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CERT Advisory 115
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=============================================================================
CERT(sm) Advisory CA-96.10
Original issue date: May 28, 1996
Last revised: August 30, 1996
Information previously in the README was inserted
into the advisory.
A complete revision history is at the end of this file.
Topic: NIS+ Configuration Vulnerability
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The text of this advisory was originally released by the Australian
Emergency Response Team on May 20, 1996, and updated on May 27, 1996, as
AUSCERT advisory AA-96.02a.
Because of the seriousness of the problem, we are reprinting the AUSCERT
advisory here with their permission. Only the contact information at the
end has changed: AUSCERT contact information has been replaced with
CERT/CC contact information.
We will update this advisory as we receive additional information.
Please check advisory files regularly for updates that relate to your site.
=============================================================================
AUSCERT has received information that a vulnerability exists under some
configurations of NIS+. In vulnerable installations of NIS+, the access
rights on the NIS+ passwd table are left in an unsecure state.
This vulnerability is known to exist in NIS+ installations initially created
on Solaris 2.5 servers. Similar vulnerabilities in NIS+ configurations may
also exist in previous versions of Solaris 2.
This vulnerability may allow any user with valid NIS+ credentials to gain
root privileges.
AUSCERT recommends that any site which has NIS+ installed take this
opportunity to check their installations and apply the appropriate
workarounds as described in Section 3.
** This updated advisory contains clarifications for sites requiring password
** aging facilities and sites running their NIS+ servers in NIS compatibility
** mode.
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1. Description
NIS+ provides distributed network access to information sources such as
password, group and host information. It maintains this information in
the form of NIS+ tables. NIS+ tables contain the administrative
information normally supplied by local files (such as /etc/passwd). As
with the standard Unix administration files, setting secure permissions
on the NIS+ tables is of utmost importance in maintaining system
security.
NIS+ provides a comprehensive set of access rights for NIS+ tables. This
includes permissions not only on NIS+ tables but also individual columns
and entries in those tables. Due to the added complexity, sites need to
be particularly diligent in ensuring that permissions on NIS+ tables (and
associated entries and columns) are secure.
AUSCERT encourages sites running NIS+ to gain a good understanding of
the permission model used by NIS+. A complete description may be found
in the NIS+ documentation set. The rest of this advisory assumes a good
understanding of NIS+ permission controls.
AUSCERT has received information that under some installations of NIS+
the permissions on the NIS+ passwd table are left in an unsecure state.
This vulnerability is known to exist in NIS+ installations initially
created on Solaris 2.5 servers. Similar vulnerabilities in NIS+
configurations may also exist in previous versions of Solaris 2.
2. Impact
Any user with login access to a client or server that uses NIS+ for
authentication may gain root privileges.
3. Workarounds
NIS+ uses an access control mechanism for granting access to NIS+ tables
which is similar (but not identical) to that used by the standard Unix
file system. NIS+ tables are assigned permissions for the NIS+ user
categories nobody, owner, group and world. NIS+ also has permissions
associated with columns and individual entries in NIS+ tables.
Under some installations of NIS+ the permissions of the NIS+ passwd
table and its columns are left in an unsecure state. These permissions
can be viewed using niscat(1).
To check the permissions on the NIS+ passwd table, sites can use:
# niscat -o passwd.org_dir
This should produce output similar to:
Object Name : passwd
Owner : myhost.mydomain.org.
Group : admin.mydomain.org.
Domain : org_dir.mydomain.org.
Access Rights : ----rmcdrmcd----
Time to Live : 12:0:0
Object Type : TABLE
Table Type : passwd_tbl
Number of Columns : 8
Character Separator : :
Search Path :
Columns :
[0] Name : name
Attributes : (SEARCHABLE, TEXTUAL DATA, CASE SENSITIVE)
Access Rights : r---------------
[1] Name : passwd
Attributes : (TEXTUAL DATA)
Access Rights : -----m----------
[2] Name : uid
Attributes : (SEARCHABLE, TEXTUAL DATA, CASE SENSITIVE)
Access Rights : r---------------
[3] Name : gid
Attributes : (TEXTUAL DATA)
Access Rights : r---------------
[4] Name : gcos
Attributes : (TEXTUAL DATA)
Access Rights : r---------------
[5] Name : home
Attributes : (TEXTUAL DATA)
Access Rights : r---------------
[6] Name : shell
Attributes : (TEXTUAL DATA)
Access Rights : r---------------
[7] Name : shadow
Attributes : (TEXTUAL DATA)
Access Rights : ----------------
This output shows two types of access rights associated with the NIS+
passwd table. First, the default access rights for the table, which are
given at the start of the output (----rmcdrmcd----). Second, the access
rights associated with each column.
In particular, sites should check the access rights on the columns of
the NIS+ passwd table. It should be noted that it appears that individual
entries of the passwd table are owned by individual users. The above
access rights do not allow a user to modify any part of their passwd
table entry besides their own passwd field. For many environments this
is acceptable.
However, depending on the local site configuration and requirements,
additional access rights may also be needed.
- Sites that wish users to be able to change their shell or gcos
information may have the (m)odify bit set for owner on the shell or gcos
column as needed.
- Sites that have their NIS+ servers running in NIS compatibility
mode to serve NIS clients may require (r)ead permission for nobody on the
NIS+ passwd table.
- Sites that are using password aging may require additional access
rights on the shadow column. The exact access rights will depend on the
particular NIS+ version (including patches). Sites are encouraged to
check their local documentation for more information.
Other than this, the access rights on columns should appear as shown in
the niscat(1) output above.
Any additional access rights on the table or its columns besides those
shown above may allow a user to gain additional privileges, including
possibly root. Sites should completely understand the ramifications if
they allow additional access rights.
Sites may set the access rights on the NIS+ passwd table, as shown in the
above output, by issuing the following commands as root on the master
NIS+ server.
To set the default access rights for the NIS+ passwd table:
# nischmod na-rmcd,og+rmcd passwd.org_dir
To set the column access rights on the NIS+ passwd table:
# nistbladm -u name=na-rmcd,n=r passwd.org_dir
# nistbladm -u passwd=na-rmcd,o=m passwd.org_dir
# nistbladm -u uid=na-rmcd,n=r passwd.org_dir
# nistbladm -u gid=na-rmcd,n=r passwd.org_dir
# nistbladm -u gcos=na-rmcd,n=r passwd.org_dir
# nistbladm -u home=na-rmcd,n=r passwd.org_dir
# nistbladm -u shell=na-rmcd,n=r passwd.org_dir
# nistbladm -u shadow=na-rmcd passwd.org_dir
After making any changes in access rights, AUSCERT recommends that sites
verify the changes they have made using niscat(1), as shown previously.
Sites that have replica NIS+ servers may use nisping(1m) to propagate
the changes to the replica servers in a timely manner.
4. Additional measures
AUSCERT recommends that sites take this opportunity to ensure that all
NIS+ tables have access rights in accordance with the local site security
policy. This also includes checking access rights on all the columns
and entries of the NIS+ tables in addition to the default access rights
of the tables themselves.
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AUSCERT wishes to thank Ivan Angus and David Clarke of ANU for reporting this
vulnerability and for their advice in the preparation of this advisory.
AUSCERT also acknowledges Marek Krawus of UQ, Reinhard Uebel and Mark
McPherson of QTAC for their assistance.
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The AUSCERT team have made every effort to ensure that the information
contained in this document is accurate. However, the decision to use the
information described is the responsibility of each user or organisation.
The appropriateness of this document for an organisation or individual system
should be considered before application in conjunction with local policies
and procedures. AUSCERT takes no responsibility for the consequences of
applying the contents of this document.
=============================================================================
CERT Contact Information
- ------------------------
If you believe that your system has been compromised, contact the CERT
Coordination Center or your representative in the Forum of Incident
Response and Security Teams (FIRST).
We strongly urge you to encrypt any sensitive information you send by email.
The CERT Coordination Center can support a shared DES key and PGP. Contact
the CERT staff for more information.
Location of CERT PGP key
ftp://info.cert.org/pub/CERT_PGP.key
Email cert@cert.org
Phone +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)
CERT personnel answer 8:30-5:00 p.m. EST
(GMT-5)/EDT(GMT-4), and are on call for
emergencies during other hours.
Fax +1 412-268-6989
Postal address
CERT Coordination Center
Software Engineering Institute
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
USA
CERT publications, information about FIRST representatives, and other
security-related information are available for anonymous FTP from
http://www.cert.org/
ftp://info.cert.org/pub/
CERT advisories and bulletins are also posted on the USENET newsgroup
comp.security.announce
To be added to our mailing list for CERT advisories and bulletins, send your
email address to
cert-advisory-request@cert.org
Copyright 1996 Carnegie Mellon University
This material may be reproduced and distributed without permission provided
it is used for noncommercial purposes and the copyright statement is
included.
CERT is a service mark of Carnegie Mellon University.
==============================================================================
UPDATES
CERT/CC received information concerning an additional problem with the
ROW access rights in the NIS+ password table. Accounts created on
Solaris 2.4 and 2.5 systems have excessive rights on the system.
These new super accounts have read, modify, create, and delete access
rights on their own rows in the nisplus password table. This means
they can alter all attributes on their own entries.
To determine if your system is so affected, execute the following:
% niscat -o '[name=juke],passwd.org_dir' | egrep "Access"
If the output displays information similar to the following:
Access Rights : ----rmcdr---r---
^^^^
then the owner can read, modify, change, and delete information.
The rights at this level should be more restrictive, and the individual rights
on entries should be less restrictive. The less restrictive rights on entries
allow a user to change their password entry, the GECOS field, and even the
shell depending upon how the entry rights are set.
The output from the niscat above should look like the following:
Access Rights : ----r-----------
This allows only the user to read information from the password table.
One way to determine which entries in the password table need to be changed is
the following:
% niscat -o '[ ],passwd.org_dir' | egrep "Owner|rmc"
To fix the entries, use the following:
% nischmod o=r,ngw-rmdc '[ ],passwd.org_dir'
This sets the owner permissions to r (read) and removes all permissions from
nobody, group, and world.
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Revision history
Aug. 30, 1996 Information previously in the README was inserted into the
advisory.
Beginning of the advisory - removed AUSCERT advisory header
to avoid confusion.
June 12, 1996 Updates section - added clarification concerning ROW access
rights.
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