pentium. Algumas opcoes podem ser diferentes dependendo do kernel.

Code maturity levels options

     [ ] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers

Loadable module support

     [*] Enable loadable module support 
     [ ] Set version information on all symbols for modules 
     [*] Kernel daemon support (e.g. autoload of modules)

General setup

     [ ] Kernel math emulation 
     [*] Networking support 
     [ ] Limit memory to low 16MB 
     [*] PCI bios support 
     [*] System V IPC 
     <*> Kernel support for a.out binaries 
     <*> Kernel support for ELF binaries 
     [*] Compile kernel as ELF - if your GCC is ELF-GCC 
     (Pentium) Processor type ----- Aqui vc tem q escolher qual seu processador

Floppy, IDE, and other block devices

     <*> Normal floppy disk support 
     [*] Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL disk/cdrom/tape/floppy support 
     --- Please see Documentation/ide.txt for help/info on IDE drives 
     [ ]    Use old disk-only driver on primary interface 
     [*]    Include IDE/ATAPI CDROM support 
     [ ]    Include IDE/ATAPI TAPE support 
     [ ]    Include IDE/ATAPI FLOPPY support (new) 
     [ ]    SCSI emulation support 
     [ ]    Support removable IDE interfaces (PCMCIA) 
     [ ]    CMD640 chipset bugfix/support 
     [ ]    RZ1000 chipset bugfix/support 
     [ ]    Intel 82371 PIIX (Triton I/II) DMA support 
     [ ]    Other IDE chipset support 
     --- Additional Block Devices 
     < > Loopback device support 
     [ ] Multiple devices driver support 
     < > RAM disk support 
     < > XT harddisk support 
     < > Parallel port IDE device support

Networking options

     [ ] Network firewalls 
     [ ] Network aliasing 
     [*] TCP/IP networking 
     [ ] IP: forwarding/gatewaying 
     [ ] IP: multicasting 
     [ ] IP: syn cookies 
     [ ] IP: accounting 
     [ ] IP: optimize as router not host 
     < > IP: tunneling 
     --- (it is safe to leave these untouched) 
     [ ] IP: PC/TCP compatibility mode 
     < > IP: Reverse ARP 
     [ ] IP: Disable Path MTU Discovery (normally enabled) 
     [*] IP: Drop source routed frames 
     [*] IP: Allow large windows (not recommended if <16Mb of memory) 
     --- 
     < > The IPX protocol 
     < > Appletalk DDP 
     < > Amateur Radio AX.25 Level 2 
     [ ] Kernel/User network link driver

SCSI support

     < > SCSI support

Network device support

     [*] Network device support 
     <M> Dummy net driver support 
     < > EQL (serial line load balancing) support 
     < > PLIP (parallel port) support 
     <M> PPP (point-to-point) support 
     --- CCP compressors for PPP are only built as modules. 
     < > SLIP (serial line) support 
     [ ] Radio network interfaces 
     [ ] Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) 
     [ ] Token Ring driver support 
     [ ] FDDI driver support 
     < > ARCnet support

ISDN subsystem

     < > ISDN support

CD-ROM drivers (not for SCSI or IDE/ATAPI drives)

     [ ] Support non-SCSI/IDE/ATAPI CDROM drives

Filesystems

     [ ] Quota support 
     <M> Minix fs support 
     < > Extended fs support 
     <*> Second extended fs support 
     < > xiafs filesystem support 
     <*> Native language support (Needed for FAT and ISO9660) 
     <M> ISO9660 cdrom filesystem support 
     <M> DOS FAT fs support 
     <M> MSDOS fs support 
     < > umsdos: Unix like fs on top of std MSDOS FAT fs 
     <M> VFAT (Windows-95) fs support 
     <*> Codepage 437 
     < > Codepage 737 
     < > Codepage 775 
     < > Codepage 850 
     < > Codepage 852 
     < > Codepage 855 
     < > Codepage 857 
     < > Codepage 860 
     < > Codepage 861 
     < > Codepage 862 
     < > Codepage 863 
     < > Codepage 864 
     < > Codepage 865 
     < > Codepage 866 
     < > Codepage 869 
     < > Codepage 874 
     <*> NLS ISO 8859-1 
     < > NLS ISO 8859-2 
     < > NLS ISO 8859-3 
     < > NLS ISO 8859-4 
     < > NLS ISO 8859-5 
     < > NLS ISO 8859-6 
     < > NLS ISO 8859-7 
     < > NLS ISO 8859-8 
     < > NLS ISO 8859-9 
     < > NLS KOI8-R 
     [*] /proc filesystem support 
     < > NFS filesystem support 
     < > SMB filesystem support (to mount WfW shares etc..) 
     < > OS/2 HPFS filesystem support (read only) 
     < > System V and Coherent filesystem support 
     < > UFS filesystem support (read only)

Character devices

     <*> Standard/generic serial support 
     [ ] Digiboard PC/Xx Support 
     < > Cyclades async mux support 
     [ ] Stallion multiport serial support 
     < > SDL RISCom/8 card support 
     <M> Parallel printer support 
     < > Specialix IO8+ card support 
     [ ] Mouse Support (not serial mice) 
     [ ] Support for user misc device modules 
     [ ] QIC-02 tape support 
     < > Ftape (QIC-80/Travan) support 
     [ ] Advanced Power Management BIOS support 
     [ ] Watchdog Timer Support 
     [ ] Enhanced Real Time Clock Support

Sound

     <M> Sound card support 
     Old configuration script (For: SM Wave, PSS & AudioTrix Pro) --> 
     [ ] ProAudioSpectrum 16 support 
     [*] Sound Blaster (SB, SBPro, SB16, clones) support 
     [*] Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support 
     [ ] Gravis Ultrasound support 
     [ ] MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16) 
     [ ] 6850 UART Midi support 
     [ ] PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support 
     [ ] 16 bit sampling option of GUS (_NOT_ GUS MAX) 
     [ ] GUS MAX support 
     [ ] Microsoft Sound System support 
     [ ] Ensoniq SoundScape support 
     [ ] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro support 
     [ ] Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards 
     [ ] Support for Crystal CS4232 based (PnP) cards 
     [ ] Support for Turtle Beach Wave Front (Maui, Tropez) synthesizers 
     [*] /dev/dsp and /dev/audio support 
     [*] MIDI interface support 
     [*] FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support 
     (220) I/O base for SB Check from manual of the card 
     (5) Sound Blaster IRQ Check from manual of the card 
     (1) Sound Blaster DMA 0, 1 or 3 
     (5) Sound Blaster 16 bit DMA (_REQUIRED_for SB16, Jazz16, SMW) 5, 6 o 
     (0) MPU401 I/O base of SB16, Jazz16 and ES1688 Check from manual of t 
     (-1) SB MPU401 IRQ (Jazz16, SM Wave and ES1688) Use -1 with SB16 
     (65536) Audio DMA buffer size 4096, 16384, 32768 or 65536 
     [ ] Additional low level drivers

Kernel hacking

     [ ] Kernel profiling support

Tecle <ESC><ESC> depois grave a configuracao. Digite:

  $ make dep 
  $ make clean 
  $ make install

De um boot no sistema e verifique se aparecera a mensagem:

   Welcome to Linux 2.0.35.

Prontim.. compilado. Em caso de duvidas, verifique Kernel-HOWTO

CeZiNHa cezinha@DeathKnights.com