Copy Link
Add to Bookmark
Report
Phruwt Issue 04 007
Holes in Phone Systems beginning January 1, 1995...
North American Numbering Plan (NANP)
====================================
In the next six years, more than a dozen area codes throughout North American
will be unable to meet customer demands (attachment 1). The reason for this
is due to the rapid emergence of different methods of communication such as
cellular phones, faxes, data lines, pagers, and other personal communication
devices. It is not uncommon for the typical business person to have three or
four telephone numbers reserved for their personal use. This along with the
steady increase in overall population has put a drain on the pool of existing
telephone numbers. To combat the dearth of numbers, the current North American
Numbering Plan is being revised.
Interchangeable Area Codes
--------------------------
At the heart of the original NANP is a N(0/1)X-NXX-XXXX dialing format. In
this scheme, N is equal to any digit between 2 and 9, the second digit of the
area code is limited to either a 0 or 1, and X is equal to any digit between 0
and 9. As a result of these restrictions, the area code pool has been limited
to 160 codes (144 geographic plus 16 service codes).
Under the revised NANP, the format will become NXX-NXX-XXXX where N is any
digit between 2 and 9, and X is any digit between 0 and 9. This will allow the
creation of 640 new area codes. Because it will be possible for both the area
code and central office codes to be identical, this facet of NANP expansion is
commonly referred to as Interchangeable Numbering Plan Area or INPA.
Expanded Carrier Identification Code (CIC)
------------------------------------------
In addition to INPA, the Carrier Access Codes will also be expanded. To
access a preferred long-distance carrier today, the required dialing sequence
follows a 10XXX format. The letters XXX are unique, 3-digit identifiers
assigned to a particular carrier. For example, 10288 is AT&TÕs code, 10222 is
MCIÕs, and 10333 is SprintÕs.
With the newly revised NANP, the current 10XXX format will be changed to
101XXXX. This change is expected to take effect in mid 1995.
International Calling Procedures
--------------------------------
Currently, placing an international call from the United States requires a
country code plus a 12-digit maximum number. To increase number availability,
this requirement will be expanded to include a country code plus a 15-digit
maximum. This change is planned to take effect late in 1996.
Dialing Plans
-------------
Under this revised numbering scheme, callers who currently dial 1-NXX-XXXX to
reach someone in their own area code (intra-state call) may not get through.
This is because where interchangeable area codes have been activated, it would
be possible for callers dialing a 10-digit number to be connected to the wrong
number due to the network switch reading the Ò1Ó plus seven digits as a valid
call.
To combat this, callers will need to dial Ò1Ó plus ten digits for all direct
dialed calls other than local calls within the home area code (intra-state).
Local Calls = NXX-XXXX
Intra-State Calls = 1-NXX-NXX-XXXX or 0-NXX-NXX-XXXX
Inter-State Calls = 1-NXX-NXX-XXXX or 0-NXX-NXX-XXXX
Numbers not affected by NANP changes are 700, 800, and 900 numbers, 411 and
1-411 information numbers, 911 emergency numbers, 0 and 0+ operator assist
numbers, directory assistance, and local calls remain 7 digits.
Impact
------
Virtually all PBX and call accounting systems in use today will need some
degree of either software or hardware upgrades to accommodate NANP expansion
changes. Since these systems have been programmed for compatibility with the
original NANP, new area codes and dialing schemes will not be recognized.
In addition to PBXs and call accounting equipment, the following is a list of
equipment which will be affected by NANP expasion:
Centrix services
Automatic route selection tables
Least cost routing tables
Station message detail recording rating tables
Automatic dialing equipment
Computer dial-back devices
Alarm dialers
Security systems
Speed call lists
Fax machines
Private paging networks
Call forwarding numbers
Telephone answering equipment
Modems
Private networks
PBX equipment modifications will differ from one manufacturer to another but
in most cases, a simple software modification to the memory and area code
database would be made. The central processing unit of some switches may need
to be upgraded since more processing speed will be needed to execute a search
on the larger database of number combinations while memory increases may be
necessary to handle increase data processing, routing and billing information.
Consequences
------------
For those businesses who are unaware of NANP implications or those who choose
to ignore them, the consequences can be quite costly as in the hospitality,
health care, and education institutions where telephone systems often act as
an important revenue source.
PBX systems will not be able to recognize an INPA being dialed and therefore,
block the call; without being programmed to identify one number as a toll call
and another being local, facilities may lose toll costs; if the call accounting
system is not upgraded, it may not keep track of toll and international calls
and managers may not have the ability to detect unusual call patterns which
often indicate toll fraud; toll restriction tables will not be updated and pay
per service and other frequently abused numbers will not be blocked.
Attachment 1:
AREA CODES PROJECTED TO EXHAUST PRIOR TO 2003
---------------------------------------------
STATE/PROVINCE AREA CODE PROJECTED EXHAUST DATE
Alabama 205 1996 Q1
Texas 214 1996 Q1
Georgia 404 1996 Q1
Texas 713 1996 Q2
Texas 817 1996 Q3
Arizona 602 1996 Q3
Illinois 708 1997 Q1
Florida 813 1997 Q1
Oregon 503 1997 Q2
Washington 206 1997 Q2
Virginia 703 1999 Q1
California 310 1999 Q2
Caribbean 809 1999 Q2
California 619 2000 Q1
British Columbia 604 2000 Q3
Indiana 317 2000 Q3
Tennessee 615 2001 Q1
Minnesota 612 2001 Q2
Wisconsin 414 2001 Q2
Ohio 513 2001 Q3
Connecticut 203 2002 Q1
Florida 904 2002 Q2
Colorado 303 2002 Q3
Florida 305 2002 Q3
South Carolina 803 2002 Q4
Attachment 2:
AREA CODE LISTING (AS OF 1/1/95)
--------------------------------
201 NEW JERSEY 415 CALIFORNIA 707 CALIFORNIA
202 DIST. OF COLUMBIA 416 ONTARIO 708 ILLINOIS
203 CONNECTICUT 417 MISSOURI 709 NEWFOUNDLAND
204 MANITOBA 418 QUEBEC 712 IOWA
205 ALABAMA 419 OHIO 713 TEXAS
206 WASHINGTON 423 TENNESSEE (9) 714 CALIFORNIA
207 MAINE 501 ARKANSAS 715 WISCONSIN
208 IDAHO 502 KENTUCKY 716 NEW YORK
209 CALIFORNIA 503 OREGON 717 PENNSYLVANIA
210 TEXAS 504 LOUISIANA 718 NEW YORK
212 NEW YORK 505 NEW MEXICO 719 COLORADO
213 CALIFORNIA 506 NEW BRUNSWICK 770 GEORGIA (10)
214 TEXAS 507 MINNESOTA 801 UTAH
215 PENNSYLVANIA 508 MASSACHUSETTS 802 VERMONT
216 OHIO 509 WASHINGTON 803 SOUTH CAROLINA
217 ILLINOIS 510 CALIFORNIA 804 VIRGINIA
218 MINNESOTA 512 TEXAS 805 CALIFORNIA
219 INDIANA 513 OHIO 806 TEXAS
281 TEXAS (8) 514 QUEBEC 807 ONTARIO
301 MARYLAND 515 IOWA 808 HAWAII
302 DELAWARE 516 NEW YORK 809 CARIBBEAN
303 COLORADO 517 MICHIGAN 810 MICHIGAN
304 WEST VIRGINIA 518 NEW YORK 812 INDIANA
305 FLORIDA 519 ONTARIO 813 FLORIDA
306 SASKATCHEWAN 520 ARIZONA (6) 814 PENNSYLVANIA
307 WYOMING 540 VIRGINIA (7) 815 ILLINOIS
308 NEBRASKA 562 CALIFORNIA (5) 816 MISSOURI
309 ILLINOIS 601 MISSISSIPPI 817 TEXAS
310 CALIFORNIA 602 ARIZONA 818 CALIFORNIA
312 ILLINOIS 603 NEW HAMPSHIRE 819 QUEBEC
313 MICHIGAN 604 BRITISH COLUMBIA 901 TENNESSEE
314 MISSOURI 605 SOUTH DAKOTA 902 NOVA SCOTIA
315 NEW YORK 606 KENTUCKY 903 TEXAS
316 KANSAS 607 NEW YORK 904 FLORIDA
317 INDIANA 608 WISCONSIN 905 ONTARIO
318 LOUISIANA 609 NEW JERSEY 906 MICHIGAN
319 IOWA 610 MASSACHUSETTS 907 ALASKA
334 ALABAMA (1) 612 MINNESOTA 908 NEW JERSEY
360 WASHINGTON (2) 613 ONTARIO 909 CALIFORNIA
401 RHODE ISLAND 614 OHIO 910 NORTH CAROLINA
402 NEBRASKA 615 TENNESSEE 912 GEORGIA
403 ALBERTA 616 MICHIGAN 913 KANSAS
404 GEORGIA 617 MASSACHUSETTS 914 NEW YORK
405 OKLAHOMA 618 ILLINOIS 915 TEXAS
406 MONTANA 619 CALIFORNIA 916 CALIFORNIA
407 FLORIDA 630 ILLINOIS 917 NEW YORK
408 CALIFORNIA 701 NORTH DAKOTA 918 OKLAHOMA
409 TEXAS 702 NEVADA 919 NORTH CAROLINA
410 MARYLAND 703 VIRGINIA 954 FLORIDA (4)
412 PENNSYLVANIA 704 NORTH CAROLINA 970 COLORADO (3)
413 MASSACHUSETTS 705 ONTARIO
414 WISCONSIN 706 GEORGIA
_______________
1 205 to 334 - Mandatory dialing on 5/13/95
2 206 to 360 - Mandatory dialing on 5/21/95
3 303 to 970 - Mandatory dialing on 10/1/95
4 305 to 954 - 2Q 1995
5 310 to 562 - 1996
6 602 to 520 - Mandatory dialing 7/23/95
7 703 to 540 - Mandatory dialing 7/13/96
8 713 to 281 - Mandatory dialing 3/1/96
9 615 to 423 - 4Q 1995
10 404 to 770 - 4Q 1995
-=- Phoney Phreak of PHi -=-
